See 改革 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいかく"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) • (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reform, improvement"
],
"id": "en-改革-ja-noun-V68geMWK",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaizen",
"ruby": [
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"word": "改善"
},
{
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改正",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改正"
},
{
"roman": "kaishin",
"ruby": [
[
"改新",
"かいしん"
]
],
"word": "改新"
},
{
"roman": "kakushin",
"ruby": [
[
"革新",
"かくしん"
]
],
"word": "革新"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"roman": "kaikaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"roman": "kaikaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改革して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reform"
],
"id": "en-改革-ja-verb-0WStMM1h",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいかく"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)革(かく) • (kaikaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reform, improvement"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaizen",
"ruby": [
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"word": "改善"
},
{
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改正",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改正"
},
{
"roman": "kaishin",
"ruby": [
[
"改新",
"かいしん"
]
],
"word": "改新"
},
{
"roman": "kakushin",
"ruby": [
[
"革新",
"かくしん"
]
],
"word": "革新"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改革する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"roman": "kaikaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"roman": "kaikaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"革",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改革し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改革しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改革します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改革した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改革して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改革すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいかくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaikaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reform"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かいかく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ika̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "改革"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 改革 meaning in Japanese (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"改革"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改革",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.