"こし" meaning in All languages combined

See こし on Wiktionary

Adjective [Japanese]

Forms: koshi [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-adj|infl=ku}} こし • (koshi) ^†-ku
  1. classical terminal form of modern adjective 濃い (koi, “thick in consistency; deep in color; rich in flavor”)
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-adj--fZIBC59 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ɕi] Forms: こし [canonical], コシ [canonical], koshi [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn from Proto-Japonic *kəsi. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=こし}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*kəsi|sort=こし}} Proto-Japonic *kəsi Head templates: {{ja-noun|コシ}} こし or コシ • (koshi)
  1. the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-YpH0xun7
  2. (anatomy) the lumbar region Categories (topical): Anatomy
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-cUmAJXds Categories (other): Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 1 30 16 30 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2 Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
  3. the skirting of a shoji
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-BFB2apu2 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 1 30 16 30 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2
  4. the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips)
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-B2R89r4Q Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 1 30 16 30 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2
  5. (of food) chewiness; springiness
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-~D8oD6C8 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 1 30 16 30 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 腰掛ける (koshikakeru) (ruby: (こし), ()) (english: to sit down), 腰抜け (koshinuke) (ruby: (こし), ()) (english: coward) Related terms: 胴のくびれ (dō no kubire) (ruby: (どう)), 腰部 (yōbu) (ruby: (よう), ()), 胴回り (dōmawari) (ruby: (どう), (まわ))
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ɕi] Forms: koshi [romanization]
Etymology: First cited to The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter in the late-800s, early 900s. Further derivation uncertain. May be the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”). Etymology templates: {{m|ja|輿|tr=koshi}} 輿 (koshi), {{m|ja|連用形||continuative or stem form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”), {{m|ja|越す||to move something from one place to another|tr=kosu}} 越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”) Head templates: {{ja-noun}} こし • (koshi)
  1. palanquin, litter
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-Gl0o76kC Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ɕi] Forms: koshi [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. Theorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{m|en|hip}} hip Head templates: {{ja-noun}} こし • (koshi)
  1. (rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey Tags: obsolete, possibly, rare Categories (topical): Architecture
    Sense id: en-こし-ja-noun-Jg5BJZld Topics: architecture
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for こし meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to sit down",
      "roman": "koshikakeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "こし"
        ],
        [
          "掛",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰掛ける"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "coward",
      "roman": "koshinuke",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "こし"
        ],
        [
          "抜",
          "ぬ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰抜け"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こし"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kəsi",
        "sort": "こし"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kəsi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn from Proto-Japonic *kəsi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "こし",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "コシ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "コシ"
      },
      "expansion": "こし or コシ • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "dō no kubire",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "胴",
          "どう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "胴のくびれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yōbu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "よう"
        ],
        [
          "部",
          "ぶ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰部"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "dōmawari",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "胴",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "回",
          "まわ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "胴回り"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-YpH0xun7",
      "links": [
        [
          "waist",
          "waist"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "ja:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 30 16 30 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the lumbar region"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-cUmAJXds",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) the lumbar region"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 30 16 30 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the skirting of a shoji"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-BFB2apu2",
      "links": [
        [
          "skirting",
          "skirting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 30 16 30 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips)"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-B2R89r4Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "waka",
          "waka"
        ],
        [
          "tanka",
          "tanka"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 30 16 30 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "蕎",
              "そ"
            ],
            [
              "麦",
              "ば"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "コシのある蕎麦\nkoshi no aru soba\nspringy soba"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chewiness; springiness"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-~D8oD6C8",
      "links": [
        [
          "chewiness",
          "chewiness"
        ],
        [
          "springiness",
          "springiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of food) chewiness; springiness"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of food"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こし"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "輿",
        "tr": "koshi"
      },
      "expansion": "輿 (koshi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "越す",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to move something from one place to another",
        "tr": "kosu"
      },
      "expansion": "越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First cited to The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter in the late-800s, early 900s. Further derivation uncertain. May be the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "こし • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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        {
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          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
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          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "palanquin, litter"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-Gl0o76kC",
      "links": [
        [
          "palanquin",
          "palanquin"
        ],
        [
          "litter",
          "litter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こし"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter",
    "ja:輿"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
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      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hip"
      },
      "expansion": "hip",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nTheorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "こし • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Architecture",
          "orig": "ja:Architecture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a storey"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-noun-Jg5BJZld",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "storey",
          "storey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "possibly",
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "infl": "ku"
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      "expansion": "こし • (koshi) ^†-ku",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 8 12 25 15 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 13 11 19 15 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 21 11 19 14 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 20 11 19 15 17 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "classical terminal form of modern adjective 濃い (koi, “thick in consistency; deep in color; rich in flavor”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-こし-ja-adj--fZIBC59",
      "links": [
        [
          "濃い",
          "濃い#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to sit down",
      "roman": "koshikakeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "こし"
        ],
        [
          "掛",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰掛ける"
    },
    {
      "english": "coward",
      "roman": "koshinuke",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "こし"
        ],
        [
          "抜",
          "ぬ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰抜け"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こし"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kəsi",
        "sort": "こし"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kəsi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn from Proto-Japonic *kəsi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "こし",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "コシ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "コシ"
      },
      "expansion": "こし or コシ • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "dō no kubire",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "胴",
          "どう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "胴のくびれ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōbu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "腰",
          "よう"
        ],
        [
          "部",
          "ぶ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "腰部"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dōmawari",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "胴",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "回",
          "まわ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "胴回り"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "waist",
          "waist"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the lumbar region"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) the lumbar region"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the skirting of a shoji"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skirting",
          "skirting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "waka",
          "waka"
        ],
        [
          "tanka",
          "tanka"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ruby": [
            [
              "蕎",
              "そ"
            ],
            [
              "麦",
              "ば"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "コシのある蕎麦\nkoshi no aru soba\nspringy soba"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chewiness; springiness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chewiness",
          "chewiness"
        ],
        [
          "springiness",
          "springiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of food) chewiness; springiness"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of food"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こし"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "輿",
        "tr": "koshi"
      },
      "expansion": "輿 (koshi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "越す",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to move something from one place to another",
        "tr": "kosu"
      },
      "expansion": "越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First cited to The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter in the late-800s, early 900s. Further derivation uncertain. May be the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "こし • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "palanquin, litter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "palanquin",
          "palanquin"
        ],
        [
          "litter",
          "litter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こし"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter",
    "ja:輿"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hip"
      },
      "expansion": "hip",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nTheorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "こし • (koshi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses",
        "ja:Architecture"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a storey"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "storey",
          "storey"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "possibly",
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ɕi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese adjectives",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese く-ku adjectives"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koshi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "infl": "ku"
      },
      "expansion": "こし • (koshi) ^†-ku",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "classical terminal form of modern adjective 濃い (koi, “thick in consistency; deep in color; rich in flavor”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "濃い",
          "濃い#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "古史",
    "古址",
    "古祠",
    "古詩",
    "虎子",
    "虎視",
    "古紙",
    "枯死",
    "雇使",
    "顧思",
    "顧視"
  ],
  "word": "こし"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "こし"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "こし",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "こし"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "こし",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "こし"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "こし",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "こし"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "こし",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.