See 来る in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 来る meaning in Japanese (29.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "iku",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "行く: go"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "semarikuru",
"ruby": [
[
"迫",
"せま"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "迫り来る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "motte kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "持って来る: bring something"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tsurete kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"つ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "連れて来る: bring someone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kuruhi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "来る日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "くる",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ku",
"sort": "くる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "す"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese す",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 来ん (sun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "来",
"tr": "ksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 来 (ksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "来ーん",
"tr": "chuun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 来ーん (chuun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 来ん (kïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 来ん (kun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku), from Proto-Japonic *ku. Compare the development of modern する (suru) from Old Japanese す.\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712.\nCognate with Kunigami 来ん (sun), Miyako 来 (ksï), Okinawan 来ーん (chuun), Yaeyama 来ん (kïn), Yonaguni 来ん (kun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"roman": "ki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"roman": "kita",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来よう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来ない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "konai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "來よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来(く)る • (kuru) intransitive kuru (stem 来(き) (ki), past 来(き)た (kita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"k": "來",
"sik": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 26 24 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 26 24 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a shop that does not see many visitors",
"roman": "o-kyaku-san ga amari konai o-mise",
"ruby": [
[
"客",
"きゃく"
],
[
"来",
"こ"
],
[
"店",
"みせ"
]
],
"text": "お客さんがあまり来ないお店"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come (toward the speaker/writer)"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-OQtA-Oj~",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sadness that strikes the heart",
"roman": "kokoro ni kuru kanashisa",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"悲",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "心に来る悲しさ"
},
{
"english": "spiciness that assaults the throat",
"roman": "nodo ni kuru karasa",
"ruby": [
[
"喉",
"のど"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"text": "喉に来る辛さ"
},
{
"english": "to noticeably affect the stomach",
"roman": "i ni kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"胃",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"text": "胃に来る"
},
{
"english": "mentally taxing",
"roman": "mentaru ni kuru",
"text": "メンタルにくる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come and stimulate"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-CZVKh5Sw",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, of a sensation) to come and stimulate"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sensation"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-ms82yrsF",
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"来たら",
"来たら#Japanese"
],
[
"when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-6lyua3eR",
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"come to",
"come to"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually spelled in hiragana",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, after the て-form of a verb, usually spelled in hiragana) to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after the て-form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くる"
},
{
"note": "Mishima",
"other": "[kùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Mishima Island, Yamaguchi",
"Tokyo dialect"
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "きたす",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来す",
"3": "<small><ruby>来<rp>(</rp><rt>きた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>す</small>"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す (来(きた)す)",
"name": "l-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来る",
"2": "きたる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"3": "<small><ruby>来<rp>(</rp><rt>きた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>る</small>"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る (来(きた)る)",
"name": "l-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "来る",
"3": "きたす",
"4": "きたる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来",
"2": "き",
"3": "至る",
"4": "いたる",
"linkto1": "来る",
"pos1": "continuative form of etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"roman": "kitari",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"roman": "kitatta",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る • (kitaru) intransitive godan (stem 来(きた)り (kitari), past 来(きた)った (kitatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた",
"2": "4-r",
"3": "來"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 18 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray that next year [the coming year] will be a good year for each of you.",
"ref": "2011, NHK, 天皇誕生日 皇居で一般参賀",
"roman": "Kitaru toshi ga mina-san hitoribitori ni tori, yoi toshi de aru yō inotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"祈",
"いの"
]
],
"text": "来る年が皆さん一人びとりにとり、よい年であるよう祈っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to arrive"
],
"id": "en-来る-ja-verb-NxJ~s~mm",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "iku",
"ruby": [
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "行く: go"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese irregular verbs",
"Japanese kuru verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "semarikuru",
"ruby": [
[
"迫",
"せま"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"word": "迫り来る"
},
{
"roman": "motte kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "持って来る: bring something"
},
{
"roman": "tsurete kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"つ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "連れて来る: bring someone"
},
{
"roman": "kuruhi",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "来る日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "來",
"sort": "くる",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ku",
"sort": "くる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "す"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese す",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "sun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 来ん (sun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "来",
"tr": "ksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 来 (ksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "来ーん",
"tr": "chuun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 来ーん (chuun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 来ん (kïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "来ん",
