"er" meaning in Welsh

See er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /ɛr/
Etymology: From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|yr}} Middle Welsh yr, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*er}} Proto-Brythonic *er, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*ɸeri}} Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, {{der|cy|ine-pro|*per-|t=in front}} Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”), {{cog|kw|er|t=for, by}} Cornish er (“for, by”), {{cog|grc|περί|t=about, peri-}} Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), {{cog|la|per|t=through}} Latin per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|cy|conjunction}} er
  1. although
    Sense id: en-er-cy-conj-Lh12V51E
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ɛr/ Forms: eriau [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], er [mutation, mutation-radical], her [error-unrecognized-form, mutation, prothesis-h]
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{cy-noun|f|eriau}} er f (plural eriau) Inflection templates: {{cy-mut}}
  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r. Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Latin letter names
    Sense id: en-er-cy-noun-fBgFIaZw Related terms: llythyren [Latin, letter-name], a [Latin, letter-name], bi [Latin, letter-name], ec [Latin, letter-name], èch [Latin, letter-name], di [Latin, letter-name], èdd [Latin, letter-name], e [Latin, letter-name], èf [Latin, letter-name], èff [Latin, letter-name], èg [Latin, letter-name], eng [Latin, letter-name], aetsh [Latin, letter-name], i [Latin, letter-name], i dot [Latin, letter-name], je [Latin, letter-name], ce [Latin, letter-name], el [Latin, letter-name], èll [Latin, letter-name], em [Latin, letter-name], en [Latin, letter-name], o [Latin, letter-name], pi [Latin, letter-name], ffi [Latin, letter-name], ciw [Latin, letter-name], rhi [Latin, letter-name], ès [Latin, letter-name], ti [Latin, letter-name], èth [Latin, letter-name], u [Latin, letter-name], u bedol [Latin, letter-name], u gwpan [Latin, letter-name], fi [Latin, letter-name], w [Latin, letter-name], ecs [Latin, letter-name], y [Latin, letter-name], sèd [Latin, letter-name]
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Preposition

IPA: /ɛr/ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], erof [first-person, singular], erom [first-person, plural], erot [second-person, singular], eroch [plural, second-person], erddo m [singular, third-person], erddi f [singular, third-person], erddynt [plural, third-person]
Etymology: From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|yr}} Middle Welsh yr, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*er}} Proto-Brythonic *er, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*ɸeri}} Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, {{der|cy|ine-pro|*per-|t=in front}} Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”), {{cog|kw|er|t=for, by}} Cornish er (“for, by”), {{cog|grc|περί|t=about, peri-}} Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), {{cog|la|per|t=through}} Latin per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|cy|preposition|triggers soft mutation}} er (triggers soft mutation)
  1. (literary) since Tags: literary Synonyms: ers
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-a1o97QFq Categories (other): Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  2. (archaic) in spite of, despite Tags: archaic Synonyms: er gwaethaf
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-mYPaMEo5 Categories (other): Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  3. (archaic) in order to Tags: archaic Synonyms: er mwyn, i
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-TFem5-ve Categories (other): Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  4. (archaic) for the sake of Tags: archaic Synonyms: er mwyn
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-vzfNqXo7 Categories (other): Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  5. (obsolete) because of Tags: obsolete Synonyms: achos, o achos, oherwydd, oblegid
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-Ca1GU7O3
  6. (obsolete) for, in exchange for Tags: obsolete Synonyms: am
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-qpv03R~u Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header, Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 0 18 32 2 1 1 0 43 2 1 Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  7. (obsolete) resulting in Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-OJ3WesAC Categories (other): Welsh prepositions Disambiguation of Welsh prepositions: 0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8
  8. (obsolete) through Tags: obsolete Synonyms: trwy, drwy
    Sense id: en-er-cy-prep-nGcl3Caa
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: er mwyn (english: for the sake of; in order to), er gwaethaf (english: despite), ers (english: since)
Etymology number: 1
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "yr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh yr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*er"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸeri"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸeri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "er",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.",
          "ref": "2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …",
          "ref": "2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-conj-Lh12V51E",
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "for the sake of; in order to",
      "word": "er mwyn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "despite",
      "word": "er gwaethaf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "since",
      "word": "ers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "yr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh yr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*er"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸeri"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸeri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-personal-prep-literary",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eroch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "er (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-a1o97QFq",
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) since"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ers"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-mYPaMEo5",
      "links": [
        [
          "in spite of",
          "in spite of"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er gwaethaf"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-TFem5-ve",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in order to"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for the sake of"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-vzfNqXo7",
      "links": [
        [
          "for the sake of",
          "for the sake of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) for the sake of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "o achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "oherwydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "oblegid"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 18 32 2 1 1 0 43 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-qpv03R~u",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "am"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 16 19 12 11 8 11 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "resulting in"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-OJ3WesAC",
      "links": [
        [
          "resulting in",
          "resulting in"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) resulting in"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-prep-nGcl3Caa",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) through"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trwy"
        },
        {
          "word": "drwy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "eriau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "her",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation",
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "eriau"
      },
      "expansion": "er f (plural eriau)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "Latin letter names",
          "orig": "cy:Latin letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter R/r."
      ],
      "id": "en-er-cy-noun-fBgFIaZw",
      "links": [
        [
          "R",
          "R#Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "r",
          "r#Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "llythyren"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ec"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èch"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èdd"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "e"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èf"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èff"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èg"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "eng"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "aetsh"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i dot"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "je"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ce"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "el"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èll"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "em"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "en"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "pi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ffi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ciw"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "rhi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ès"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ti"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "èth"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u bedol"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u gwpan"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "fi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "w"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ecs"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "y"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "sèd"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 54 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Welsh conjunctions",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh prepositions",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "yr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh yr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*er"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸeri"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸeri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "er",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.",
          "ref": "2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …",
          "ref": "2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:",
          "text": "Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 54 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Welsh conjunctions",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh prepositions",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "for the sake of; in order to",
      "word": "er mwyn"
    },
    {
      "english": "despite",
      "word": "er gwaethaf"
    },
    {
      "english": "since",
      "word": "ers"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "yr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh yr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*er"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *er",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸeri"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸeri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "t": "in front"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "er",
        "t": "for, by"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish er (“for, by”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "περί",
        "t": "about, peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "t": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-personal-prep-literary",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eroch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "erddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "er (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "since"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) since"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ers"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in spite of",
          "in spite of"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in spite of, despite"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er gwaethaf"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) in order to"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for the sake of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for the sake of",
          "for the sake of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) for the sake of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "er mwyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "o achos"
        },
        {
          "word": "oherwydd"
        },
        {
          "word": "oblegid"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) for, in exchange for"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "am"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "resulting in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "resulting in",
          "resulting in"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) resulting in"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) through"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trwy"
        },
        {
          "word": "drwy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 54 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh feminine nouns",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "eriau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "er",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "her",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation",
        "prothesis-h"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "eriau"
      },
      "expansion": "er f (plural eriau)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "llythyren"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ec"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èch"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èdd"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "e"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èf"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èff"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èg"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "eng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "aetsh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i dot"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "je"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ce"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "el"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èll"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "em"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "en"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "pi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ffi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ciw"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "rhi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ès"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ti"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "èth"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u bedol"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u gwpan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "fi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "w"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ecs"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "y"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "sèd"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "cy:Latin letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter R/r."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "R",
          "R#Welsh"
        ],
        [
          "r",
          "r#Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛr/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "er"
}

Download raw JSONL data for er meaning in Welsh (10.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2530",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2530",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2457",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: her",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: her, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
  "path": [
    "er"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "er",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.