See 来 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 来 meaning in All languages combined (22.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "來"
},
"expansion": "來",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of 來.",
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han char with multiple ids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"来 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木廿 (DT), composition ⿻未丷 or ⿻木䒑 or ⿻一米)"
],
"id": "en-来-mul-character-8~xEhVBZ",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"未",
"未#Translingual"
],
[
"丷",
"丷#Translingual"
],
[
"木",
"木#Translingual"
],
[
"䒑",
"䒑#Translingual"
],
[
"一",
"一#Translingual"
],
[
"米",
"米#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "來",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sarai-",
"ruby": [
[
"再来",
"さらい"
]
],
"word": "再来"
},
{
"roman": "shuttai",
"ruby": [
[
"出来",
"しゅったい"
]
],
"word": "出来"
}
],
"id": "en-来-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rai-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (rai-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "raika",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "来夏"
},
{
"roman": "raigetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "来月"
},
{
"roman": "raijitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"日",
"じつ"
]
],
"word": "来日"
},
{
"roman": "raishū",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "来秋"
},
{
"roman": "raishū",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"週",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "来週"
},
{
"roman": "raishun",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "来春"
},
{
"roman": "raitō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "来冬"
},
{
"roman": "rainen",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
]
],
"word": "来年"
},
{
"roman": "raiharu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"word": "来春"
}
],
"glosses": [
"next..., coming..."
],
"id": "en-来-ja-prefix-hNqSLl~r",
"links": [
[
"next",
"next"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (-rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I went to Aomori two or three times in the past two or three years...\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1944, Osamu Dazai, Tsugaru",
"roman": "Kono ni, sannen-rai, watashi wa Aomori-shi e ni, sando itta ga",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"森",
"もり"
],
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
],
[
"行",
"い"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"森",
"もり"
],
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この二、三年来、私は青森市へ二、三度行ったが...\nKono ni, sannen-rai, watashi wa Aomori-shi e ni, sando itta ga\nI went to Aomori two or three times in the past two or three years...\nこの二、三年来、私は青森市へ二、三度行ったが..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"since..., in..."
],
"id": "en-来-ja-suffix-uCZ-ocW~",
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raī",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"意",
"い"
]
],
"word": "来意"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raikyaku",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"客",
"きゃく"
]
],
"word": "来客"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raigō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"迎",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "来迎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raisho",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "来書"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raijō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"状",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "来状"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raishin",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"信",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "来信"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "raise",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"世",
"せ"
]
],
"word": "来世"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rainichi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"日",
"にち"
]
],
"word": "来日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raihin",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"賓",
"ひん"
]
],
"word": "来賓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raihō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"訪",
"ほう"
]
],
"word": "来訪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raiyu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"由",
"ゆ"
]
],
"word": "来由"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "raireki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"歴",
"れき"
]
],
"word": "来歴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "irai",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "以来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "enrai",
"ruby": [
[
"遠",
"えん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "遠来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"往",
"おう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "往来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gairai",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "外来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ganrai",
"ruby": [
[
"元",
"がん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "元来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kinrai",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"きん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "近来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "korai",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"こ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "古来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sairai",
"ruby": [
[
"再",
"さい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "再来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zairai",
"ruby": [
[
"在",
"ざい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "在来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jirai",
"ruby": [
[
"爾",
"じ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "爾来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shūrai",
"ruby": [
[
"襲",
"しゅう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "襲来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jūrai",
"ruby": [
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "従来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"招",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "招来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "将来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shinrai",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"しん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "新来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "seirai",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "生来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kirai",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "帰来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kyorai",
"ruby": [
[
"去",
"きょ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "去来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "光来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kōrai",
"word": "高来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "denrai",
"ruby": [
[
"伝",
"でん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "伝来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "torai",
"ruby": [
[
"渡",
"と"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "渡来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "当来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"到",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "到来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"淘",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "淘来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nenrai",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "年来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hakurai",
