See 凹 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 凹 meaning in All languages combined (37.9kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"凹 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸尸山 (SSU), four-corner 7777₀, composition ⿶凵⿰㇅⿱一丨)"
],
"id": "en-凹-mul-character-wdlhwcM0",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"凵",
"凵#Translingual"
],
[
"㇅",
"㇅#Translingual"
],
[
"一",
"一#Translingual"
],
[
"丨",
"丨#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "convex",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “concave”",
"word": "凸"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dī'āo",
"word": "低凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "儉腸凹肚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俭肠凹肚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "冷鼻凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āotū",
"word": "凹凸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āotūbùpíng",
"word": "凹凸不平"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āotūyǒuzhì",
"word": "凹凸有致"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āodì",
"word": "凹地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹字"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹心硯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹心砚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹心臉兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹心脸儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āobǎn",
"word": "凹版"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āobǎn yìnshuā",
"word": "凹版印刷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹版畫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹版画"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹狀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "凹状"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹腰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"word": "凹透鏡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"word": "凹透镜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āoxiàn",
"word": "凹陷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āomiànjìng",
"word": "凹面鏡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "āomiànjìng",
"word": "凹面镜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹鼻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "北潭凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shān'āo",
"word": "山凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "照相凹版"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "窩窩凹凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "窝窝凹凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "wèixiǎo'āo",
"word": "胃小凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "鼻凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "鼻凹糖"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "concave lens",
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"text": "凹透鏡／凹透镜",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "凹頭／凹头 [Cantonese] ― aau³ tau⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― Au Tau (a place in Yuen Long District, Hong Kong)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concave; hollow; sunken; dented"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-cUlnB1vQ",
"links": [
[
"concave",
"concave"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"dented",
"dented"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 45 15 3 4 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The bed sunk in the middle.",
"roman": "Chuáng zhōngjiān āo xià qù.",
"text": "床中間凹下去。／床中间凹下去。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "has a dent in the middle",
"ref": "中間凹咗落去 [Cantonese, trad.]",
"text": "中间凹咗落去 [Cantonese, simp.]\nzung¹ gaan¹ nap¹ zo² lok⁶ heoi³ [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cave in; to be sunken; to dent; to be concave"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-xxmToQ9U",
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "mountain cave",
"roman": "shān'āo",
"text": "山凹",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "酒凹 [Cantonese] ― zau² nap¹ [Jyutping] ― dimple",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There's a depression on that road, you have to be more careful.",
"ref": "彼條路中央有一凹，你著愛較細膩咧。 [Hokkien, trad.]",
"text": "彼条路中央有一凹，你着爱较细腻咧。 [Hokkien, simp.]\nHit tiâu lō͘ tiong-ng ū chi̍t nah, lí tio̍h-ài khah sè-jī leh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indentation; depression"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-1o0LcD1w",
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "āo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yāo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "wa⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ye²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nap¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "aau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "âu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "āo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ao"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "āu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ао"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yāo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yao"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "iau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "jao"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ua²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nāp"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "aau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nap⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "aau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "neb¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ao³"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɐp̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "âu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/au̯²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "aw"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "naq"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lab"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "'eap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qriːw/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qriːb/"
},
{
"other": "/ nah /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ua²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɐp̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aːu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au̯²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*qriːw/"
},
{
"other": "/*qriːb/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wā",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"extra": "wā",
"word": "洼"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "賈平凹／贾平凹 ― Jiǎ Píngwā ― Jia Pingwa (a Chinese writer)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 窪／洼 (wā)"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-sG-9wreH",
"links": [
[
"窪",
"窪#Chinese"
],
[
"洼",
"洼#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "waa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ва"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "va"
},
{
"ipa": "/wä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "waa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/waː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𠱃"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 𠱃"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-0B-YMFCf",
"links": [
[
"𠱃",
"𠱃#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠱃"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nip¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nīp"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nip⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nib¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/niːp̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/niːp̚⁵/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zhangzhou Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His/her entire face is covered with swollen mosquito bites.",
"ref": "規面攏是予蠓仔咬的凹。 [Hokkien, trad.]",
"text": "规面拢是予蠓仔咬的凹。 [Hokkien, simp.]\nKui bīn lóng sī hō͘ báng-á kā ê nah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swollen bumps on the skin"
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-y9637VWv",
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zhangzhou Hokkien) swollen bumps on the skin"
],
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zhangzhou Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His face was bit by the mosquito with one swollen bump.",
"ref": "面予蠓仔咬一凹。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Bīn hō͘ báng-á kā chi̍t nah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Classifier for swollen bumps on the skin."
],
"id": "en-凹-zh-character-oaEZ-lDR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for swollen bumps on the skin."
