See быть on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "бꙑти",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "бꙑти"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bū́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бути"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian бути (buty)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "быць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian быць (bycʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Polish być",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भू",
"3": "",
"4": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "futūrus"
},
"expansion": "Latin futūrus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English be",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be.\nThe present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bytʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irreg-a/c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ть",
"roman": "býtʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "су́щий",
"roman": "súščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вший",
"roman": "bývšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дучи",
"roman": "búduči",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́в",
"roman": "býv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вши",
"roman": "bývši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́смь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésmʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду",
"roman": "búdu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еси́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь",
"roman": "búdešʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет",
"roman": "búdet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмы́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesmý",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем",
"roman": "búdem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сте",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jéste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете",
"roman": "búdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "су́ть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sútʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут",
"roman": "búdut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дь",
"roman": "búdʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дьте",
"roman": "búdʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́л",
"roman": "býl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "была́",
"roman": "bylá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ло",
"roman": "býlo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj-old",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irreg-a/c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ть",
"roman": "býtʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "су́щій",
"roman": "súščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вшій",
"roman": "bývšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дучи",
"roman": "búduči",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́въ",
"roman": "býv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вши",
"roman": "bývši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́смь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésmʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду",
"roman": "búdu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еси́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь",
"roman": "búdešʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́детъ",
"roman": "búdet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмы́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesmý",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́демъ",
"roman": "búdem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сте",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jéste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете",
"roman": "búdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "су́ть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sútʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дутъ",
"roman": "búdut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дь",
"roman": "búdʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дьте",
"roman": "búdʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́лъ",
"roman": "býl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "была́",
"roman": "bylá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ло",
"roman": "býlo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "быть",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "быть • (bytʹ) impf",
"name": "ru-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "irreg/c",
"3": "быть",
"notes": "1 See usage notes.",
"notes2": "2 Obsolete.",
"pres_1pl2": "есмы́2",
"pres_1sg2": "есмь1",
"pres_2pl2": "е́сте2",
"pres_2sg2": "еси́2",
"pres_2sg3": "есь2",
"pres_3pl2": "суть1",
"prestailall": "1△"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "irreg/c",
"3": "быть",
"notes": "1 See usage notes.",
"notes2": "2 Obsolete.",
"pres_1pl2": "есмы́2",
"pres_1sg2": "есмь1",
"pres_2pl2": "е́сте2",
"pres_2sg2": "еси́2",
"pres_2sg3": "есь2",
"pres_3pl2": "суть1",
"prestailall": "1△"
},
"name": "ru-conj-old"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "pobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "byvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "výbytʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́быть"
},
{
"roman": "vybyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "dobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "добы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "dobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "добыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "забы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "забы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "zabyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "izbýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "izbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "izbýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "izbyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "otbýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отбы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "otbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "perezabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "перезабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "perezabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "перезабы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "pobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "podzabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подзабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "podzabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подзабыва́ть"
},
{
"english": "to forget everything",
"roman": "pozabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "pozabyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "prebyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пребыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "prebýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пребы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pribýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прибы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pribyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прибыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "prizabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "призабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "probýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пробы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "razdobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раздобы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "razdobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздобыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "sbytʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбыть"
},
{
"roman": "sbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "sbýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "sbyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "ubýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "убы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "ubyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "убыва́ть"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So it was, so it is, and so it will always be! [from the State Anthem of the Russian Federation]",
"roman": "Tak býlo, tak jestʹ i tak búdet vsegdá!",
"text": "Так бы́ло, так есть и так бу́дет всегда́!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be henpecked",
"roman": "bytʹ pod kablukóm",
"text": "быть под каблуко́м",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-быть-ru-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ins/nom"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental or nominative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to be [with instrumental or nominative]"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jestʹ",
"word": "есть"
},
{
"roman": "sutʹ",
"word": "суть"
},
{
"roman": "bytijé",
"word": "бытие́"
},
{
"roman": "suščestvovánije",
"word": "существова́ние"
},
{
"roman": "móžet bytʹ",
"word": "мо́жет быть"
},
{
"roman": "byvátʹ",
"word": "быва́ть iterative aspect"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"roman": "búduščij",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
],
"word": "бу́дущий"
},
{
"english": "net",
"sense": "3rd person negative (there is/are no)",
"word": "нет"
},
{
"roman": "nétu",
"sense": "3rd person negative (there is/are no)",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "не́ту"
},
{
"roman": "né byl",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ был"
},
{
"roman": "ne bylá",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не была́"
},
{
"roman": "né bylo",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ было"
},
{
"roman": "né byli",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ были"
},
{
"english": "by",
"sense": "conditional/subjunctive particle",
"word": "бы"
},
{
"roman": "b",
"sense": "conditional/subjunctive particle",
"word": "б"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bɨtʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-быть.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨtʲ"
}
],
"word": "быть"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "pobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "byvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "výbytʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́быть"
},
{
