"er" meaning in Welsh

See er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /ɛr/
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{der|cy|ine-pro|*per-|t=in front}} Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”), {{cog|kw|er|t=for, by}} Cornish er (“for, by”), {{cog|grc|περί|t=about, peri-}} Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), {{cog|la|per|t=through}} Latin per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|cy|conjunction}} er
  1. although
    Sense id: en-er-cy-conj-Lh12V51E
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ɛr/ Forms: eriau [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], er [mutation, mutation-radical], her [mutation, prothesis-h]
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{cy-noun|f|eriau}} er f (plural eriau) Inflection templates: {{cy-mut}}
  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R. Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Latin letter names
    Sense id: en-er-cy-noun-mFZieqlt Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1 Related terms: llythyren [Latin, letter-name], a [Latin, letter-name], bi [Latin, letter-name], ec [Latin, letter-name], èch [Latin, letter-name], di [Latin, letter-name], èdd [Latin, letter-name], e [Latin, letter-name], èf [Latin, letter-name], èff [Latin, letter-name], èg [Latin, letter-name], eng [Latin, letter-name], aetsh [Latin, letter-name], i [Latin, letter-name], i dot [Latin, letter-name], je [Latin, letter-name], ce [Latin, letter-name], el [Latin, letter-name], èll [Latin, letter-name], em [Latin, letter-name], en [Latin, letter-name], o [Latin, letter-name], pi [Latin, letter-name], ffi [Latin, letter-name], ciw [Latin, letter-name], rhi [Latin, letter-name], ès [Latin, letter-name], ti [Latin, letter-name], èth [Latin, letter-name], u [Latin, letter-name], u bedol [Latin, letter-name], u gwpan [Latin, letter-name], fi [Latin, letter-name], w [Latin, letter-name], ecs [Latin, letter-name], y [Latin, letter-name], sèd [Latin, letter-name]
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Preposition

IPA: /ɛr/ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], erof [first-person, singular], erom [first-person, plural], erot [second-person, singular], eroch [plural, second-person], erddo m [singular, third-person], erddi f [singular, third-person], erddynt [plural, third-person]
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{der|cy|ine-pro|*per-|t=in front}} Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”), {{cog|kw|er|t=for, by}} Cornish er (“for, by”), {{cog|grc|περί|t=about, peri-}} Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), {{cog|la|per|t=through}} Latin per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|cy|preposition|triggers soft mutation}} er (triggers soft mutation)
  1. (literary) since Tags: literary Synonyms: ers
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-a1o97QFq Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1
  2. (archaic) in spite of, despite Tags: archaic Synonyms: er gwaethaf
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-mYPaMEo5 Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header, Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1 Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 20 13 10 15 7 12 7
  3. (archaic) in order to Tags: archaic Synonyms: er mwyn, i
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-TFem5-ve Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1
  4. (archaic) for the sake of Tags: archaic Synonyms: er mwyn
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-vzfNqXo7
  5. (obsolete) because of Tags: obsolete Synonyms: achos, o achos, oherwydd, oblegid
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-Ca1GU7O3 Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1
  6. (obsolete) for, in exchange for Tags: obsolete Synonyms: am
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-qpv03R~u
  7. (obsolete) resulting in Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-OJ3WesAC
  8. (obsolete) through Tags: obsolete Synonyms: trwy, drwy
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-nGcl3Caa
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: er mwyn (english: for the sake of; in order to), er gwaethaf (english: despite), ers (english: since)
Etymology number: 1

Download JSON data for er meaning in Welsh (9.8kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "er",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.",
          "ref": "2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw",
          "text": "Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …",
          "ref": "2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw",
          "text": "Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-conj-Lh12V51E",
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "for the sake of; in order to",
      "word": "er mwyn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "despite",
      "word": "er gwaethaf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "since",
      "word": "ers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-personal-prep-literary",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eroch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "er (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-a1o97QFq",
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) since"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ers"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 20 13 10 15 7 12 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-mYPaMEo5",
      "links": [
        [
          "in spite of",
          "in spite of"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er gwaethaf"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-TFem5-ve",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in order to"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "for the sake of"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-vzfNqXo7",
      "links": [
        [
          "for the sake of",
          "for the sake of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) for the sake of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "o achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "oherwydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "oblegid"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-qpv03R~u",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "am"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "resulting in"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-OJ3WesAC",
      "links": [
        [
          "resulting in",
          "resulting in"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) resulting in"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-nGcl3Caa",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) through"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trwy"
        },
        {
          "word": "drwy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "eriau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "her",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "eriau"
      },
      "expansion": "er f (plural eriau)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "Latin letter names",
          "orig": "cy:Latin letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 15 24 21 22 1 14 0 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter R."
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-noun-mFZieqlt",
      "links": [
        [
          "R",
          "R#Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "llythyren"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ec"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èch"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èdd"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "e"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èf"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èff"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èg"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "eng"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "aetsh"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i dot"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "je"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ce"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "el"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èll"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "em"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "en"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "pi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ffi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ciw"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "rhi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ès"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ti"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èth"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u bedol"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u gwpan"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "fi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "w"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ecs"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "y"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "sèd"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Welsh conjunctions",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh prepositions",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "er",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.",
          "ref": "2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw",
          "text": "Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …",
          "ref": "2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw",
          "text": "Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Welsh conjunctions",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh prepositions",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "for the sake of; in order to",
      "word": "er mwyn"
    },
    {
      "english": "despite",
      "word": "er gwaethaf"
    },
    {
      "english": "since",
      "word": "ers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-personal-prep-literary",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eroch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "er (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) since"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ers"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in spite of",
          "in spite of"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er gwaethaf"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in order to"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for the sake of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for the sake of",
          "for the sake of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) for the sake of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "o achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "oherwydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "oblegid"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "am"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "resulting in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "resulting in",
          "resulting in"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) resulting in"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) through"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trwy"
        },
        {
          "word": "drwy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "eriau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "her",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "eriau"
      },
      "expansion": "er f (plural eriau)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "llythyren"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ec"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èch"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èdd"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "e"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èf"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èff"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èg"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "eng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "aetsh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i dot"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "je"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ce"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "el"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èll"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "em"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "en"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "pi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ffi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ciw"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "rhi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ès"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ti"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èth"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u bedol"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u gwpan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "fi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "w"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ecs"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "y"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "sèd"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "cy:Latin letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter R."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "R",
          "R#Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2512",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2512",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2447",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: her",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2512",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: her, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.