],
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "naq"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inequality"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凹"
},
"expansion": "凹 (MC 'eap)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 凹 (MC 'eap). Compare modern Mandarin reading āo, Min Nan au.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "afu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "あふ",
"roman": "afu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "おう",
"hhira": "あふ"
},
"expansion": "凹(おう) • (ō) ^(←あふ (afu)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 0 7 18 12 6 4 12 6 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "a reflex angle",
"roman": "ōkaku",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "凹角"
},
{
"english": "a die or other three-dimensional shape having a concave cross-section",
"roman": "ōgata",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"型",
"がた"
]
],
"word": "凹型"
},
{
"english": "a concave shape",
"roman": "ōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "凹形"
},
{
"roman": "ōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"状",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "凹状: concavity"
},
{
"english": "a polygon with at least one internal reflex angle",
"roman": "ō takakukei",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"多",
"た"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "凹多角形"
},
{
"english": "an area where the ground is noticeable lower than the surrounding area",
"roman": "ōchi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "凹地"
},
{
"roman": "ōtotsu",
"word": "凹凸: bumpiness"
},
{
"word": "unevenness"
},
{
"word": "variation"
},
{
"word": "ups and downs"
},
{
"roman": "ōtotsu ga",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"word": "凹凸画: a style of Sui-Dynasty wall painting using trompe l'œil techniques to look three-dimensional"
},
{
"english": "a concavo-convex lens",
"roman": "ōtotsu renzu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"凸",
"とつ"
]
],
"word": "凹凸レンズ"
},
{
"roman": "ōhan",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
]
],
"word": "凹版: an intaglio"
},
{
"english": "intaglio printing",
"roman": "ōhan insatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
],
[
"印",
"いん"
],
[
"刷",
"さつ"
]
],
"word": "凹版印刷"
},
{
"english": "a concave surface",
"roman": "ōmen",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "凹面"
},
{
"english": "a concave mirror",
"roman": "ōmenkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
],
[
"鏡",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "凹面鏡"
},
{
"roman": "jun'ō",
"ruby": [
[
"準",
"じゅん"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "準凹: quasiconcavity"
},
{
"roman": "dekoboko",
"word": "凸凹: bumpiness"
},
{
"english": "an uneven scar",
"roman": "totsuō hankon",
"ruby": [
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"瘢",
"はん"
],
[
"痕",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "凸凹瘢痕"
},
{
"english": "a convexo-concave lens",
"roman": "totsuō renzu",
"ruby": [
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "凸凹レンズ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concave"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-affix-jjB-E-dx",
"links": [
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おー"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kuboi",
"word": "凹い: hollowed out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "indented"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "of low status"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪か"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kuboka",
"word": "凹か: hollowed out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "physically",
"word": "depressed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "low"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪む"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kubomu",
"word": "凹む: to become hollowed out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to hollow out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "indent something"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to sink inwardly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to collapse inwardly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to fall upon hard time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to become poor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see below",
"roman": "kubomi",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼみ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼみ"
]
],
"word": "窪み, 窪, 凹み, 凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪まる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kubomaru",
"word": "凹まる: to become hollowed out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to squat for a while"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to sink into a crouch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪める"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kubomeru",
"word": "凹める: to make something sink"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "collapse inwardly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to dent something"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to make something into a hollowed out shape"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窪やか"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kuboyaka",
"word": "凹やか: hollowed out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "in a hollowed out or indented way",
"roman": "kubokubo",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "窪窪, 凹凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a hollow, a dip, a depression or low spot in the ground",
"roman": "kubochi",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "窪地, 凹地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a paddy or wet field in a low place",
"roman": "kubota",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"田",
"た"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"田",
"た"
]
],
"word": "窪田, 凹田"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "deep-set eye, sunken eyes",
"roman": "kubome",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"眼",
"め"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"眼",
"め"
]
],
"word": "窪目, 窪眼, 凹目, 凹眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a low place where water tends to gather",
"roman": "kubotamari",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"溜",
"たまり"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"溜",
"たまり"
]
],
"word": "窪溜, 凹溜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a dimple, particularly one from smiling",
"roman": "ekubo",
"ruby": [
[
"笑",
"え"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"靨",
"えくぼ"
]
],
"word": "笑窪, 靨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a surname",
"roman": "Ōkubo",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"久保",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "大窪, 大久保"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a dip in the floor or ground",
"roman": "ochikubo",
"ruby": [
[
"落",