"ruby": [
[
"舶",
"はく"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "舶来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hirai",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"ひ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "飛来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "honrai",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "本来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mirai",
"ruby": [
[
"未",
"み"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "未来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yarai",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "夜来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yurai",
"ruby": [
[
"由",
"ゆ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "由来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kikyorai",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"去",
"きょ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "帰去来"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 3 1 28 0 11 1 7 27 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 24 0 12 3 5 23 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 27 0 13 2 6 23 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coming, arriving"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-affix-ihkqnshy",
"links": [
[
"coming",
"come"
],
[
"arriving",
"arrive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coming, approaching, passing"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-affix-hV0~UvwM",
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from (some point in the) past to present"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-affix-FKtpmcIy",
"links": [
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"present",
"present"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 3 1 28 0 11 1 7 27 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 1 29 0 11 2 5 23 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 24 0 12 3 5 23 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 28 0 13 2 6 21 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 27 0 13 2 6 23 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 2 44 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coming in time"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-affix-61Pu6RVx",
"links": [
[
"in time",
"in time"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (Rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 1 28 0 11 1 7 27 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 24 0 12 3 5 23 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 27 0 13 2 6 23 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 4 22 33 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-name-3-OnsOz1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"swordsmith",
"swordsmith"
],
[
"Goryeo",
"Goryeo"
],
[
"Kamakura",
"Kamakura"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "kuru, modern form",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "来る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kitaru",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kitoburau",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
],
[
"訪",
"とぶら"
]
],
"word": "来訪ふ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kaeriku",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"かえ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "帰り来"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "く",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "来し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "く",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kahen"
},
"expansion": "来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"sik": "来"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 1 28 0 11 1 7 27 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 24 0 12 3 5 23 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 1 27 0 13 2 6 23 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker)"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-verb-Z-to55kh",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"approach",
"approach#English"
],
[
"position",
"position#English"
],
[
"remote",
"remote#English"
],
[
"location",
"location#English"
],
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
],
[
"speaker",
"speaker#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-verb-qbQocAWW",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"listener",
"listener#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]",
"to gradually begin to"
],
"id": "en-来-ja-verb-mJir~xt9",
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"gradually",
"gradually"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"來"
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading らい",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading らい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading き-し",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading きた-す",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading きた-る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading く-る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading こ-し",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading き",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading こ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading な",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sarai-",
"ruby": [
[
"再来",
"さらい"
]
],
"word": "再来"
},
{
"roman": "shuttai",
"ruby": [
[
"出来",
"しゅったい"
]
],
"word": "出来"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "來",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Requests for references for pronunciations in Japanese entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "raika",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "来夏"
},
{
"roman": "raigetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "来月"
},
{
"roman": "raijitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"日",
"じつ"
]
],
"word": "来日"
},
{
"roman": "raishū",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "来秋"
},
{
"roman": "raishū",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"週",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "来週"
},
{
"roman": "raishun",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "来春"
},
{
"roman": "raitō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "来冬"
},
{
"roman": "rainen",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
]
],
"word": "来年"
},
{
"roman": "raiharu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"word": "来春"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rai-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (rai-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"next..., coming..."
],
"links": [
[
"next",
"next"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Requests for references for pronunciations in Japanese entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (-rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I went to Aomori two or three times in the past two or three years...\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1944, Osamu Dazai, Tsugaru",
"roman": "Kono ni, sannen-rai, watashi wa Aomori-shi e ni, sando itta ga",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"森",
"もり"
],
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
],
[
"行",
"い"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"青",
"あお"
],
[
"森",
"もり"
],
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"二",
"に"
],
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この二、三年来、私は青森市へ二、三度行ったが...\nKono ni, sannen-rai, watashi wa Aomori-shi e ni, sando itta ga\nI went to Aomori two or three times in the past two or three years...\nこの二、三年来、私は青森市へ二、三度行ったが..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"since..., in..."
