See 孤獨 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨感"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独感"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨症"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独症"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "註孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "注孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "鰥寡孤獨"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "鳏寡孤独"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kodoku",
"ruby": [
[
"孤",
"こ"
],
[
"独",
"どく"
]
],
"word": "孤独"
},
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "godok",
"word": "고독(孤獨)"
},
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"roman": "孤獨",
"word": "cô độc"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gūdú zhōnglǎo",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "孤獨終老"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gūdú zhōnglǎo",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "孤独终老"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "xīndǐ de gūdú hé tànxī",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "心底的孤獨和嘆息"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "xīndǐ de gūdú hé tànxī",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "心底的孤独和叹息"
}
],
"glosses": [
"孤單寂寞；孤寂"
],
"id": "zh-孤獨-zh-adj-U4vMBn6~"
},
{
"glosses": [
"孤立無援"
],
"id": "zh-孤獨-zh-adj-yaMUOaWa"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-gudú.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Zh-gudú.ogg/Zh-gudú.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-gudú.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gudú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku¹-tu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gū-dú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "gudwu"
},
{
"roman": "gudu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "гуду"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gū duhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ dug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ tug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ tug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kou to̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tok̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ku duwk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷˤa [d]ˤok/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷaː doːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俗"
},
{
"roman": "gūdān",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤單"
},
{
"roman": "gūdān",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤单"
},
{
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "孤孑"
},
{
"roman": "gūjí",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "孤寂"
},
{
"roman": "jìmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "寂寞"
},
{
"roman": "jìliáo",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "寂寥"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州話"
],
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "挑另"
},
{
"roman": "suǒmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"literary",
"Min-Dong"
],
"word": "索寞"
},
{
"roman": "luòmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "落寞"
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "上古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨感"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独感"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨症"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独症"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "註孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "注孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "鰥寡孤獨"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "鳏寡孤独"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kodoku",
"ruby": [
[
"孤",
"こ"
],
[
"独",
"どく"
]
],
"word": "孤独"
},
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "godok",
"word": "고독(孤獨)"
},
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"roman": "孤獨",
"word": "cô độc"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "單獨"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "单独"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "古典漢語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的文言文詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
68,
72
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"ref": "《禮記》，約公元前4 – 前2世紀",
"roman": "Shǐ lǎo yǒusuǒ zhōng, zhuàng yǒusuǒ yòng, yòu yǒusuǒ zhǎng, guānguǎ gūdú fèijí zhě, jiē yǒusuǒ yǎng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，矜寡孤獨廢疾者，皆有所養。",
"translation": "使老人可以善終，使有能力的人可以得到重用，使幼童可以得到撫養使其健康成長，鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、老年無子女的人、身體殘疾的人都能得到照顧。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
68,
72
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"ref": "《禮記》，約公元前4 – 前2世紀",
"roman": "Shǐ lǎo yǒusuǒ zhōng, zhuàng yǒusuǒ yòng, yòu yǒusuǒ zhǎng, guānguǎ gūdú fèijí zhě, jiē yǒusuǒ yǎng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾者，皆有所养。",
"translation": "使老人可以善終，使有能力的人可以得到重用，使幼童可以得到撫養使其健康成長，鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、老年無子女的人、身體殘疾的人都能得到照顧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"年幼無父母或老年無子女"
],
"id": "zh-孤獨-zh-noun-FhiUIPyd",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-gudú.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Zh-gudú.ogg/Zh-gudú.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-gudú.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gudú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku¹-tu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gū-dú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "gudwu"
},
{
"roman": "gudu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "гуду"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gū duhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ dug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ tug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ tug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kou to̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tok̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ku duwk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷˤa [d]ˤok/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷaː doːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩南漢語",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"反社會的"
],
"id": "zh-孤獨-zh-adj-rD0ebhcs",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dak"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
{
"categories": [
"上古漢語名詞",
"上古漢語形容詞",
"上古漢語詞元",
"中古漢語名詞",
"中古漢語形容詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"官話名詞",
"官話形容詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語形容詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話形容詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語形容詞",
"漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話名詞",
"潮州話形容詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語形容詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨感"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独感"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨症"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独症"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "註孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "注孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "鰥寡孤獨"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "鳏寡孤独"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kodoku",
"ruby": [
[
"孤",
"こ"
],
[
"独",
"どく"
]
],
"word": "孤独"
},
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "godok",
"word": "고독(孤獨)"
},
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"roman": "孤獨",