"おち"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"落",
"お"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "落窪, 落ち窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "手窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tekubo",
"word": "手凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "手の窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "te no kubo",
"word": "手の凹: a cupped hand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a rice ball"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "eat rice by hand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a one-night stand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a fling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "short-term romance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see below",
"roman": "nakakubo",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"なかくぼ"
]
],
"word": "中窪, 凹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bon no kubo",
"word": "盆の窪: the hollow of the nape of the neck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a hairstyle for infant in the Edo period"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shaving the whole head except for a small area on the nape of the neck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "目窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mekubo",
"word": "目凹: sunken eye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a person with sunken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "deep-set eyes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"sort": "くぼ"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "darkness",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "interior"
},
"expansion": "interior",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "雲",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud",
"tr": "kumo"
},
"expansion": "雲 (kumo, “cloud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蜘蛛",
"3": "",
"4": "spider",
"tr": "kumo"
},
"expansion": "蜘蛛 (kumo, “spider”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "隈",
"3": "",
"4": "a recess, a deep interior corner",
"tr": "kuma"
},
"expansion": "隈 (kuma, “a recess, a deep interior corner”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "黒",
"3": "",
"4": "black",
"tr": "kuro"
},
"expansion": "黒 (kuro, “black”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "暗",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness",
"tr": "kura"
},
"expansion": "暗 (kura, “darkness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "黒"
},
"expansion": "黒",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Sound similarities might suggest a connection to words related to darkness or deep interior, such as 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), 蜘蛛 (kumo, “spider”), 隈 (kuma, “a recess, a deep interior corner”), 黒 (kuro, “black”), 暗 (kura, “darkness”); more at 黒. Alternately, these broad similarities might be pure coincidence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼ"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼ) • (kubo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an area with sides higher than the center: an indentation, a depression, a dip, a divot, a hole"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-N~3IeOir",
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dip",
"dip"
],
[
"divot",
"divot"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "凹み"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 8 24 13 2 2 13 6 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 6 35 13 3 2 13 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 6 35 13 3 2 13 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 0 7 18 12 6 4 12 6 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 7 32 14 3 2 14 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 7 36 13 3 2 13 3 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female genitalia, the vagina"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-t4FzA0aj",
"links": [
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia"
],
[
"vagina",
"vagina"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) female genitalia, the vagina"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"roman": "zenmon",
"sense": "female genitalia",
"word": "前門"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"roman": "manko",
"sense": "female genitalia",
"word": "まんこ"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼ"
},
{
"other": "くぼ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝbo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "窪"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹む",
"3": "",
"4": "to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented",
"tr": "kubomu"
},
"expansion": "凹む (kubomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "びる"
},
"expansion": "びる (biru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹",
"3": "む",
"pos2": "auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">biru</span>) biru",
"sort": "くぼみ",
"t1": "an indentation, a dip",
"t2": "to become like something",
"tr1": "kubo",
"tr2": "mu"
},
"expansion": "凹 (kubo, “an indentation, a dip”) + む (mu, “to become like something”, auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (biru) biru)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun stem of verb 凹む (kubomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself a compound of 凹 (kubo, “an indentation, a dip”) + む (mu, “to become like something”, auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (biru) biru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼみ"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼみ) • (kubomi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 0 7 18 12 6 4 12 6 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kubomi ishi",
"word": "凹石"
},
{
"roman": "kubomi ishi",
"word": "窪石: an artifact from the Jōmon period"
},
{
"word": "consisting of a flat stone with one to several indentations"
},
{
"word": "of uncertain utility but thought to be used to help start fires"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-7gDAOfCA",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"word": "窪"
},
{
"word": "凹み"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝbo̞mʲi]"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "中",
"3": "窪",
"sort": "なかくぼ",
"t1": "inside, inner",
"t2": "pit, indentation",
"tr1": "naka",
"tr2": "kubo"
},
"expansion": "中 (naka, “inside, inner”) + 窪 (kubo, “pit, indentation”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 中 (naka, “inside, inner”) + 窪 (kubo, “pit, indentation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"なかくぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nakakubo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なかくぼ"
},
"expansion": "凹(なかくぼ) • (nakakubo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a sunken center"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-FdcFPvKp",
"links": [
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a place or object with a sunken center"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-h9C9iE8J",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なかくぼ"
