See ba in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "爸"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 爸 (bà)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "papa"
},
"expansion": "French papa",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested quite late in Vietnamese literature. Likely a loan from some variety of Chinese 爸 (bà) (if so distantly related to bố). The resemblance to French papa is probably coincidental.\nIn Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895), the imitative ba ba was annotated as [t]iếng con nít hay kêu (\"a word that children often use\"), while glossed as cha, the chief and/or formal word for \"father\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ba",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ba",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 37 32 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 77 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Parents",
"orig": "vi:Parents",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ba má"
},
{
"word": "ba mẹ"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "What is your dad's name?",
"text": "Ba con tên gì?",
"translation": "What is your dad's name?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"id": "en-ba-vi-noun-iKGIHwAl",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Southern Vietnam) father"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "áng"
},
{
"word": "bác"
},
{
"word": "bọ"
},
{
"word": "bố"
},
{
"word": "cậu"
},
{
"word": "cha"
},
{
"word": "thầy"
},
{
"word": "tía"
}
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
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},
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}
],
"word": "ba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "number box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*paː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *paː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "aav-pro",
"3": "*peːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "three"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Muong pa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បី"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បី (bəy)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Halang pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ပိ"
},
"expansion": "Mon ပိ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱯᱮ"
},
"expansion": "Santali ᱯᱮ (pe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”). Cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ, Santali ᱯᱮ (pe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠀧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "巴",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "numeral",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠀧, 巴"
},
"expansion": "ba • (𠀧, 巴)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠀧, 巴"
},
"expansion": "ba • (𠀧, 巴)",
"name": "vi-numeral"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese cardinal numbers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 7 84 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Three",
"orig": "vi:Three",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "The Three Musketeers",
"text": "Ba người lính ngự lâm",
"translation": "The Three Musketeers",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"id": "en-ba-vi-num-i1udsME9",
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav.mp3",
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},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "ba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "number box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*paː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *paː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "aav-pro",
"3": "*peːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "three"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Muong pa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បី"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បី (bəy)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Halang pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ပိ"
},
"expansion": "Mon ပိ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱯᱮ"
},
"expansion": "Santali ᱯᱮ (pe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”). Cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ, Santali ᱯᱮ (pe).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠀧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "巴",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠀧, 巴"
},
"expansion": "ba • (𠀧, 巴)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠀧, 巴"
},
"expansion": "ba • (𠀧, 巴)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese ordinal numbers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "áo ba lỗ"
},
{
"word": "ba bảy hai mốt ngày"
},
{
"word": "ba chỉ"
},
{
"word": "ba lần bảy lượt"
},
{
"word": "ba phải"
},
{
"word": "ba que"
},
{
"word": "ba que xỏ lá"
},
{
"word": "ba rọi"
},
{
"word": "Ba Tàu"
},
{
"word": "ba xạo"
},
{
"word": "ba xu"
},
{
"word": "Chúa Ba Ngôi"
},
{
"word": "dăm ba"
},
{
"word": "tháng ba"
},
{
"word": "thứ ba"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "second eldest brother/sister",
"text": "anh/chị ba",
"translation": "second eldest brother/sister",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "second eldest brother/sister of one's parent",
"text": "bác ba",
"translation": "second eldest brother/sister of one's parent",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "secondborn younger brother of one's father",
"text": "chú ba",
"translation": "secondborn younger brother of one's father",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"secondborn"
],
"id": "en-ba-vi-adj-WSw-Ywob",
"links": [
[
"secondborn",
"secondborn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, of a sibling) secondborn"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sibling"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "ba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "number box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*paː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *paː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "aav-pro",
"3": "*peːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "three"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Muong pa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បី"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បី (bəy)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hal",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Halang pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "pe"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh pe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ပိ"
},
"expansion": "Mon ပိ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱯᱮ"
},
"expansion": "Santali ᱯᱮ (pe)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *paː, from Proto-Austroasiatic *peːʔ (“three”). Cognate with Muong pa, Khmer បី (bəy), Halang pe, Pacoh pe, Mon ပိ, Santali ᱯᱮ (pe).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "determiner",
"3": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ba",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ba",
"name": "vi-determ"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 37 32 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 55 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "There's no need to be concerned about those.",
"text": "Ba cái đó chả đáng quan tâm.",
"translation": "There's no need to be concerned about those.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"some, an indefinite quantity greater than one"
],
"id": "en-ba-vi-det-DJ3JldLS",
"links": [
[
"some",
"some"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) some, an indefinite quantity greater than one"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
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}
],
"word": "ba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "ba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 37 32 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 32 17 3 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 19 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Male",
"orig": "vi:Male",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "âm ba"
},
{
"word": "Ba Lan"
},
{
"word": "Ba Tây"
},
{
"word": "Ba Tư"
},
{
"word": "ba-la-mật-đa"
},
{
"word": "bôn ba"
},
{
"word": "phong ba"
},
{
"word": "vi ba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sino-Vietnamese reading of 波"
],
"id": "en-ba-vi-romanization-snulrPy5",
"links": [
[
"Sino-Vietnamese",
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
[
"波",
"波#Vietnamese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "sóng"
}
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
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{
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"2": "papa"
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],
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"text": "Ba con tên gì?",
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"links": [
[
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{
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"expansion": "Santali ᱯᱮ (pe)",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "ba rọi"
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{
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{
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{
"word": "ba xu"
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{
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{
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{
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],
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],
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],
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{
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],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "romanization",
"related": [
{
"word": "sóng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sino-Vietnamese readings"
],
"glosses": [
"Sino-Vietnamese reading of 波"
],
"links": [
[
"Sino-Vietnamese",
"Sino-Vietnamese"
],
[
"波",
"波#Vietnamese"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɓaː˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-ba.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ba.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ba.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ba"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ba meaning in Vietnamese (15.2kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
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"#invoke",
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],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 825497958<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:24:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
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],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 763557737<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:25:08 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 756701012<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:26:03 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
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"#invoke",
"#invoke",
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],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 846070335<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:26:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
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"#invoke",
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],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 843122446<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:27:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
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"path": [
"ba",
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"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 837717328<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:28:49 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 838931224<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:29:44 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 817447683<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:30:39 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 773847059<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:31:34 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"ba",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ba",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 823015418<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 12:32:30 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.