See ħ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ħ meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"etymology_text": "Originally devised for use in Maltese; see that entry for more details. First adopted as the IPA symbol for the voiceless pharyngeal fricative in 1921.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "ħ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "A"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "C"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "D"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "E"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "F"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "G"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "H"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "I"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "J"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "K"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "M"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "O"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Q"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "R"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "ſ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "T"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "U"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "V"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "W"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "X"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Z"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "IPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a voiceless pharyngeal fricative."
],
"id": "en-ħ-mul-symbol-S7xTB8Up",
"links": [
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
],
[
"pharyngeal",
"pharyngeal"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(IPA) a voiceless pharyngeal fricative."
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "IPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[ħ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡ𐞕], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ħ]); [ħ]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ħ]."
],
"id": "en-ħ-mul-symbol-M-qaKSV-",
"links": [
[
"release",
"release"
],
[
"affricate",
"affricate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(superscript ⟨𐞕⟩, IPA) [ħ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡ𐞕], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ħ]); [ħ]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ħ]."
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 12 61 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "IPA symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as IPA."
],
"id": "en-ħ-mul-symbol-xG3Vsy9s",
"raw_glosses": [
"(NAPA) as IPA."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ḥ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "mul:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 21 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 19 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a typesetting error for the reduced Planck's constant, ⟨ℏ⟩."
],
"id": "en-ħ-mul-symbol-FilrpmxF",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"ℏ",
"ℏ#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) a typesetting error for the reduced Planck's constant, ⟨ℏ⟩."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ĥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ĥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȟ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȟ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḧ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḧ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "H̱"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ẖ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ⱨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ⱨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʜ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ｈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 15 17 62",
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ｈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ⱥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ⱥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ƀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ƀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Đ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "đ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɇ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɇ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ǥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ǥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ꝁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ꝁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ł"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ł"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ø"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ø"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ᵽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ᵽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɍ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɍ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ŧ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ŧ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ʉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ƶ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ƶ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ꝥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 16 12 65",
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ꝥ"
}
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg",
"text": "IPA"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Voiceless pharyngeal fricative"
],
"word": "ħ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ح"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ح (ḥ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خ (ḵ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "għ"
},
"expansion": "għ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "ه",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ه",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "h"
},
"expansion": "h",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis",
"in": "1746",
"nat": "Maltese",
"nobycat": "1",
"notext": "1",
"occ": "canon",
"w": "-"
},
"expansion": "Maltese canon G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis in 1746",
"name": "coinage"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The letter mainly continues Arabic ح (ḥ) and Arabic خ (ḵ). These two phonemes were merged into /ħ/ around Valetta since at least the 18th century, but continued to be distinguished as /ħ/ and /x~χ/ elsewhere. By the later 19th century, however, this merger had established itself throughout the language (thus significantly earlier than that of għ, which see).\nAdditionally it may continue Arabic ه /h/. This letter was mostly vowelised (see h), but as first or last radical of a root it sporadically underwent fortition instead.\nThe symbol <ħ> was apparently first used by Maltese canon G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis in 1746, though it was not popularised until the latter half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, being officially adopted in 1924.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ħ",
"tags": [
"uppercase"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "letter",
"3": "upper case",
"4": "Ħ"
},
"expansion": "ħ (upper case Ħ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eleventh letter of the Maltese alphabet, called ħe and written in the Latin script."
],
"id": "en-ħ-mt-character-GYcpcZ8p",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"ħe",
"ħe#Maltese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ittra"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "A"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ċ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ċ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "D"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "E"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "F"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ġ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ġ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "G"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Għ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "għ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "H"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "J"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "K"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "L"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "M"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "N"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "O"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "R"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "T"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "U"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "V"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "W"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "X"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie Verlag",
"Valetta"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ħ/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "ħ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ح"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ح (ḥ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خ (ḵ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "għ"
},
"expansion": "għ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "ه",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ه",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "h"
},
"expansion": "h",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis",
"in": "1746",
"nat": "Maltese",
"nobycat": "1",
"notext": "1",
"occ": "canon",
"w": "-"
},
"expansion": "Maltese canon G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis in 1746",
"name": "coinage"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The letter mainly continues Arabic ح (ḥ) and Arabic خ (ḵ). These two phonemes were merged into /ħ/ around Valetta since at least the 18th century, but continued to be distinguished as /ħ/ and /x~χ/ elsewhere. By the later 19th century, however, this merger had established itself throughout the language (thus significantly earlier than that of għ, which see).\nAdditionally it may continue Arabic ه /h/. This letter was mostly vowelised (see h), but as first or last radical of a root it sporadically underwent fortition instead.\nThe symbol <ħ> was apparently first used by Maltese canon G. P. F. Agius de Soldanis in 1746, though it was not popularised until the latter half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, being officially adopted in 1924.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ħ",
"tags": [
"uppercase"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "letter",
"3": "upper case",
"4": "Ħ"
},
"expansion": "ħ (upper case Ħ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ittra"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "A"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ċ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ċ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "D"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "E"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "F"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ġ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ġ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "G"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Għ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "għ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "H"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "J"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "K"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "L"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "M"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "N"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "O"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "R"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "T"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "U"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "V"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "W"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "X"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Ż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "ż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "Z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese coinages",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese letters",
"Maltese terms derived from Arabic",
"Maltese terms inherited from Arabic",
"Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"The eleventh letter of the Maltese alphabet, called ħe and written in the Latin script."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"ħe",
"ħe#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie Verlag",
"Valetta"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ħ/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "ħ"
}
{
"categories": [
"IPA symbols",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_text": "Originally devised for use in Maltese; see that entry for more details. First adopted as the IPA symbol for the voiceless pharyngeal fricative in 1921.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "ħ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "A"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "C"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "D"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "E"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "F"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "G"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "H"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "J"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "K"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "L"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "M"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "N"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "O"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "R"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "ſ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "T"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "U"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "V"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "W"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "X"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ĥ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ĥ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȟ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȟ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḧ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḧ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḣ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḣ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḩ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḩ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḥ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḥ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ḫ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḫ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "H̱"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ẖ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ⱨ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ⱨ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɦ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʰ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʜ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ｈ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter H",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ｈ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ⱥ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ⱥ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ƀ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ƀ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȼ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȼ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Đ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "đ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɇ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɇ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ǥ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ǥ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ħ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ħ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɨ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɨ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɉ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɉ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ꝁ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ꝁ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ł"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ł"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ø"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ø"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ᵽ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ᵽ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɍ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɍ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ŧ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ŧ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ʉ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʉ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɏ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɏ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ƶ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ƶ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ꝥ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters using stroke sign",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ꝥ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"IPA symbols"
],
"glosses": [
"a voiceless pharyngeal fricative."
],
"links": [
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
],
[
"pharyngeal",
"pharyngeal"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(IPA) a voiceless pharyngeal fricative."
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"IPA symbols"
],
"glosses": [
"[ħ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡ𐞕], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ħ]); [ħ]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ħ]."
],
"links": [
[
"release",
"release"
],
[
"affricate",
"affricate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(superscript ⟨𐞕⟩, IPA) [ħ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡ𐞕], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ħ]); [ħ]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ħ]."
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"as IPA."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(NAPA) as IPA."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ḥ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"a typesetting error for the reduced Planck's constant, ⟨ℏ⟩."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"ℏ",
"ℏ#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) a typesetting error for the reduced Planck's constant, ⟨ℏ⟩."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative.ogg",
"text": "IPA"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Voiceless pharyngeal fricative"
],
"word": "ħ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.