"tr": "kun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 来ん (kun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 來 (ku), from Proto-Japonic *ku. Compare the development of modern する (suru) from Old Japanese す.\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712.\nCognate with Kunigami 来ん (sun), Miyako 来 (ksï), Okinawan 来ーん (chuun), Yaeyama 来ん (kïn), Yonaguni 来ん (kun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"roman": "ki",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"roman": "kita",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "koi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "korareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来よう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来ない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "konai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来た",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "來よ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "こよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kozu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來ば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "こば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "koba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "こし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kosi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kisi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來ぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來たり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "komu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来(く)る • (kuru) intransitive kuru (stem 来(き) (ki), past 来(き)た (kita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "irreg-k",
"k": "來",
"sik": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a shop that does not see many visitors",
"roman": "o-kyaku-san ga amari konai o-mise",
"ruby": [
[
"客",
"きゃく"
],
[
"来",
"こ"
],
[
"店",
"みせ"
]
],
"text": "お客さんがあまり来ないお店"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come (toward the speaker/writer)"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sadness that strikes the heart",
"roman": "kokoro ni kuru kanashisa",
"ruby": [
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"悲",
"かな"
]
],
"text": "心に来る悲しさ"
},
{
"english": "spiciness that assaults the throat",
"roman": "nodo ni kuru karasa",
"ruby": [
[
"喉",
"のど"
],
[
"来",
"く"
],
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"text": "喉に来る辛さ"
},
{
"english": "to noticeably affect the stomach",
"roman": "i ni kuru",
"ruby": [
[
"胃",
"い"
],
[
"来",
"く"
]
],
"text": "胃に来る"
},
{
"english": "mentally taxing",
"roman": "mentaru ni kuru",
"text": "メンタルにくる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come and stimulate"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically, of a sensation) to come and stimulate"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sensation"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
],
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"来たら",
"来たら#Japanese"
],
[
"when it comes to",
"when it comes to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(と来たら (to kitara)) when it comes to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"links": [
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"come to",
"come to"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually spelled in hiragana",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, after the て-form of a verb, usually spelled in hiragana) to happen to do something, to come to do something"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after the て-form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くる"
},
{
"note": "Mishima",
"other": "[kùrú]"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Mishima Island, Yamaguchi",
"Tokyo dialect"
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese irregular verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "きたす",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来す",
"3": "<small><ruby>来<rp>(</rp><rt>きた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>す</small>"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)す (来(きた)す)",
"name": "l-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来る",
"2": "きたる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"3": "<small><ruby>来<rp>(</rp><rt>きた</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>る</small>"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る (来(きた)る)",
"name": "l-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来す",
"2": "来る",
"3": "きたす",
"4": "きたる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "来",
"2": "き",
"3": "至る",
"4": "いたる",
"linkto1": "来る",
"pos1": "continuative form of etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 来(き) (ki, continuative form of etymology 1) + 至(いた)る (itaru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "来る",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"roman": "kitari",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"roman": "kitatta",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "来ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "来られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "来らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "来れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "来ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "来らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "来ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きたります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "来った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きたった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "来って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "来れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "來ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "來り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "來る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "來れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kitare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "來れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "來れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "來らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "來りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "來りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きたりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "來らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きたらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kitaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きたる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "来(きた)る • (kitaru) intransitive godan (stem 来(きた)り (kitari), past 来(きた)った (kitatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きた",
"2": "4-r",
"3": "來"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kitasu",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "来す"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I pray that next year [the coming year] will be a good year for each of you.",
"ref": "2011, NHK, 天皇誕生日 皇居で一般参賀",
"roman": "Kitaru toshi ga mina-san hitoribitori ni tori, yoi toshi de aru yō inotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"きた"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"皆",
"みな"
],
[
"一人",
"ひとり"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"祈",
"いの"
]
],
"text": "来る年が皆さん一人びとりにとり、よい年であるよう祈っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to arrive"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"other": "きたる"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥ta̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "来る"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: と来たら (to kitara)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Attributive form, as the terminal form (lemma) does not exist for this construction in this conjugation., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"来る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "来る",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.