},
{
"other": "なかくぼ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ka̠kɯ̟ᵝbo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nakabiku",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"低",
"びく"
]
],
"word": "中低"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "中窪"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹む",
"3": "",
"4": "to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented",
"tr": "hekomu"
},
"expansion": "凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減る",
"3": "",
"4": "to reduce, to decrease, to diminish",
"tr": "heru"
},
"expansion": "減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減る",
"3": "込む",
"alt1": "減り",
"pos1": "noun stem of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">減る</i> (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)",
"sort": "へこみ",
"t2": "to go inwardly",
"tr1": "heri",
"tr2": "komu"
},
"expansion": "減り (heri, noun stem of verb 減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun stem of verb 凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself an abbreviated compound of 減り (heri, noun stem of verb 減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "へこみ"
},
"expansion": "凹(へこみ) • (hekomi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 0 7 18 12 6 4 12 6 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-7gDAOfCA1",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "凹み"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a mistake, and error"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-QlK~Aaco",
"links": [
[
"mistake",
"mistake"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 93 3",
"roman": "shissaku",
"ruby": [
[
"失",
"しっ"
],
[
"策",
"さく"
]
],
"sense": "mistake",
"word": "失策"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 93 3",
"roman": "shippai",
"ruby": [
[
"失",
"しっ"
],
[
"敗",
"ぱい"
]
],
"sense": "mistake",
"word": "失敗"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a moment of weakness or confusion, being at a loss"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-Tl1CV7oE",
"links": [
[
"moment",
"moment"
],
[
"weakness",
"weakness"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"at a loss",
"at a loss"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 95",
"roman": "konwaku",
"ruby": [
[
"困",
"こん"
],
[
"惑",
"わく"
]
],
"sense": "at a loss",
"word": "困惑"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "へこみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[he̞ko̞mʲi]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hekomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"word": "凹み"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inequality"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ぼこぼこ",
"3": "",
"4": "full of holes; hollowly",
"tr": "bokoboko"
},
"expansion": "ぼこぼこ (bokoboko, “full of holes; hollowly”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掘る",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig, to dig out",
"tr": "horu"
},
"expansion": "掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "そこ",
"3": "",
"4": "there",
"tr": "soko"
},
"expansion": "そこ (soko, “there”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端っこ",
"3": "",
"4": "edge, end, tip",
"tr": "hashikko"
},
"expansion": "端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ぼ",
"3": "こ",
"pos1": "uncertain; possibly related to verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">掘る</i> (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)",
"pos2": "suffixing element seen in other words such as <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">そこ</i> (soko, “there”) or <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">端っこ</i> (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)",
"sort": "ほこ'",
"t1": "empty?",
"t2": "place",
"tr1": "bo",
"tr2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "ぼ (bo, “empty?”, uncertain; possibly related to verb 掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element seen in other words such as そこ (soko, “there”) or 端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”))",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凸",
"3": "",
"4": "protrusion",
"tr": "deko"
},
"expansion": "凸 (deko, “protrusion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "出",
"3": "",
"4": "coming out",
"tr": "de"
},
"expansion": "出 (de, “coming out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "こ",
"3": "",
"4": "place",
"pos": "suffixing element",
"tr": "ko"
},
"expansion": "こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic from the sound of a wheel bouncing in a rut or pothole, or from the sound of something hollow when tapped. Compare adverb ぼこぼこ (bokoboko, “full of holes; hollowly”).\nAlternately, may be compound of ぼ (bo, “empty?”, uncertain; possibly related to verb 掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element seen in other words such as そこ (soko, “there”) or 端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)). Compare 凸 (deko, “protrusion”), likely a compound of 出 (de, “coming out”) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"ぼこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "boko",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぼこ"
},
"expansion": "凹(ぼこ) • (boko)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 0 7 18 12 6 4 12 6 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bokoboko",
"word": "ぼこぼこ: unevenly"
},
{
"word": "bumpily"
},
{
"word": "pitted"
},
{
"english": "in multiple places",
"word": "dented"
},
{
"word": "full of hole"
},
{
"word": "hollowly"
},
{
"english": "a hole, a rut, a pothole",
"roman": "anaboko",
"ruby": [
[
"穴",
"あな"
]
],
"word": "穴ぼこ"
},
{
"roman": "dekoboko",
"word": "凸凹: unevenness"
},
{
"word": "bumpiness"
},
{
"word": "jaggedness"
},
{
"word": "disparity"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an indentation, a dip or divot, a hollow, a dent in a surface"
],
"id": "en-凹-ja-noun-N6XORHCL",
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"dip",
"dip"
],
[
"divot",
"divot"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぼこ"
},
{
"ipa": "[bo̞ko̞]"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "오목할 요",
"roman": "omokhal yo",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "오목하다",
"2": "오목할",
"3": "요"
},
"expansion": "凹 (eumhun 오목할 요 (omokhal yo))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-凹-ko-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ao",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-凹-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "convex",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “concave”",
"word": "凸"
}
],
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dī'āo",
"word": "低凹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "儉腸凹肚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俭肠凹肚"
},
{
"word": "冷鼻凹"
},
{
"word": "凹下"
},
{
"roman": "āotū",
"word": "凹凸"
},
{
"roman": "āotūbùpíng",
"word": "凹凸不平"
},
{
"roman": "āotūyǒuzhì",
"word": "凹凸有致"
},
{
"roman": "āodì",
"word": "凹地"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹字"
},
{
"word": "凹心硯"
},
{
"word": "凹心砚"
