See 改革 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 改革 meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "zh:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé",
"word": "土地改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǔgǎi",
"word": "土改"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fánggǎi",
"word": "房改"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gǎigézōng",
"word": "改革宗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gǎigépài",
"word": "改革派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Gǎigé Kāifàng",
"word": "改革開放"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Gǎigé Kāifàng",
"word": "改革开放"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wénzì gǎigé",
"word": "文字改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mínzhǔ gǎigé",
"word": "民主改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèhuì gǎigé",
"word": "社會改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shèhuì gǎigé",
"word": "社会改革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yīgǎi",
"word": "醫改"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yīgǎi",
"word": "医改"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "改革"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "改%革",
"2": "かい%かく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "개혁(改革)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "改革",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cải cách",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "改革"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "改革",
"2": "かい%かく",
"3": "개혁",
"4": "cải cách",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "改革",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "改革",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "改%革",
"v": "改革",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かい%かく",
"3": "개혁",
"4": "cải cách",
"j": "改%革"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chuàngxīn",
"word": "創新"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chuàngxīn",
"word": "创新"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "biàngé",
"word": "變革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "biàngé",
"word": "变革"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "géxīn",
"word": "革新"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to realize reform",
"roman": "shíxiàn gǎigé",
"text": "實現改革／实现改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to deepen reform",
"roman": "shēnhuà gǎigé",
"text": "深化改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to promote reform",
"roman": "cùjìn gǎigé",
"text": "促進改革／促进改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "herald of reform",
"roman": "gǎigé de xiānshēng",
"text": "改革的先聲／改革的先声",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to implement a reform plan",
"roman": "shíshī gǎigé fāng'àn",
"text": "實施改革方案／实施改革方案",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reform"
],
"id": "en-改革-zh-verb-yWbhcYga",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"id": "en-改革-zh-verb-WB4OyXXt",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) to change"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄍㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gaak³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-kiet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kiak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-ko²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-gé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaeger"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гайгэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gajgɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói gaak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gaak⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gag³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-kiet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi` gied`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi³ giad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ ki̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kik"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kay'keg"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kiak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kay'kiag"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kói kek"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kojX keak"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ ki̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²/"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいかく"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) • (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reform, improvement"
],
"id": "en-改革-ja-noun-V68geMWK",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaizen",
"ruby": [
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"word": "改善"
},
{
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改正",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改正"
},
{
"roman": "kaishin",
"ruby": [
[
"改新",
"かいしん"
]
],
"word": "改新"
},
{
"roman": "kakushin",
"ruby": [
[
"革新",
"かくしん"
]
],
"word": "革新"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"roman": "kaikaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"roman": "kaikaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改革して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reform"
],
"id": "en-改革-ja-verb-0WStMM1h",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehyeok",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개혁",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "개혁"
},
"expansion": "改革 • (gaehyeok) (hangeul 개혁)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "reform",
"word": "개혁"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 개혁 (“reform”)."
],
"id": "en-改革-ko-noun-Kou~jKEH",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"개혁",
"개혁#Korean"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cải cách (“reform”)."
],
"id": "en-改革-vi-noun-LFhOlBI5",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cải cách",
"cải cách#Vietnamese"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"zh:Politics"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tǔdì gǎigé",
"word": "土地改革"
},
{
"roman": "tǔgǎi",
"word": "土改"
},
{
"roman": "fánggǎi",
"word": "房改"
},
{
"roman": "gǎigézōng",
"word": "改革宗"
},
{
"roman": "gǎigépài",
"word": "改革派"
},
{
"roman": "Gǎigé Kāifàng",
"word": "改革開放"
},
{
"roman": "Gǎigé Kāifàng",
"word": "改革开放"
},
{
"roman": "wénzì gǎigé",
"word": "文字改革"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhǔ gǎigé",
"word": "民主改革"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì gǎigé",
"word": "社會改革"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì gǎigé",
"word": "社会改革"
},
{
"roman": "yīgǎi",
"word": "醫改"
},
{
"roman": "yīgǎi",
"word": "医改"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "改革"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "改%革",
"2": "かい%かく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "개혁(改革)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "改革",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cải cách",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "改革"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "改革",
"2": "かい%かく",
"3": "개혁",
"4": "cải cách",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "改革",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "改革",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "改%革",
"v": "改革",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かい%かく",
"3": "개혁",
"4": "cải cách",
"j": "改%革"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (改革):\n* → Japanese: 改(かい)革(かく) (kaikaku)\n* → Korean: 개혁(改革) (gaehyeok)\n* → Vietnamese: cải cách (改革)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "chuàngxīn",
"word": "創新"
},
{
"roman": "chuàngxīn",
"word": "创新"
},
{
"roman": "biàngé",
"word": "變革"
},
{
"roman": "biàngé",
"word": "变革"
},
{
"roman": "géxīn",
"word": "革新"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to realize reform",
"roman": "shíxiàn gǎigé",
"text": "實現改革／实现改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to deepen reform",
"roman": "shēnhuà gǎigé",
"text": "深化改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to promote reform",
"roman": "cùjìn gǎigé",
"text": "促進改革／促进改革",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "herald of reform",
"roman": "gǎigé de xiānshēng",
"text": "改革的先聲／改革的先声",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to implement a reform plan",
"roman": "shíshī gǎigé fāng'àn",
"text": "實施改革方案／实施改革方案",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reform"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) to change"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄍㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gaak³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-kiet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kek"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kiak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎigé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-ko²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-gé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaeger"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гайгэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gajgɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói gaak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gaak⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² gag³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-kiet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi` gied`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi³ giad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ ki̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kik"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kay'keg"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-kiak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kay'kiag"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kói kek"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kojX keak"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ kaːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ ki̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ kek̚²/"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいかく"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) • (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reform, improvement"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaizen",
"ruby": [
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"word": "改善"
},
{
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改正",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改正"
},
{
"roman": "kaishin",
"ruby": [
[
"改新",
"かいしん"
]
],
"word": "改新"
},
{
"roman": "kakushin",
"ruby": [
[
"革新",
"かくしん"
]
],
"word": "革新"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"roman": "kaikaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"roman": "kaikaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改革して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reform"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehyeok",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개혁",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "개혁"
},
"expansion": "改革 • (gaehyeok) (hangeul 개혁)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "reform",
"word": "개혁"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 개혁 (“reform”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"개혁",
"개혁#Korean"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改革",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cải cách (“reform”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cải cách",
"cải cách#Vietnamese"
],
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.