See 伽羅 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅阿伽嚧"
},
"expansion": "伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कालागुरु"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "多伽羅"
},
"expansion": "多伽羅 (MC ta gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तगर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तगर (tagara)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pinwheel flower"
},
"expansion": "pinwheel flower",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crepe jasmine"
},
"expansion": "crepe jasmine",
"name": "vern"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two leading theories:\n* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (काल (kāla)) agarwood (अगुरु (aguru)) used for incense.\n* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), from Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽罗",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "伽羅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
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{
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{
"_dis": "30 20 25 2 3 1 6 13",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 27 2 2 1 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a form of high-grade agarwood"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-zh-noun-7o2aaUaP",
"links": [
[
"agarwood",
"agarwood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a form of high-grade agarwood"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "奇楠"
},
{
"word": "沉香"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiāluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ciéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻieh²-lo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyé-lwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chyeluo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цело"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "celo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiāluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jialuó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chia¹-lo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyā-lwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jialuo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяло"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjalo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "伽羅"
},
"expansion": "伽羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zra",
"3": "",
"sort": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Gaya [script needed] (kara)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaya [script needed] (kara).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽羅",
"ruby": [
[
"伽",
"か"
],
[
"羅",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "から"
},
"expansion": "伽(か)羅(ら) • (Kara)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "30 20 25 2 3 1 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 27 2 2 1 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 30 8 4 2 6 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "ja:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "Baekje",
"roman": "Kudara",
"ruby": [
[
"百済",
"くだら"
]
],
"word": "百済"
},
{
"english": "Goguryeo",
"roman": "Kōkuri",
"ruby": [
[
"高句麗",
"こうくり"
]
],
"word": "高句麗"
},
{
"english": "Silla",
"roman": "Shiragi",
"ruby": [
[
"新羅",
"しらぎ"
]
],
"word": "新羅"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "(Han dynasty) China; Kara",
"sense": "韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula",
"word": "漢"
},
{
"sense": "韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula",
"word": "by extension of the Korean peninsula further to the Chinese mainland"
},
{
"english": "foreign land",
"roman": "kara",
"sense": "唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”)",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "唐"
},
{
"english": "China",
"sense": "唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”)",
"word": "by extension of"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-name-a-Rrn-1~",
"links": [
[
"grouping",
"grouping"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"south",
"south"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "伽耶"
},
{
"word": "任那"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "から"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gaya confederacy",
"ja:伽耶"
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kyara",
"word": "木所: 伽羅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rakoku",
"word": "羅国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manaban",
"word": "真南蛮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manaka",
"word": "真那伽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sasora",
"word": "佐曽羅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sumotara",
"word": "寸門多羅"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "dark reddish brown color",
"roman": "kyarairo",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"色",
"いろ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅色"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a variety of persimmon noted for its darker skin and sweeter taste",
"roman": "kyaragaki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"柿",
"がき"
]
],
"word": "伽羅柿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "ostentatious, showy, overdone",
"roman": "kyarakusai",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"臭",
"くさ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅臭い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "fine woodwork created using aromatic woods",
"roman": "kyara zaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"細",
"ざい"
],
[
"工",
"く"
]
],
"word": "伽羅細工"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute",
"roman": "kyara dai",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "伽羅代"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a kind of pomade or hair oil made from sesame oil, plant resin, and clove",
"roman": "kyara no abura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の油"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "one's legal wife",
"roman": "kyara no onkata",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"御",
"おん"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の御方"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Japanese yew",