},
{
"word": "凹心臉兒"
},
{
"word": "凹心脸儿"
},
{
"roman": "āobǎn",
"word": "凹版"
},
{
"roman": "āobǎn yìnshuā",
"word": "凹版印刷"
},
{
"word": "凹版畫"
},
{
"word": "凹版画"
},
{
"word": "凹狀"
},
{
"word": "凹状"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹腰"
},
{
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"word": "凹透鏡"
},
{
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"word": "凹透镜"
},
{
"roman": "āoxiàn",
"word": "凹陷"
},
{
"roman": "āomiànjìng",
"word": "凹面鏡"
},
{
"roman": "āomiànjìng",
"word": "凹面镜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "凹鼻"
},
{
"word": "北潭凹"
},
{
"roman": "shān'āo",
"word": "山凹"
},
{
"word": "照相凹版"
},
{
"word": "窩窩凹凹"
},
{
"word": "窝窝凹凹"
},
{
"roman": "wèixiǎo'āo",
"word": "胃小凹"
},
{
"word": "鼻凹"
},
{
"word": "鼻凹糖"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "concave lens",
"roman": "āotòujìng",
"text": "凹透鏡／凹透镜",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "凹頭／凹头 [Cantonese] ― aau³ tau⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― Au Tau (a place in Yuen Long District, Hong Kong)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concave; hollow; sunken; dented"
],
"links": [
[
"concave",
"concave"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"dented",
"dented"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The bed sunk in the middle.",
"roman": "Chuáng zhōngjiān āo xià qù.",
"text": "床中間凹下去。／床中间凹下去。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "has a dent in the middle",
"ref": "中間凹咗落去 [Cantonese, trad.]",
"text": "中间凹咗落去 [Cantonese, simp.]\nzung¹ gaan¹ nap¹ zo² lok⁶ heoi³ [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cave in; to be sunken; to dent; to be concave"
],
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with usage examples",
"Hokkien terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "mountain cave",
"roman": "shān'āo",
"text": "山凹",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "酒凹 [Cantonese] ― zau² nap¹ [Jyutping] ― dimple",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There's a depression on that road, you have to be more careful.",
"ref": "彼條路中央有一凹，你著愛較細膩咧。 [Hokkien, trad.]",
"text": "彼条路中央有一凹，你着爱较细腻咧。 [Hokkien, simp.]\nHit tiâu lō͘ tiong-ng ū chi̍t nah, lí tio̍h-ài khah sè-jī leh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indentation; depression"
],
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "āo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yāo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "wa⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ye²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nap¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "aau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "âu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "āo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ao"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "āu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ао"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ao"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yāo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yao"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yao¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yāu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "iau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яо"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "jao"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ua²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nāp"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "aau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nap⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "aau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "neb¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ao³"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɐp̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "âu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "au¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/au̯²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "aw"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "naq"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lab"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "au"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "'eap"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qriːw/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qriːb/"
},
{
"other": "/ nah /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ua²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɐp̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aːu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au̯²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lap̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/au³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*qriːw/"
},
{
"other": "/*qriːb/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wā",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"extra": "wā",
"word": "洼"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "賈平凹／贾平凹 ― Jiǎ Píngwā ― Jia Pingwa (a Chinese writer)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 窪／洼 (wā)"
],
"links": [
[
"窪",
"窪#Chinese"
],
[
"洼",
"洼#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "waa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ва"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "va"
},
{
"ipa": "/wä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "waa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/waː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𠱃"
}
],
"categories": [
"Cantonese Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 𠱃"
],
"links": [
[
"𠱃",
"𠱃#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠱃"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "nip¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nīp"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nip⁷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "nib¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/niːp̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/niːp̚⁵/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hokkien terms with usage examples",
"Zhangzhou Hokkien"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His/her entire face is covered with swollen mosquito bites.",
"ref": "規面攏是予蠓仔咬的凹。 [Hokkien, trad.]",
"text": "规面拢是予蠓仔咬的凹。 [Hokkien, simp.]\nKui bīn lóng sī hō͘ báng-á kā ê nah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swollen bumps on the skin"
],
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zhangzhou Hokkien) swollen bumps on the skin"
],
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hokkien terms with usage examples",
"Zhangzhou Hokkien"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His face was bit by the mosquito with one swollen bump.",
"ref": "面予蠓仔咬一凹。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "Bīn hō͘ báng-á kā chi̍t nah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Classifier for swollen bumps on the skin."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for swollen bumps on the skin."
