trwy in Welsh

IPA: /truːɨ̯/ [North-Wales], /trʊi̯/ [South-Wales] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯ Etymology: From Middle Welsh trwy, from Old Welsh troi, from Proto-Brythonic *dre, from Proto-Celtic *trei. Cognate with Breton dre, Irish trí, and more distantly English through. The Welsh forms in trwy are levelled from the conjugated stem *truɨð-. The alternative form drwy retains the etymologically expected *d-. Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|trwy}} Middle Welsh trwy, {{inh|cy|owl|troi}} Old Welsh troi, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*dre}} Proto-Brythonic *dre, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*trei}} Proto-Celtic *trei, {{cog|br|dre}} Breton dre, {{cog|ga|trí|id=through}} Irish trí, {{cog|en|through}} English through Head templates: {{head|cy|preposition|triggers soft mutation}} trwy (triggers soft mutation) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], trwof [first-person, singular], trwom [first-person, plural], trwot [second-person, singular], trwoch [plural, second-person], trwyddo m [singular, third-person], trwyddi f [singular, third-person], trwyddynt [plural, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], trwyddo i [first-person, singular], fi [first-person, singular], trwydda i [first-person, singular], trwyddon ni [first-person, plural], trwyddot ti [second-person, singular], trwyddat ti [second-person, singular], trwyddoch chi [plural, second-person], trwyddo fe [singular, third-person], fo m [singular, third-person], trwyddi hi f [singular, third-person], trwyddyn nhw [plural, third-person], drwy [alternative]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "trwy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh trwy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "owl",
        "3": "troi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh troi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*dre"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *dre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*trei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *trei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "dre"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton dre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "trí",
        "id": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish trí",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "English through",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh trwy, from Old Welsh troi, from Proto-Brythonic *dre, from Proto-Celtic *trei. Cognate with Breton dre, Irish trí, and more distantly English through.\nThe Welsh forms in trwy are levelled from the conjugated stem *truɨð-. The alternative form drwy retains the etymologically expected *d-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwydda i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddon ni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddot ti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddat ti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddoch chi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo fe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddi hi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddyn nhw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drwy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "trwy (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "id": "en-trwy-cy-prep-nGcl3Caa",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by, by means of (with a verbal noun)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trwy-cy-prep-M3HmlWpl",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "by means of",
          "by means of"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/truːɨ̯/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/trʊi̯/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊɨ̯"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trwy"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/ʊɨ̯",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/ʊɨ̯/1 syllable",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh prepositions",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "trwy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh trwy",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "owl",
        "3": "troi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh troi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*dre"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *dre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*trei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *trei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "dre"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton dre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "trí",
        "id": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish trí",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "English through",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh trwy, from Old Welsh troi, from Proto-Brythonic *dre, from Proto-Celtic *trei. Cognate with Breton dre, Irish trí, and more distantly English through.\nThe Welsh forms in trwy are levelled from the conjugated stem *truɨð-. The alternative form drwy retains the etymologically expected *d-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwoch",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddynt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwydda i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddon ni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddot ti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddat ti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddoch chi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddo fe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fo m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddi hi f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trwyddyn nhw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "drwy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "triggers soft mutation"
      },
      "expansion": "trwy (triggers soft mutation)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "by, by means of (with a verbal noun)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "by means of",
          "by means of"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/truːɨ̯/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/trʊi̯/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊɨ̯"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trwy"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation",
  "path": [
    "trwy"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "trwy",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "trwy"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "trwy",
  "trace": "started on line 57, detected on line 57"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "trwy"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "trwy",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"trwy" meaning in Welsh

Preposition