See 来る on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "iku",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "行く: go"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "semarikuru",
"ruby": [
[
"迫",
"せま"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "迫り来る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "motte kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "持って来る: bring something"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tsurete kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"つ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "連れて来る: bring someone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kuruhi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "来る日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "くる",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ku",
"sort": "くる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "す"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese す",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 来ん (sun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "来",
"tr": "ksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 来 (ksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "来ーん",
"tr": "chuun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 来ーん (chuun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 来ん (kïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 来ん (kun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku), from Proto-Japonic *ku. Compare the development of modern する (suru) from Old Japanese す.\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712.\nCognate with Kunigami 来ん (sun), Miyako 来 (ksï), Okinawan 来ーん (chuun), Yaeyama 来ん (kïn), Yonaguni 来ん (kun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"roman": "ki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"roman": "kita",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来よう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来ない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "konai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "來よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来き [ki]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来くる [kuru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きて [kite]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こないで [konai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こなくて [konakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こない [konai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きます [kimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きません [kimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きた [kita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こなかった [konakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きました [kimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きませんでした [kimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられ [korare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられる [korareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられない [korarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられます [koraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられません [koraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられた [korareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられなかった [korarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられました [koraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられませんでした [koraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせ [kosase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせる [kosaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 来こさす [kosasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせない [kosasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせます [kosasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせません [kosasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせた [kosaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせなかった [kosasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせました [kosasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせませんでした [kosasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられ [korare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられる [korareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられない [korarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられます [koraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられません [koraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられた [korareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられなかった [korarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられました [koraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられませんでした [koraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こい [koi]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きてください [kite kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こないでください [konai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きなさい [kinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来くるな [kuru na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こよう [koyō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こましょう [komashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来くれば [kureba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来なければ [konakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 来こなきゃ [konakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたら [kitara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来なかったら [konakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられ [kosaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられる [kosaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられない [kosaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられます [kosaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられません [kosaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられた [kosaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられなかった [kosaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられました [kosaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられませんでした [kosaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたい [kitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたくない [kitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きている [kite iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 来きてる [kiteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていない [kite inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 来きてない [kitenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きています [kite imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていません [kite imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていた [kite ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていなかった [kite inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていました [kite imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていませんでした [kite imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来こぬ [konu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こん [kon]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こず [kozu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こず [kozu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたり [kitari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来(く)る • (kuru) intransitive kuru (stem 来(き) (ki), past 来(き)た (kita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"k": "來",
"sik": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くる"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 22 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 23 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 19 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 19 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 21 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 23 27 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"english": "a shop that does not see many visitors",
"roman": "o-kyaku-san ga amari konai o-mise",
"ruby": [
[
"客",
"きゃく"
],
[
"来",
"こ"
],
[
"店",
"みせ"
]
],
"text": "お客さんがあまり来ないお店",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come (toward the speaker/writer)"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-OQtA-Oj~",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 22 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 23 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 19 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 21 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "sadness that strikes the heart",
"roman": "kokoro ni kuru kanashisa",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"悲",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "心に来る悲しさ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "spiciness that assaults the throat",
"roman": "nodo ni kuru karasa",
"ruby": [
[
"喉",
"のど"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"text": "喉に来る辛さ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to noticeably affect the stomach",
"roman": "i ni kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"胃",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"text": "胃に来る",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"roman": "mentaru ni kuru",
"text": "メンタルにくる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come and stimulate"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-CZVKh5Sw",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, of a sensation) to come and stimulate"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sensation"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 22 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 23 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 19 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 21 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 41 9 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"when it comes to"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-KJ0kvE4d",
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"来たら",
"来たら#Japanese"
],
[
"when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 22 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 23 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 19 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 21 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-6lyua3eR",
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"come to",
"come to"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually spelled in hiragana",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, after the て-form of a verb, usually spelled in hiragana) to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after the て-form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くる"
},
{
"note": "Mishima",
"other": "[kùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Mishima Island, Yamaguchi",
"Tokyo dialect"
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "きたす",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来る",
"2": "きたる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "来る",
"3": "きたす",
"4": "きたる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来",
"2": "き",
"3": "至る",
"4": "いたる",
"linkto1": "来る",
"pos1": "continuative form of etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"roman": "kitari",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"roman": "kitatta",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る • (kitaru) intransitive godan (stem 来(きた)り (kitari), past 来(きた)った (kitatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた",
"2": "4-r",
"3": "來"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 22 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 23 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 19 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 21 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 21 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 20 11 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray that next year [the coming year] will be a good year for each of you.",
"ref": "2011, NHK, 天皇誕生日 皇居で一般参賀",
"roman": "Kitaru toshi ga mina-san hitoribitori ni tori, yoi toshi de aru yō inotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"祈",
"いの"
]
],
"text": "来る年が皆さん一人びとりにとり、よい年であるよう祈っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to arrive"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-NxJ~s~mm",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "iku",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "行く: go"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese kuru verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "semarikuru",
"ruby": [
[
"迫",