],
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "naq"
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nãʔ³²/"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading よう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading えふ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading あふ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading おう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-い",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-か",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-ます",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-まる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-む",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くぼ-やか",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading なかくぼ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading へこ-む",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ぼこ",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "a reflex angle",
"roman": "ōkaku",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "凹角"
},
{
"english": "a die or other three-dimensional shape having a concave cross-section",
"roman": "ōgata",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"型",
"がた"
]
],
"word": "凹型"
},
{
"english": "a concave shape",
"roman": "ōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "凹形"
},
{
"roman": "ōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"状",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "凹状: concavity"
},
{
"english": "a polygon with at least one internal reflex angle",
"roman": "ō takakukei",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"多",
"た"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "凹多角形"
},
{
"english": "an area where the ground is noticeable lower than the surrounding area",
"roman": "ōchi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "凹地"
},
{
"roman": "ōtotsu",
"word": "凹凸: bumpiness"
},
{
"word": "unevenness"
},
{
"word": "inequality"
},
{
"word": "variation"
},
{
"word": "ups and downs"
},
{
"roman": "ōtotsu ga",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"word": "凹凸画: a style of Sui-Dynasty wall painting using trompe l'œil techniques to look three-dimensional"
},
{
"english": "a concavo-convex lens",
"roman": "ōtotsu renzu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"凸",
"とつ"
]
],
"word": "凹凸レンズ"
},
{
"roman": "ōhan",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
]
],
"word": "凹版: an intaglio"
},
{
"english": "intaglio printing",
"roman": "ōhan insatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"版",
"はん"
],
[
"印",
"いん"
],
[
"刷",
"さつ"
]
],
"word": "凹版印刷"
},
{
"english": "a concave surface",
"roman": "ōmen",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "凹面"
},
{
"english": "a concave mirror",
"roman": "ōmenkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
],
[
"鏡",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "凹面鏡"
},
{
"roman": "jun'ō",
"ruby": [
[
"準",
"じゅん"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "準凹: quasiconcavity"
},
{
"roman": "dekoboko",
"word": "凸凹: bumpiness"
},
{
"english": "an uneven scar",
"roman": "totsuō hankon",
"ruby": [
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
],
[
"瘢",
"はん"
],
[
"痕",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "凸凹瘢痕"
},
{
"english": "a convexo-concave lens",
"roman": "totsuō renzu",
"ruby": [
[
"凸",
"とつ"
],
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "凸凹レンズ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "凹"
},
"expansion": "凹 (MC 'eap)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 凹 (MC 'eap). Compare modern Mandarin reading āo, Min Nan au.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"おう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "afu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "あふ",
"roman": "afu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "おう",
"hhira": "あふ"
},
"expansion": "凹(おう) • (ō) ^(←あふ (afu)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese autological terms"
],
"glosses": [
"concave"
],
"links": [
[
"concave",
"concave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "おー"
},
{
"ipa": "[o̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "窪い"
},
{
"roman": "kuboi",
"word": "凹い: hollowed out"
},
{
"word": "indented"
},
{
"word": "of low status"
},
{
"word": "mean"
},
{
"word": "窪か"
},
{
"roman": "kuboka",
"word": "凹か: hollowed out"
},
{
"english": "physically",
"word": "depressed"
},
{
"word": "low"
},
{
"word": "窪む"
},
{
"roman": "kubomu",
"word": "凹む: to become hollowed out"
},
{
"word": "to hollow out"
},
{
"word": "indent something"
},
{
"word": "to sink inwardly"
},
{
"word": "to collapse inwardly"
},
{
"word": "to fall upon hard time"
},
{
"word": "to become poor"
},
{
"english": "see below",
"roman": "kubomi",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼみ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼみ"
]
],
"word": "窪み, 窪, 凹み, 凹"
},
{
"word": "窪まる"
},
{
"roman": "kubomaru",
"word": "凹まる: to become hollowed out"
},
{
"word": "to squat for a while"
},
{
"word": "to sink into a crouch"
},
{
"word": "窪める"
},
{
"roman": "kubomeru",
"word": "凹める: to make something sink"
},
{
"word": "collapse inwardly"
},
{
"word": "to dent something"
},
{
"word": "to make something into a hollowed out shape"
},
{
"word": "窪やか"
},
{
"roman": "kuboyaka",
"word": "凹やか: hollowed out"
},
{
"english": "in a hollowed out or indented way",
"roman": "kubokubo",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "窪窪, 凹凹"
},
{
"english": "a hollow, a dip, a depression or low spot in the ground",
"roman": "kubochi",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"word": "窪地, 凹地"
},
{
"english": "a paddy or wet field in a low place",
"roman": "kubota",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"田",
"た"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"田",
"た"
]
],
"word": "窪田, 凹田"
},
{
"english": "deep-set eye, sunken eyes",
"roman": "kubome",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"眼",
"め"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"眼",
"め"
]
],
"word": "窪目, 窪眼, 凹目, 凹眼"
},
{
"english": "a low place where water tends to gather",
"roman": "kubotamari",
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"溜",
"たまり"
],
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
],
[
"溜",
"たまり"
]
],
"word": "窪溜, 凹溜"
},
{
"english": "a dimple, particularly one from smiling",
"roman": "ekubo",
"ruby": [
[
"笑",
"え"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"靨",
"えくぼ"
]
],
"word": "笑窪, 靨"
},
{
"english": "a surname",