],
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Requests for references for pronunciations in Japanese entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "raī",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"意",
"い"
]
],
"word": "来意"
},
{
"roman": "raikyaku",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"客",
"きゃく"
]
],
"word": "来客"
},
{
"roman": "raigō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"迎",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "来迎"
},
{
"roman": "raisho",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "来書"
},
{
"roman": "raijō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"状",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "来状"
},
{
"roman": "raishin",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"信",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "来信"
},
{
"english": "raise",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"世",
"せ"
]
],
"word": "来世"
},
{
"roman": "rainichi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"日",
"にち"
]
],
"word": "来日"
},
{
"roman": "raihin",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"賓",
"ひん"
]
],
"word": "来賓"
},
{
"roman": "raihō",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"訪",
"ほう"
]
],
"word": "来訪"
},
{
"roman": "raiyu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"由",
"ゆ"
]
],
"word": "来由"
},
{
"roman": "raireki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"歴",
"れき"
]
],
"word": "来歴"
},
{
"roman": "irai",
"ruby": [
[
"以",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "以来"
},
{
"roman": "enrai",
"ruby": [
[
"遠",
"えん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "遠来"
},
{
"roman": "ōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"往",
"おう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "往来"
},
{
"roman": "gairai",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "外来"
},
{
"roman": "ganrai",
"ruby": [
[
"元",
"がん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "元来"
},
{
"roman": "kinrai",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"きん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "近来"
},
{
"roman": "korai",
"ruby": [
[
"古",
"こ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "古来"
},
{
"roman": "sairai",
"ruby": [
[
"再",
"さい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "再来"
},
{
"roman": "zairai",
"ruby": [
[
"在",
"ざい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "在来"
},
{
"roman": "jirai",
"ruby": [
[
"爾",
"じ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "爾来"
},
{
"roman": "shūrai",
"ruby": [
[
"襲",
"しゅう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "襲来"
},
{
"roman": "jūrai",
"ruby": [
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "従来"
},
{
"roman": "shōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"招",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "招来"
},
{
"roman": "shōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "将来"
},
{
"roman": "shinrai",
"ruby": [
[
"新",
"しん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "新来"
},
{
"roman": "seirai",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "生来"
},
{
"roman": "kirai",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "帰来"
},
{
"roman": "kyorai",
"ruby": [
[
"去",
"きょ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "去来"
},
{
"word": "光来"
},
{
"roman": "kōrai",
"word": "高来"
},
{
"roman": "denrai",
"ruby": [
[
"伝",
"でん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "伝来"
},
{
"roman": "torai",
"ruby": [
[
"渡",
"と"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "渡来"
},
{
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "当来"
},
{
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"到",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "到来"
},
{
"roman": "tōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"淘",
"とう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "淘来"
},
{
"roman": "nenrai",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "年来"
},
{
"roman": "hakurai",
"ruby": [
[
"舶",
"はく"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "舶来"
},
{
"roman": "hirai",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"ひ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "飛来"
},
{
"roman": "honrai",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "本来"
},
{
"roman": "mirai",
"ruby": [
[
"未",
"み"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "未来"
},
{
"roman": "yarai",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"や"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "夜来"
},
{
"roman": "yurai",
"ruby": [
[
"由",
"ゆ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "由来"
},
{
"roman": "kikyorai",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"き"
],
[
"去",
"きょ"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"word": "帰去来"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coming, arriving"
],
"links": [
[
"coming",
"come"
],
[
"arriving",
"arrive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coming, approaching, passing"
],
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from (some point in the) past to present"
],
"links": [
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"present",
"present"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coming in time"
],
"links": [
[
"in time",
"in time"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs",
"Requests for references for pronunciations in Japanese entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "らい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來 (MC loj)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "來"
},
"expansion": "來／来 (lái)",
"name": "zh-m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 來 (MC loj).\nCompare modern Mandarin 來／来 (lái).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Rai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "らい"
},
"expansion": "来(らい) • (Rai)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"swordsmith",
"swordsmith"
],
[
"Goryeo",
"Goryeo"
],
[
"Kamakura",
"Kamakura"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "らい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 来",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "kuru, modern form",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "来る"
},
{
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
},
{
"roman": "kitaru",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来る"
},
{
"roman": "kitoburau",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
],
[
"訪",
"とぶら"
]
],
"word": "来訪ふ"
},
{
"roman": "kaeriku",
"ruby": [
[
"帰",
"かえ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "帰り来"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "く",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "来し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "来む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "く",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kahen"
},
"expansion": "来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"sik": "来"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker)"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"approach",
"approach#English"
],
[
"position",
"position#English"
],
[
"remote",
"remote#English"
],
[
"location",
"location#English"
],
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
],
[
"speaker",
"speaker#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"listener",
"listener#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]",
"to gradually begin to"
],
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"gradually",
"gradually"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "來"
},
"expansion": "來",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of 來.",
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han char with multiple ids",
"Han char without four",
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"来 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木廿 (DT), composition ⿻未丷 or ⿻木䒑 or ⿻一米)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"未",
"未#Translingual"
],
[
"丷",
"丷#Translingual"
],
[
"木",
"木#Translingual"
],
[
"䒑",
"䒑#Translingual"
],
[
"一",
"一#Translingual"
],
[
"米",
"米#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "来"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "来",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 1"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <i> not properly closed",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "来",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 1"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </i>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Attributive form, as the terminal form (lemma) does not exist for this construction in this conjugation., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"来"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "来/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"來\"], \"word\": \"来\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "来",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.