See 努 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 努 meaning in All languages combined (16.4kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"努 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女水大尸 (VEKS), four-corner 4742₇, composition ⿱奴力)"
],
"id": "en-努-mul-character-xxPeDbCR",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"奴",
"奴#Translingual"
],
[
"力",
"力#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "共同努力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努傷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努伤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔkè",
"word": "努克"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǔlì",
"word": "努力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努勁兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努劲儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǔzuǐ",
"word": "努嘴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔkù'āluòfǎ",
"word": "努庫阿洛法"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔkù'āluòfǎ",
"word": "努库阿洛法"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔ'ěrhāchì",
"word": "努爾哈赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔ'ěrhāchì",
"word": "努尔哈赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努牙突嘴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔwǎkèxiàotè",
"word": "努瓦克肖特"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努目撐眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努目撑眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努目訕筋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努目讪筋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努睛突眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努筋拔力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔnàwǔtè",
"word": "努納武特"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Nǔnàwǔtè",
"word": "努纳武特"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努脣脹嘴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努唇胀嘴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "努著"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "唐努山"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "撐眉努眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "撑眉努眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Wǎnǔ'ātú",
"word": "瓦努阿圖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Wǎnǔ'ātú",
"word": "瓦努阿图"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "發憤努力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "发愤努力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "苫眉努目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "金剛努目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "金刚努目"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*nwar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "nawr",
"3": "",
"4": "push, thrust, urge, compel, attack"
},
"expansion": "Mizo nawr (“push, thrust, urge, compel, attack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "nawrh",
"3": "",
"4": "to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended"
},
"expansion": "Mizo nawrh (“to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar; cognate with Mizo nawr (“push, thrust, urge, compel, attack”) < nɔɔr & Mizo nawrh (“to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended”) < nuar ~ nɔrʔ ~ nɔrh, & Khami *nuar \"get angry\" (Schuessler, 2007).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "努",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 4 23 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make an effort",
"roman": "nǔlì",
"text": "努力"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to exert; to strive; to make an effort"
],
"id": "en-努-zh-character-QTsKtcn8",
"links": [
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bulge; to pout"
],
"id": "en-努-zh-character-FeZMPUvO",
"links": [
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"pout",
"pout"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to inure oneself through overexertion"
],
"id": "en-努-zh-character-JihX2I6-",
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"overexertion",
"overexertion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to inure oneself through overexertion"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "努屎 [Cantonese] ― nou⁵ si² [Jyutping] ― to strain to poop"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles to increase the pressure within the abdomen"
],
"id": "en-努-zh-character-BOXJWHGT",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"contract",
"contract"
],
[
"abdominal",
"abdominal"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles to increase the pressure within the abdomen"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "nū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ló͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lǒ͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nǒ͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "no³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ну"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "nu"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nóuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/nou̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ⁿdu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "nū"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡu³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "nor"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lor"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lǒo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nǒo"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "nò"
},
{
"ipa": "/no²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nu^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/nu²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*naːʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ ló͘ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nou̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ⁿdu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/no²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²³/"
},
{
"other": "/*naːʔ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Khumi language"
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-努-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "努",
"sort": "と'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "do",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "ど"
},
"expansion": "努(ど) • (do)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"work, toil"
],
"id": "en-努-ja-affix-BAf2U0by",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ど"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "努",
"sort": "と'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "do",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ど"
},
"expansion": "努(ど) • (do)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "the first of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "soku",
"ruby": [
[
"側",
"そく"
]
],
"word": "側"
},
{
"english": "the second of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "roku",
"ruby": [
[
"勒",
"ろく"
]
],
"word": "勒"
},
{
"english": "the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "teki",
"ruby": [
[
"趯",
"てき"
]
],
"word": "趯"
},
{
"english": "the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "saku",
"ruby": [
[
"策",
"さく"
]
],
"word": "策"
},
{
"english": "the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "ryaku",
"ruby": [
[
"掠",
"りゃく"
]
],
"word": "掠"
},
{
"english": "the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "taku",
"ruby": [
[
"啄",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "啄"
},
{
"english": "the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "taku",
"ruby": [
[
"磔",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "磔"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the third of the Eight Principles of Yong"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "Eiji Happō",
"ruby": [
[
"永",
"えい"
],
[
"字",
"じ"
],
[
"八",
"はっ"
],
[
"法",
"ぽう"
]
],
"word": "永字八法"
}
],
"id": "en-努-ja-noun-~r-bzbSS"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ど"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努む",
"tr": "tsutomu"
},
"expansion": "努む (tsutomu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努める",
"3": "",
"4": "to work, to toil",
"tr": "tsutomeru"
},
"expansion": "努める (tsutomeru, “to work, to toil”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of the classical Japanese verb 努む (tsutomu) (modern 努める (tsutomeru, “to work, to toil”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "努(つとむ) • (Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 68 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 70 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 67 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 70 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-努-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞mɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "힘쓸 노",
"roman": "himsseul no",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "힘쓰다",
"2": "힘쓸",
"3": "노"
},
"expansion": "努 (eumhun 힘쓸 노 (himsseul no))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "exertion; striving; making an effort",
"word": "노"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "努力",
"english": "effort",
"roman": "noryeok",
"word": "노력"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 노 (“exertion; striving; making an effort”)."