"せま"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "迫り来る"
},
{
"roman": "motte kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "持って来る: bring something"
},
{
"roman": "tsurete kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"つ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "連れて来る: bring someone"
},
{
"roman": "kuruhi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "来る日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "くる",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ku",
"sort": "くる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "す"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese す",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 来ん (sun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "来",
"tr": "ksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 来 (ksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "来ーん",
"tr": "chuun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 来ーん (chuun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 来ん (kïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 来ん (kun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku), from Proto-Japonic *ku. Compare the development of modern する (suru) from Old Japanese す.\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712.\nCognate with Kunigami 来ん (sun), Miyako 来 (ksï), Okinawan 来ーん (chuun), Yaeyama 来ん (kïn), Yonaguni 来ん (kun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"roman": "ki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"roman": "kita",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来よう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来ない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "konai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "來よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来き [ki]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来くる [kuru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きて [kite]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こないで [konai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こなくて [konakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こない [konai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きます [kimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きません [kimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きた [kita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こなかった [konakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きました [kimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きませんでした [kimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられ [korare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられる [korareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられない [korarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられます [koraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられません [koraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられた [korareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられなかった [korarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられました [koraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられませんでした [koraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせ [kosase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせる [kosaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 来こさす [kosasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせない [kosasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせます [kosasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせません [kosasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせた [kosaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせなかった [kosasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせました [kosasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせませんでした [kosasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられ [korare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられる [korareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられない [korarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられます [koraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられません [koraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられた [korareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられなかった [korarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられました [koraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こられませんでした [koraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来こい [koi]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きてください [kite kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こないでください [konai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きなさい [kinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来くるな [kuru na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こよう [koyō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こましょう [komashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来くれば [kureba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来なければ [konakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 来こなきゃ [konakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたら [kitara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来なかったら [konakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられ [kosaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられる [kosaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられない [kosaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられます [kosaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられません [kosaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられた [kosaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられなかった [kosaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられました [kosaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こさせられませんでした [kosaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたい [kitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたくない [kitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きている [kite iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 来きてる [kiteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていない [kite inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 来きてない [kitenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来きています [kite imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていません [kite imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていた [kite ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていなかった [kite inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていました [kite imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きていませんでした [kite imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来こぬ [konu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こん [kon]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来こず [kozu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来こず [kozu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来きたり [kitari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来(く)る • (kuru) intransitive kuru (stem 来(き) (ki), past 来(き)た (kita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"k": "來",
"sik": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くる"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"english": "a shop that does not see many visitors",
"roman": "o-kyaku-san ga amari konai o-mise",
"ruby": [
[
"客",
"きゃく"
],
[
"来",
"こ"
],
[
"店",
"みせ"
]
],
"text": "お客さんがあまり来ないお店",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come (toward the speaker/writer)"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "sadness that strikes the heart",
"roman": "kokoro ni kuru kanashisa",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"悲",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "心に来る悲しさ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "spiciness that assaults the throat",
"roman": "nodo ni kuru karasa",
"ruby": [
[
"喉",
"のど"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"text": "喉に来る辛さ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to noticeably affect the stomach",
"roman": "i ni kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"胃",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"text": "胃に来る",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"roman": "mentaru ni kuru",
"text": "メンタルにくる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come and stimulate"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, of a sensation) to come and stimulate"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sensation"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"when it comes to"
],
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"来たら",
"来たら#Japanese"
],
[
"when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"come to",
"come to"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually spelled in hiragana",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, after the て-form of a verb, usually spelled in hiragana) to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after the て-form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くる"
},
{
"note": "Mishima",
"other": "[kùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Mishima Island, Yamaguchi",
"Tokyo dialect"
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "きたす",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来る",
"2": "きたる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "来る",
"3": "きたす",
"4": "きたる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来",
"2": "き",
"3": "至る",
"4": "いたる",
"linkto1": "来る",
"pos1": "continuative form of etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"roman": "kitari",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"roman": "kitatta",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る • (kitaru) intransitive godan (stem 来(きた)り (kitari), past 来(きた)った (kitatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた",
"2": "4-r",
"3": "來"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray that next year [the coming year] will be a good year for each of you.",
"ref": "2011, NHK, 天皇誕生日 皇居で一般参賀",
"roman": "Kitaru toshi ga mina-san hitoribitori ni tori, yoi toshi de aru yō inotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"祈",
"いの"
]
],
"text": "来る年が皆さん一人びとりにとり、よい年であるよう祈っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to arrive"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "来る"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 来る meaning in All languages combined (33.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: と来たら (to kitara)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: と来たら (to kitara)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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{
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"path": [
"来る"
],
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Attributive form, as the terminal form (lemma) does not exist for this construction in this conjugation., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative form\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive form\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'l', 'conjunctive', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'polite', 'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'passive', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u', 'causative'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u', 'potential'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei / Firm instruction'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite request'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-nasai form'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Prohibitive / Do not 〜'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'imperative', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Hypothetical / Provisional'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-tara form'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'conditional', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'desiderative', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 来る/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'g', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'desiderative', 'r', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic or classical negative'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic attributive negative'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Colloquial or dialectal -ん negative'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '(〜に): without 〜ing'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Representative / Listing examples'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.