"roman": "kyara no ki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"木",
"き"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute",
"roman": "kyara no ji",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"字",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の字"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense",
"roman": "kyara no makura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の枕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kyara hiyashi",
"word": "伽羅冷: a kind of tin urn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tin-plated box"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "partially filled with water"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "over which agarwood incense is placed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "used in summer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "butterbur stem simmer in soy sauce until dark reddish brown",
"roman": "kyarabuki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"蕗",
"ぶき"
]
],
"word": "伽羅蕗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Japanese yew",
"roman": "kyaraboku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"木",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "伽羅木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense",
"roman": "kyara makura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅枕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "beautiful woman",
"roman": "kyarame",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"女",
"め"
]
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "伽羅女"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kyaramono",
"word": "伽羅者: a flatterer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "an amiable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sociable person who is quick to compliment others"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きやら"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅"
},
"expansion": "伽羅 (MC gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅阿伽嚧"
},
"expansion": "伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कालागुरु",
"sort": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "多伽羅"
},
"expansion": "多伽羅 (MC ta gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तगर",
"sort": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तगर (tagara)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pinwheel flower"
},
"expansion": "pinwheel flower",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crepe jasmine"
},
"expansion": "crepe jasmine",
"name": "vern"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two leading theories, both deriving from Middle Chinese 伽羅 (MC gja la):\n* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (kāla) agarwood tree (aguru) used for incense.\n* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽羅",
"ruby": [
[
"伽",
"きゃ"
],
[
"羅",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "伽(きゃ)羅(ら) • (kyara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "just like a Buddha statue made from agarwood",
"roman": "kyara de tsukutta hotoke dōzen",
"word": "伽羅で作った仏同然: → agarwood only smells nice when burned"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "so making a statue out of agarwood is pointless: something"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "someone of high value"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "but that turns out to be useless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to speak incense",
"roman": "kyara o iu",
"word": "伽羅を言う: → to flatter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to say nice things to flatter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ingratiate someone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to put gold foil on an agarwood Buddha; to put the icing on the cake",
"roman": "kyara no hotoke ni haku oku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"仏",
"ほとけ"
],
[
"箔",
"はく"
],
[
"置",
"お"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の仏に箔置く: → : adding something good on top of something that is already good"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kyara mo takazu he mo kokazu",
"word": "伽羅も焚かず屁もこかず: “not even burning incense"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "not even passing gas” → neither here nor there"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "neither good nor bad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana",
"word": "伽羅木"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 20 25 2 3 1 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 27 2 2 1 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 34 5 4 5 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 31 7 6 7 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 7 5 7 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 41 4 6 2 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 41 4 5 3 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 6 6 7 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 30 8 4 2 6 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "ja:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 伽羅木 (kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-d601CWfS",
"links": [
[
"伽羅木",
"伽羅木#Japanese"
],
[
"Japanese yew",
"Japanese yew"
],
[
"variety",
"variety"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an aromatic tree"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-7Zr2~awV",
"links": [
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"incense, especially when made from such aromatic wood"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-OEi-KCrr",
"links": [
[
"incense",
"incense"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something of high quality, a rarity, a luxury"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-LBBtGkhN",
"links": [
[
"rarity",
"rarity"
],
[
"luxury",
"luxury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) something of high quality, a rarity, a luxury"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during the Edo period, a red-light district slang word for \"money\""
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-kz8~dmqV",
"links": [
[
"red-light district",
"red-light district"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical slang, obsolete) during the Edo period, a red-light district slang word for \"money\""