"roman": "vybyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "dobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "добы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "dobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "добыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "забы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "забы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "zabyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "забыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "izbýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "izbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "izbýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "izbyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "otbýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отбы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "otbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "perezabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "перезабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "perezabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "перезабы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "pobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "podzabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подзабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "podzabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подзабыва́ть"
},
{
"english": "to forget everything",
"roman": "pozabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pozabýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "позабы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "pozabyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позабыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "prebyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пребыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "prebýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пребы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pribýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прибы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "pribyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прибыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "prizabýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "призабы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "probýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пробы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "razdobýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раздобы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "razdobyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздобыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "sbytʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбыть"
},
{
"roman": "sbyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбыва́ть"
},
{
"roman": "sbýtʹsja",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбы́ться"
},
{
"roman": "sbyvátʹsja",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбыва́ться"
},
{
"roman": "ubýtʹ",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "убы́ть"
},
{
"roman": "ubyvátʹ",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "убыва́ть"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "бꙑти",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "бꙑти"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bū́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бути"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian бути (buty)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "быць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian быць (bycʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Polish być",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भू",
"3": "",
"4": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "futūrus"
},
"expansion": "Latin futūrus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English be",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be.\nThe present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bytʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irreg-a/c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ть",
"roman": "býtʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "су́щий",
"roman": "súščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вший",
"roman": "bývšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дучи",
"roman": "búduči",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́в",
"roman": "býv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вши",
"roman": "bývši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́смь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésmʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду",
"roman": "búdu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еси́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь",
"roman": "búdešʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет",
"roman": "búdet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмы́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesmý",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем",
"roman": "búdem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сте",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jéste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете",
"roman": "búdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "су́ть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sútʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут",
"roman": "búdut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дь",
"roman": "búdʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дьте",
"roman": "búdʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́л",
"roman": "býl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "была́",
"roman": "bylá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ло",
"roman": "býlo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj-old",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irreg-a/c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ть",
"roman": "býtʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "су́щій",
"roman": "súščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вшій",
"roman": "bývšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дучи",
"roman": "búduči",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́въ",
"roman": "býv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́вши",
"roman": "bývši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"dated",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́смь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésmʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду",
"roman": "búdu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еси́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jésʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь",
"roman": "búdešʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́детъ",
"roman": "búdet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмы́",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesmý",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́демъ",
"roman": "búdem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "е́сте",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jéste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете",
"roman": "búdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jestʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "су́ть",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sútʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дутъ",
"roman": "búdut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дь",
"roman": "búdʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дьте",
"roman": "búdʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́лъ",
"roman": "býl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "была́",
"roman": "bylá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ло",
"roman": "býlo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бы́ли",
"roman": "býli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "быть",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "быть • (bytʹ) impf",
"name": "ru-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "irreg/c",
"3": "быть",
"notes": "1 See usage notes.",
"notes2": "2 Obsolete.",
"pres_1pl2": "есмы́2",
"pres_1sg2": "есмь1",
"pres_2pl2": "е́сте2",
"pres_2sg2": "еси́2",
"pres_2sg3": "есь2",
"pres_3pl2": "суть1",
"prestailall": "1△"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "irreg/c",
"3": "быть",
"notes": "1 See usage notes.",
"notes2": "2 Obsolete.",
"pres_1pl2": "есмы́2",
"pres_1sg2": "есмь1",
"pres_2pl2": "е́сте2",
"pres_2sg2": "еси́2",
"pres_2sg3": "есь2",
"pres_3pl2": "суть1",
"prestailall": "1△"
},
"name": "ru-conj-old"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jestʹ",
"word": "есть"
},
{
"roman": "sutʹ",
"word": "суть"
},
{
"roman": "bytijé",
"word": "бытие́"
},
{
"roman": "suščestvovánije",
"word": "существова́ние"
},
{
"roman": "móžet bytʹ",
"word": "мо́жет быть"
},
{
"roman": "byvátʹ",
"word": "быва́ть iterative aspect"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"english": "net",
"sense": "3rd person negative (there is/are no)",
"word": "нет"
},
{
"roman": "nétu",
"sense": "3rd person negative (there is/are no)",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "не́ту"
},
{
"roman": "né byl",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ был"
},
{
"roman": "ne bylá",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не была́"
},
{
"roman": "né bylo",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ было"
},
{
"roman": "né byli",
"sense": "past negative: (note the stress)",
"word": "не́ были"
},
{
"roman": "búduščij",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
],
"word": "бу́дущий"
},
{
"english": "by",
"sense": "conditional/subjunctive particle",
"word": "бы"
},
{
"roman": "b",
"sense": "conditional/subjunctive particle",
"word": "б"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Russian/ɨtʲ",
"Rhymes:Russian/ɨtʲ/1 syllable",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian imperfective verbs",
"Russian intransitive verbs",
"Russian irregular verbs",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian suppletive verbs",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian terms with usage examples",
"Russian verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So it was, so it is, and so it will always be! [from the State Anthem of the Russian Federation]",
"roman": "Tak býlo, tak jestʹ i tak búdet vsegdá!",
"text": "Так бы́ло, так есть и так бу́дет всегда́!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be henpecked",
"roman": "bytʹ pod kablukóm",
"text": "быть под каблуко́м",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ins/nom"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental or nominative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to be [with instrumental or nominative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bɨtʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-быть.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨtʲ"
}
],
"word": "быть"
}
Download raw JSONL data for быть meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.