See kovati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ковати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: ковати (kovati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: ковати (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кава́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кава́ць (kavácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кава́ць (kavácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кова́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: кова́ть (kovátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: кова́ть (kovátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кува́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: кува́ти (kuváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: кува́ти (kuváty)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "ковати",
"alt": "кова́ти"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: кова́ти (kováti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: кова́ти (kováti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: ковати (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰲⰰⱅⰹ (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кова́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кова́ (ková)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кова́ (ková)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кове"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: кове (kove)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: кове (kove)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kováti",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kováti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kováti",
"2": "kúti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kováti, kúti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kováti, kúti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kovati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kovati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kovati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kout",
"3": "kovat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kout, kovat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kout, kovat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kuć",
"3": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kuć, kować",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kuć, kować (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôwac"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Slovak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "ковац"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: ковац (kovac)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: ковац (kovac)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kovať",
"3": "kuť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kovať, kuť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kovať, kuť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kowaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kowaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kowaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kauˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kowh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat, to murder"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaût",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kaût (“to fight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cūdere",
"3": "",
"4": "to forge, to beat, to grind"
},
"expansion": "Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hǫggva",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "houwan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuad",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to fight"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-, from the root *kewh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”), Latvian kaût (“to fight”), Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”), Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”), Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”), Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovàti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kovati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kověta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kovati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kušę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kověta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kušę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"3": "h-",
"inf": "kuti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"inf": "kuti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -V-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -V/C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/V-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge"
],
"id": "en-kovati-sla-pro-verb-4zDxaWpy",
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "smithy, smithery",
"word": "kũznь"
},
{
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"word": "kъznь"
},
{
"english": "to crook, to cow",
"word": "kujati"
},
{
"english": "stick, club",
"word": "kyjь"
},
{
"english": "horseshoe",
"word": "podъkova"
},
{
"english": "fitting, forging",
"word": "(obъ)kovъ"
},
{
"english": "smith, blacksmith",
"word": "kovačь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovaľь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovařь"
},
{
"english": "forging",
"sense": "*kovanъ (“smitten”)",
"word": "kovanьje"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kùti"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kovati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ковати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: ковати (kovati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: ковати (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кава́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кава́ць (kavácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кава́ць (kavácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кова́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: кова́ть (kovátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: кова́ть (kovátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кува́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: кува́ти (kuváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: кува́ти (kuváty)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "ковати",
"alt": "кова́ти"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: кова́ти (kováti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: кова́ти (kováti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: ковати (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰲⰰⱅⰹ (kovati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кова́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кова́ (ková)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кова́ (ková)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кове"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: кове (kove)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: кове (kove)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kováti",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kováti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kováti",
"2": "kúti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kováti, kúti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kováti, kúti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kovati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kovati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kovati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kout",
"3": "kovat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kout, kovat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kout, kovat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kuć",
"3": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kuć, kować",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kuć, kować (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôwac"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Slovak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "ковац"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: ковац (kovac)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: ковац (kovac)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kovať",
"3": "kuť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kovať, kuť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kovať, kuť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kować"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kowaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kowaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kowaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kauˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kowh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat, to murder"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaût",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kaût (“to fight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cūdere",
"3": "",
"4": "to forge, to beat, to grind"
},
"expansion": "Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hǫggva",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "houwan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuad",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to fight"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-, from the root *kewh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”), Latvian kaût (“to fight”), Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”), Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”), Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”), Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovàti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kovati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kověta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kovati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koveši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "koveta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kušę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kovete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kovǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kověta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kověmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kověte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kutъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kuję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kušę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kujete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kujita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kujimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kujite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"3": "h-",
"inf": "kuti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"inf": "kuti"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "smithy, smithery",
"word": "kũznь"
},
{
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"word": "kъznь"
},
{
"english": "to crook, to cow",
"word": "kujati"
},
{
"english": "stick, club",
"word": "kyjь"
},
{
"english": "horseshoe",
"word": "podъkova"
},
{
"english": "forging",
"sense": "*kovanъ (“smitten”)",
"word": "kovanьje"
},
{
"english": "fitting, forging",
"word": "(obъ)kovъ"
},
{
"english": "smith, blacksmith",
"word": "kovačь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovaľь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovařь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewh₂-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -V-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -V/C-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/V-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/2root",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/inf",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to forge"
],
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kùti"
}
],
"word": "kovati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kovati meaning in Proto-Slavic (25.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.