"roman": "Ōkubo",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"久保",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "大窪, 大久保"
},
{
"english": "a dip in the floor or ground",
"roman": "ochikubo",
"ruby": [
[
"落",
"おち"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"落",
"お"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "落窪, 落ち窪"
},
{
"word": "手窪"
},
{
"roman": "tekubo",
"word": "手凹"
},
{
"word": "手の窪"
},
{
"roman": "te no kubo",
"word": "手の凹: a cupped hand"
},
{
"word": "a rice ball"
},
{
"word": "eat rice by hand"
},
{
"word": "a one-night stand"
},
{
"word": "a fling"
},
{
"word": "short-term romance"
},
{
"english": "see below",
"roman": "nakakubo",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
],
[
"凹",
"なかくぼ"
]
],
"word": "中窪, 凹"
},
{
"roman": "bon no kubo",
"word": "盆の窪: the hollow of the nape of the neck"
},
{
"word": "a hairstyle for infant in the Edo period"
},
{
"word": "shaving the whole head except for a small area on the nape of the neck"
},
{
"word": "目窪"
},
{
"roman": "mekubo",
"word": "目凹: sunken eye"
},
{
"word": "a person with sunken"
},
{
"word": "deep-set eyes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"sort": "くぼ"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "darkness",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "interior"
},
"expansion": "interior",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "雲",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud",
"tr": "kumo"
},
"expansion": "雲 (kumo, “cloud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蜘蛛",
"3": "",
"4": "spider",
"tr": "kumo"
},
"expansion": "蜘蛛 (kumo, “spider”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "隈",
"3": "",
"4": "a recess, a deep interior corner",
"tr": "kuma"
},
"expansion": "隈 (kuma, “a recess, a deep interior corner”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "黒",
"3": "",
"4": "black",
"tr": "kuro"
},
"expansion": "黒 (kuro, “black”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "暗",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness",
"tr": "kura"
},
"expansion": "暗 (kura, “darkness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "黒"
},
"expansion": "黒",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Sound similarities might suggest a connection to words related to darkness or deep interior, such as 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), 蜘蛛 (kumo, “spider”), 隈 (kuma, “a recess, a deep interior corner”), 黒 (kuro, “black”), 暗 (kura, “darkness”); more at 黒. Alternately, these broad similarities might be pure coincidence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼ"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼ) • (kubo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an area with sides higher than the center: an indentation, a depression, a dip, a divot, a hole"
],
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dip",
"dip"
],
[
"divot",
"divot"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"female genitalia, the vagina"
],
"links": [
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia"
],
[
"vagina",
"vagina"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) female genitalia, the vagina"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼ"
},
{
"other": "くぼ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝbo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"sense": "indentation",
"word": "凹み"
},
{
"roman": "zenmon",
"sense": "female genitalia",
"word": "前門"
},
{
"roman": "manko",
"sense": "female genitalia",
"word": "まんこ"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "窪"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kubomi ishi",
"word": "凹石"
},
{
"roman": "kubomi ishi",
"word": "窪石: an artifact from the Jōmon period"
},
{
"word": "consisting of a flat stone with one to several indentations"
},
{
"word": "of uncertain utility but thought to be used to help start fires"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹む",
"3": "",
"4": "to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented",
"tr": "kubomu"
},
"expansion": "凹む (kubomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "びる"
},
"expansion": "びる (biru)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹",
"3": "む",
"pos2": "auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">biru</span>) biru",
"sort": "くぼみ",
"t1": "an indentation, a dip",
"t2": "to become like something",
"tr1": "kubo",
"tr2": "mu"
},
"expansion": "凹 (kubo, “an indentation, a dip”) + む (mu, “to become like something”, auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (biru) biru)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun stem of verb 凹む (kubomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself a compound of 凹 (kubo, “an indentation, a dip”) + む (mu, “to become like something”, auxiliary verb attaching to nouns or adjective stems, cognate with びる (biru) biru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"くぼみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kubomi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くぼみ"
},
"expansion": "凹(くぼみ) • (kubomi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent"
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くぼみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝbo̞mʲi]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"word": "窪"
},
{
"word": "凹み"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "中",
"3": "窪",
"sort": "なかくぼ",
"t1": "inside, inner",
"t2": "pit, indentation",
"tr1": "naka",
"tr2": "kubo"
},
"expansion": "中 (naka, “inside, inner”) + 窪 (kubo, “pit, indentation”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 中 (naka, “inside, inner”) + 窪 (kubo, “pit, indentation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"なかくぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nakakubo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なかくぼ"
},
"expansion": "凹(なかくぼ) • (nakakubo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a sunken center"
],
"links": [
[
"sunken",
"sunken"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a place or object with a sunken center"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なかくぼ"
},
{
"other": "なかくぼ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ka̠kɯ̟ᵝbo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nakabiku",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"低",
"びく"
]
],
"word": "中低"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"窪",
"くぼ"
]
],
"word": "中窪"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凹む",
"3": "",
"4": "to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented",
"tr": "hekomu"
},
"expansion": "凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減る",