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 20 25 2 3 1 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 27 2 2 1 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 30 8 4 2 6 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "ja:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flattery, sycophancy"
],
"id": "en-伽羅-ja-noun-zBW~2ACZ",
"links": [
[
"flattery",
"flattery"
],
[
"sycophancy",
"sycophancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きゃら"
},
{
"other": "きゃら"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲa̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Agarwood",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明",
"ja:沈香"
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Conifers"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅阿伽嚧"
},
"expansion": "伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कालागुरु"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "多伽羅"
},
"expansion": "多伽羅 (MC ta gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तगर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तगर (tagara)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pinwheel flower"
},
"expansion": "pinwheel flower",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crepe jasmine"
},
"expansion": "crepe jasmine",
"name": "vern"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two leading theories:\n* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (काल (kāla)) agarwood (अगुरु (aguru)) used for incense.\n* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), from Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽罗",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "伽羅",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 伽",
"Chinese terms spelled with 羅",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a form of high-grade agarwood"
],
"links": [
[
"agarwood",
"agarwood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a form of high-grade agarwood"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "奇楠"
},
{
"word": "沉香"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiāluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ciéluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻieh²-lo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyé-lwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chyeluo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цело"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "celo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiāluó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jialuó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chia¹-lo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyā-lwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jialuo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяло"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjalo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Gaya",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Gaya",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Gaya terms",
"ja:Conifers"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "Baekje",
"roman": "Kudara",
"ruby": [
[
"百済",
"くだら"
]
],
"word": "百済"
},
{
"english": "Goguryeo",
"roman": "Kōkuri",
"ruby": [
[
"高句麗",
"こうくり"
]
],
"word": "高句麗"
},
{
"english": "Silla",
"roman": "Shiragi",
"ruby": [
[
"新羅",
"しらぎ"
]
],
"word": "新羅"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "(Han dynasty) China; Kara",
"sense": "韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula",
"word": "漢"
},
{
"sense": "韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula",
"word": "by extension of the Korean peninsula further to the Chinese mainland"
},
{
"english": "foreign land",
"roman": "kara",
"sense": "唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”)",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "唐"
},
{
"english": "China",
"sense": "唐 (Kara, “(Tang dynasty) China”)",
"word": "by extension of"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "伽羅"
},
"expansion": "伽羅",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zra",
"3": "",
"sort": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Gaya [script needed] (kara)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaya [script needed] (kara).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽羅",
"ruby": [
[
"伽",
"か"
],
[
"羅",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "から"
},
"expansion": "伽(か)羅(ら) • (Kara)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE"
],
"links": [
[
"grouping",
"grouping"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"south",
"south"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "伽耶"
},
{
"word": "任那"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "から"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gaya confederacy",
"ja:伽耶"
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Conifers"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"roman": "kyara",
"word": "木所: 伽羅"
},
{
"roman": "rakoku",
"word": "羅国"
},
{
"roman": "manaban",
"word": "真南蛮"
},
{
"roman": "manaka",
"word": "真那伽"
},
{
"roman": "sasora",
"word": "佐曽羅"
},
{
"roman": "sumotara",
"word": "寸門多羅"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dark reddish brown color",
"roman": "kyarairo",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"色",
"いろ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅色"
},
{
"english": "a variety of persimmon noted for its darker skin and sweeter taste",
"roman": "kyaragaki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"柿",
"がき"
]
],
"word": "伽羅柿"
},
{
"english": "ostentatious, showy, overdone",
"roman": "kyarakusai",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"臭",
"くさ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅臭い"
},
{
"english": "fine woodwork created using aromatic woods",
"roman": "kyara zaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"細",
"ざい"
],
[
"工",
"く"
]
],
"word": "伽羅細工"
},
{
"english": "in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute",
"roman": "kyara dai",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "伽羅代"
},
{
"english": "a kind of pomade or hair oil made from sesame oil, plant resin, and clove",
"roman": "kyara no abura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"油",
"あぶら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の油"