],
"id": "en-努-ko-character-Uw3WEoLw",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"노",
"노#Korean"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"striving",
"striving"
],
[
"making an effort",
"making an effort"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nỗ",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-努-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "共同努力"
},
{
"word": "努傷"
},
{
"word": "努伤"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔkè",
"word": "努克"
},
{
"roman": "nǔlì",
"word": "努力"
},
{
"word": "努勁兒"
},
{
"word": "努劲儿"
},
{
"roman": "nǔzuǐ",
"word": "努嘴"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔkù'āluòfǎ",
"word": "努庫阿洛法"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔkù'āluòfǎ",
"word": "努库阿洛法"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔ'ěrhāchì",
"word": "努爾哈赤"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔ'ěrhāchì",
"word": "努尔哈赤"
},
{
"word": "努牙突嘴"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔwǎkèxiàotè",
"word": "努瓦克肖特"
},
{
"word": "努目"
},
{
"word": "努目撐眉"
},
{
"word": "努目撑眉"
},
{
"word": "努目訕筋"
},
{
"word": "努目讪筋"
},
{
"word": "努睛突眼"
},
{
"word": "努筋拔力"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔnàwǔtè",
"word": "努納武特"
},
{
"roman": "Nǔnàwǔtè",
"word": "努纳武特"
},
{
"word": "努脣脹嘴"
},
{
"word": "努唇胀嘴"
},
{
"word": "努著"
},
{
"word": "唐努山"
},
{
"word": "撐眉努眼"
},
{
"word": "撑眉努眼"
},
{
"roman": "Wǎnǔ'ātú",
"word": "瓦努阿圖"
},
{
"roman": "Wǎnǔ'ātú",
"word": "瓦努阿图"
},
{
"word": "發憤努力"
},
{
"word": "发愤努力"
},
{
"word": "苫眉努目"
},
{
"word": "金剛努目"
},
{
"word": "金刚努目"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*nwar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "nawr",
"3": "",
"4": "push, thrust, urge, compel, attack"
},
"expansion": "Mizo nawr (“push, thrust, urge, compel, attack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "nawrh",
"3": "",
"4": "to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended"
},
"expansion": "Mizo nawrh (“to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar; cognate with Mizo nawr (“push, thrust, urge, compel, attack”) < nɔɔr & Mizo nawrh (“to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended”) < nuar ~ nɔrʔ ~ nɔrh, & Khami *nuar \"get angry\" (Schuessler, 2007).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "努",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make an effort",
"roman": "nǔlì",
"text": "努力"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to exert; to strive; to make an effort"
],
"links": [
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bulge; to pout"
],
"links": [
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"pout",
"pout"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to inure oneself through overexertion"
],
"links": [
[
"inure",
"inure"
],
[
"overexertion",
"overexertion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to inure oneself through overexertion"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese Chinese",
"Cantonese terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "努屎 [Cantonese] ― nou⁵ si² [Jyutping] ― to strain to poop"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles to increase the pressure within the abdomen"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"contract",
"contract"
],
[
"abdominal",
"abdominal"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles to increase the pressure within the abdomen"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "nū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ló͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lǒ͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nǒ͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "no³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ну"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "nu"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nóuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nou⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/nou̯¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ⁿdu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "nu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "nū"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡu³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "nor"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lor"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lǒo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nǒo"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "nò"
},
{
"ipa": "/no²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nu^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/nu²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*naːʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ ló͘ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nou̯¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ⁿdu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nˡu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ̃²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/no²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu²³/"
},
{
"other": "/*naːʔ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Khumi language"
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 4 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ぬ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ど",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading つと-む",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading つと-める",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 努",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 努",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "努",
"sort": "と'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "do",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "ど"
},
"expansion": "努(ど) • (do)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"work, toil"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ど"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 努",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "the first of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "soku",
"ruby": [
[
"側",
"そく"
]
],
"word": "側"
},
{
"english": "the second of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "roku",
"ruby": [
[
"勒",
"ろく"
]
],
"word": "勒"
},
{
"english": "the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "teki",
"ruby": [
[
"趯",
"てき"
]
],
"word": "趯"
},
{
"english": "the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "saku",
"ruby": [
[
"策",
"さく"
]
],
"word": "策"
},
{
"english": "the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "ryaku",
"ruby": [
[
"掠",
"りゃく"
]
],
"word": "掠"
},
{
"english": "the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "taku",
"ruby": [
[
"啄",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "啄"
},
{
"english": "the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "taku",
"ruby": [
[
"磔",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "磔"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "努",
"sort": "と'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 努 (nuo^X)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "do",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ど"
},
"expansion": "努(ど) • (do)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "the Eight Principles of Yong",
"roman": "Eiji Happō",
"ruby": [
[
"永",
"えい"
],
[
"字",
"じ"
],
[
"八",
"はっ"
],
[
"法",
"ぽう"
]
],
"word": "永字八法"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the third of the Eight Principles of Yong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ど"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 努",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努む",
"tr": "tsutomu"
},
"expansion": "努む (tsutomu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努める",
"3": "",
"4": "to work, to toil",
"tr": "tsutomeru"
},
"expansion": "努める (tsutomeru, “to work, to toil”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of the classical Japanese verb 努む (tsutomu) (modern 努める (tsutomeru, “to work, to toil”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "努",
"ruby": [
[
"努",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "努(つとむ) • (Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝto̞mɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "努力",
"english": "effort",
"roman": "noryeok",
"word": "노력"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "힘쓸 노",
"roman": "himsseul no",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "힘쓰다",
"2": "힘쓸",
"3": "노"
},
"expansion": "努 (eumhun 힘쓸 노 (himsseul no))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "exertion; striving; making an effort",
"word": "노"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 노 (“exertion; striving; making an effort”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"노",
"노#Korean"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"striving",
"striving"
],
[
"making an effort",
"making an effort"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"努 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女水大尸 (VEKS), four-corner 4742₇, composition ⿱奴力)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"奴",
"奴#Translingual"
],
[
"力",
"力#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nỗ",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "努"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": "started on line 78, detected on line 88"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": "started on line 78, detected on line 88"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"努"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "努",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.