"3": "",
"4": "to reduce, to decrease, to diminish",
"tr": "heru"
},
"expansion": "減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "減る",
"3": "込む",
"alt1": "減り",
"pos1": "noun stem of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">減る</i> (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)",
"sort": "へこみ",
"t2": "to go inwardly",
"tr1": "heri",
"tr2": "komu"
},
"expansion": "減り (heri, noun stem of verb 減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun stem of verb 凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow, to become sunken, to become indented”), itself an abbreviated compound of 減り (heri, noun stem of verb 減る (heru, “to reduce, to decrease, to diminish”)) + 込む (komu, “to go inwardly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hekomi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "へこみ"
},
"expansion": "凹(へこみ) • (hekomi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pit, a hollow, a cavity, a depression, a dent"
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a mistake, and error"
],
"links": [
[
"mistake",
"mistake"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a moment of weakness or confusion, being at a loss"
],
"links": [
[
"moment",
"moment"
],
[
"weakness",
"weakness"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"at a loss",
"at a loss"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "へこみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[he̞ko̞mʲi]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "窪み"
},
{
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "窪"
},
{
"roman": "kubomi",
"sense": "hollow",
"word": "凹み"
},
{
"roman": "shissaku",
"ruby": [
[
"失",
"しっ"
],
[
"策",
"さく"
]
],
"sense": "mistake",
"word": "失策"
},
{
"roman": "shippai",
"ruby": [
[
"失",
"しっ"
],
[
"敗",
"ぱい"
]
],
"sense": "mistake",
"word": "失敗"
},
{
"roman": "konwaku",
"ruby": [
[
"困",
"こん"
],
[
"惑",
"わく"
]
],
"sense": "at a loss",
"word": "困惑"
},
{
"roman": "hekomi",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"へこ"
]
],
"word": "凹み"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凹",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bokoboko",
"word": "ぼこぼこ: unevenly"
},
{
"word": "bumpily"
},
{
"word": "pitted"
},
{
"english": "in multiple places",
"word": "dented"
},
{
"word": "full of hole"
},
{
"word": "hollowly"
},
{
"english": "a hole, a rut, a pothole",
"roman": "anaboko",
"ruby": [
[
"穴",
"あな"
]
],
"word": "穴ぼこ"
},
{
"roman": "dekoboko",
"word": "凸凹: unevenness"
},
{
"word": "bumpiness"
},
{
"word": "jaggedness"
},
{
"word": "inequality"
},
{
"word": "disparity"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ぼこぼこ",
"3": "",
"4": "full of holes; hollowly",
"tr": "bokoboko"
},
"expansion": "ぼこぼこ (bokoboko, “full of holes; hollowly”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掘る",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig, to dig out",
"tr": "horu"
},
"expansion": "掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "そこ",
"3": "",
"4": "there",
"tr": "soko"
},
"expansion": "そこ (soko, “there”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端っこ",
"3": "",
"4": "edge, end, tip",
"tr": "hashikko"
},
"expansion": "端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ぼ",
"3": "こ",
"pos1": "uncertain; possibly related to verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">掘る</i> (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)",
"pos2": "suffixing element seen in other words such as <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">そこ</i> (soko, “there”) or <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">端っこ</i> (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)",
"sort": "ほこ'",
"t1": "empty?",
"t2": "place",
"tr1": "bo",
"tr2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "ぼ (bo, “empty?”, uncertain; possibly related to verb 掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element seen in other words such as そこ (soko, “there”) or 端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”))",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "凸",
"3": "",
"4": "protrusion",
"tr": "deko"
},
"expansion": "凸 (deko, “protrusion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "出",
"3": "",
"4": "coming out",
"tr": "de"
},
"expansion": "出 (de, “coming out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "こ",
"3": "",
"4": "place",
"pos": "suffixing element",
"tr": "ko"
},
"expansion": "こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly onomatopoeic from the sound of a wheel bouncing in a rut or pothole, or from the sound of something hollow when tapped. Compare adverb ぼこぼこ (bokoboko, “full of holes; hollowly”).\nAlternately, may be compound of ぼ (bo, “empty?”, uncertain; possibly related to verb 掘る (horu, “to dig, to dig out”)) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element seen in other words such as そこ (soko, “there”) or 端っこ (hashikko, “edge, end, tip”)). Compare 凸 (deko, “protrusion”), likely a compound of 出 (de, “coming out”) + こ (ko, “place”, suffixing element).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "凹",
"ruby": [
[
"凹",
"ぼこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "boko",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぼこ"
},
"expansion": "凹(ぼこ) • (boko)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an indentation, a dip or divot, a hollow, a dent in a surface"
],
"links": [
[
"indentation",
"indentation"
],
[
"dip",
"dip"
],
[
"divot",
"divot"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぼこ"
},
{
"ipa": "[bo̞ko̞]"
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "오목할 요",
"roman": "omokhal yo",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "오목하다",
"2": "오목할",
"3": "요"
},
"expansion": "凹 (eumhun 오목할 요 (omokhal yo))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"凹 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸尸山 (SSU), four-corner 7777₀, composition ⿶凵⿰㇅⿱一丨)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"凵",
"凵#Translingual"
],
[
"㇅",
"㇅#Translingual"
],
[
"一",
"一#Translingual"
],
[
"丨",
"丨#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ao",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凹"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": "started on line 82, detected on line 86"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": "started on line 50, detected on line 86"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "凹",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"凹"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "凹",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.