"word": "cô độc"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的官話詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gūdú zhōnglǎo",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "孤獨終老"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "gūdú zhōnglǎo",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "孤独终老"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "xīndǐ de gūdú hé tànxī",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "心底的孤獨和嘆息"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"roman": "xīndǐ de gūdú hé tànxī",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "心底的孤独和叹息"
}
],
"glosses": [
"孤單寂寞；孤寂"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"孤立無援"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-gudú.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Zh-gudú.ogg/Zh-gudú.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-gudú.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gudú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku¹-tu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gū-dú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "gudwu"
},
{
"roman": "gudu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "гуду"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gū duhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ dug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ tug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ tug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kou to̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tok̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ku duwk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷˤa [d]ˤok/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷaː doːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "俗"
},
{
"roman": "gūdān",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤單"
},
{
"roman": "gūdān",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤单"
},
{
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "孤孑"
},
{
"roman": "gūjí",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "孤寂"
},
{
"roman": "jìmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "寂寞"
},
{
"roman": "jìliáo",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "寂寥"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"漳州話"
],
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "挑另"
},
{
"roman": "suǒmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"tags": [
"literary",
"Min-Dong"
],
"word": "索寞"
},
{
"roman": "luòmò",
"sense": "孤單",
"word": "落寞"
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
{
"categories": [
"上古漢語名詞",
"上古漢語形容詞",
"上古漢語詞元",
"中古漢語名詞",
"中古漢語形容詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"官話名詞",
"官話形容詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語形容詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話形容詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語形容詞",
"漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話名詞",
"潮州話形容詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語形容詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨感"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独感"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤獨症"
},
{
"roman": "gūdúzhèng",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "孤独症"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "註孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "注孤生"
},
{
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "鰥寡孤獨"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "鳏寡孤独"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kodoku",
"ruby": [
[
"孤",
"こ"
],
[
"独",
"どく"
]
],
"word": "孤独"
},
{
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "godok",
"word": "고독(孤獨)"
},
{
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"roman": "孤獨",
"word": "cô độc"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "名詞",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"word": "單獨"
},
{
"roman": "dāndú",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"word": "单独"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"古典漢語",
"有引文的文言文詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
68,
72
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"ref": "《禮記》，約公元前4 – 前2世紀",
"roman": "Shǐ lǎo yǒusuǒ zhōng, zhuàng yǒusuǒ yòng, yòu yǒusuǒ zhǎng, guānguǎ gūdú fèijí zhě, jiē yǒusuǒ yǎng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical-Chinese",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，矜寡孤獨廢疾者，皆有所養。",
"translation": "使老人可以善終，使有能力的人可以得到重用，使幼童可以得到撫養使其健康成長，鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、老年無子女的人、身體殘疾的人都能得到照顧。"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
68,
72
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"ref": "《禮記》，約公元前4 – 前2世紀",
"roman": "Shǐ lǎo yǒusuǒ zhōng, zhuàng yǒusuǒ yòng, yòu yǒusuǒ zhǎng, guānguǎ gūdú fèijí zhě, jiē yǒusuǒ yǎng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical-Chinese",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾者，皆有所养。",
"translation": "使老人可以善終，使有能力的人可以得到重用，使幼童可以得到撫養使其健康成長，鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、老年無子女的人、身體殘疾的人都能得到照顧。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"年幼無父母或老年無子女"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-gudú.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Zh-gudú.ogg/Zh-gudú.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-gudú.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gūdú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gudú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku¹-tu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gū-dú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "gudwu"
},
{
"roman": "gudu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Cyrillic"
],
"zh_pron": "гуду"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gū duhk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ duk⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ dug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong Kong",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kû-thu̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ tug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu¹ tug⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-to̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "gou¹ dog⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kou to̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/kou³³⁻²³ tok̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "ku duwk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"白–沙"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷˤa [d]ˤok/"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上古",
"鄭張"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʷaː doːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
{
"categories": [
"帶「孤」的漢語詞",
"帶「獨」的漢語詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"泉漳話形容詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語形容詞",
"漢語水平考試丁級詞",
"漢語詞元"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "孤独",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"閩南漢語"
],
"glosses": [
"反社會的"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ko͘-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tâi-lô"
],
"zh_pron": "koo-ta̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ko'dak"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ³³ tak̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taibei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "孤獨"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 孤獨 meaning in 漢語 (14.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-11 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.