},
{
"english": "one's legal wife",
"roman": "kyara no onkata",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"御",
"おん"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の御方"
},
{
"english": "Japanese yew",
"roman": "kyara no ki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"木",
"き"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の木"
},
{
"english": "in the Edo period, a red-light district slang term for money, especially the fee paid to an entertainer or prostitute",
"roman": "kyara no ji",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"字",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の字"
},
{
"english": "a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense",
"roman": "kyara no makura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の枕"
},
{
"roman": "kyara hiyashi",
"word": "伽羅冷: a kind of tin urn"
},
{
"word": "tin-plated box"
},
{
"word": "partially filled with water"
},
{
"word": "over which agarwood incense is placed"
},
{
"word": "used in summer"
},
{
"english": "butterbur stem simmer in soy sauce until dark reddish brown",
"roman": "kyarabuki",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"蕗",
"ぶき"
]
],
"word": "伽羅蕗"
},
{
"english": "Japanese yew",
"roman": "kyaraboku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"木",
"ぼく"
]
],
"word": "伽羅木"
},
{
"english": "a wooden headrest with a drawer for burning incense",
"roman": "kyara makura",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "伽羅枕"
},
{
"english": "beautiful woman",
"roman": "kyarame",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"女",
"め"
]
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "伽羅女"
},
{
"roman": "kyaramono",
"word": "伽羅者: a flatterer"
},
{
"word": "an amiable"
},
{
"word": "sociable person who is quick to compliment others"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きやら"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅"
},
"expansion": "伽羅 (MC gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "伽羅阿伽嚧"
},
"expansion": "伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कालागुरु",
"sort": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "多伽羅"
},
"expansion": "多伽羅 (MC ta gja la)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तगर",
"sort": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तगर (tagara)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Tabernaemontana coronaria",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pinwheel flower"
},
"expansion": "pinwheel flower",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crepe jasmine"
},
"expansion": "crepe jasmine",
"name": "vern"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two leading theories, both deriving from Middle Chinese 伽羅 (MC gja la):\n* From the first two syllables of 伽羅阿伽嚧 (MC gja la 'a gja lu), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru), referring to a kind of fragrant black (kāla) agarwood tree (aguru) used for incense.\n* From the last two syllables of 多伽羅 (MC ta gja la), a phonetic rendering of Sanskrit तगर (tagara), referring to Tabernaemontana coronaria (pinwheel flower or crepe jasmine) or a fragrant powder made from the plant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "伽羅",
"ruby": [
[
"伽",
"きゃ"
],
[
"羅",
"ら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きゃら"
},
"expansion": "伽(きゃ)羅(ら) • (kyara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "just like a Buddha statue made from agarwood",
"roman": "kyara de tsukutta hotoke dōzen",
"word": "伽羅で作った仏同然: → agarwood only smells nice when burned"
},
{
"word": "so making a statue out of agarwood is pointless: something"
},
{
"word": "someone of high value"
},
{
"word": "but that turns out to be useless"
},
{
"english": "to speak incense",
"roman": "kyara o iu",
"word": "伽羅を言う: → to flatter"
},
{
"word": "to say nice things to flatter"
},
{
"word": "ingratiate someone"
},
{
"english": "to put gold foil on an agarwood Buddha; to put the icing on the cake",
"roman": "kyara no hotoke ni haku oku",
"ruby": [
[
"伽羅",
"きゃら"
],
[
"仏",
"ほとけ"
],
[
"箔",
"はく"
],
[
"置",
"お"
]
],
"word": "伽羅の仏に箔置く: → : adding something good on top of something that is already good"
},
{
"roman": "kyara mo takazu he mo kokazu",
"word": "伽羅も焚かず屁もこかず: “not even burning incense"
},
{
"word": "not even passing gas” → neither here nor there"
},
{
"word": "neither good nor bad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana",
"word": "伽羅木"
}
],
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 伽羅木 (kyaraboku): a Japanese yew variety, Taxus cuspidata var. nana"
],
"links": [
[
"伽羅木",
"伽羅木#Japanese"
],
[
"Japanese yew",
"Japanese yew"
],
[
"variety",
"variety"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an aromatic tree"
],
"links": [
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"incense, especially when made from such aromatic wood"
],
"links": [
[
"incense",
"incense"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something of high quality, a rarity, a luxury"
],
"links": [
[
"rarity",
"rarity"
],
[
"luxury",
"luxury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) something of high quality, a rarity, a luxury"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"during the Edo period, a red-light district slang word for \"money\""
],
"links": [
[
"red-light district",
"red-light district"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical slang, obsolete) during the Edo period, a red-light district slang word for \"money\""
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"flattery, sycophancy"
],
"links": [
[
"flattery",
"flattery"
],
[
"sycophancy",
"sycophancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きゃら"
},
{
"other": "きゃら"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲa̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Agarwood",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明",
"ja:沈香"
],
"word": "伽羅"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 伽羅 meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"伽羅"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "伽羅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"伽羅"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "伽羅",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"伽羅"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "伽羅",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.