See kovaľь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коваль"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коваль (kovalĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коваль (kovalĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "коваль",
"3": "ковалъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: коваль (kovalʹ), ковалъ (koval)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: коваль (kovalʹ), ковалъ (koval)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кава́ль"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кава́ль (kaválʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кава́ль (kaválʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кова́ль"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: кова́ль (koválʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: кова́ль (koválʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кова́ль",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "dialectal, archaic"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: кова́ль (koválʹ) (dialectal, archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: кова́ль (koválʹ) (dialectal, archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ко́ва́ль",
"qq": "dialectal, regional"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ко́ва́ль (kóválʹ) (dialectal, regional)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ко́ва́ль (kóválʹ) (dialectal, regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "*koval"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: *koval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: *koval"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "koval",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Czech: koval (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: koval (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "*kowal"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: *kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: *kowal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kowal"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kowal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kowŏl"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: kowŏl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: kowŏl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "kovaľ"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: kovaľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: kovaľ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "коваль"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: коваль (kovalʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: коваль (kovalʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kováľ",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kováľ (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kováľ (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòwôl"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòwôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòwôl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôwól"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôwól",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôwól"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kowal"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kowal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kovàti",
"3": "*-aľь",
"t1": "to hew, to forge",
"t2": "deverbal"
},
"expansion": "*kovàti (“to hew, to forge”) + *-aľь (“deverbal”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kovàti (“to hew, to forge”) + *-aľь (“deverbal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovàľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovaľь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-aľь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kovàlikъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blacksmith"
],
"id": "en-kovaľь-sla-pro-noun-jq5sVGV-",
"links": [
[
"blacksmith",
"blacksmith"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kovačь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovьcь"
},
{
"english": "forger, artisan",
"word": "kuznьcь"
},
{
"english": "forger",
"word": "kovařь"
},
{
"english": "needle grass",
"word": "kovylь"
},
{
"english": "hammer, club",
"word": "kyjь"
},
{
"english": "forging press",
"word": "kovadlo"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kovaľь"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kovàlikъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коваль"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коваль (kovalĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коваль (kovalĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "коваль",
"3": "ковалъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: коваль (kovalʹ), ковалъ (koval)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: коваль (kovalʹ), ковалъ (koval)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кава́ль"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кава́ль (kaválʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кава́ль (kaválʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кова́ль"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: кова́ль (koválʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: кова́ль (koválʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кова́ль",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "dialectal, archaic"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: кова́ль (koválʹ) (dialectal, archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: кова́ль (koválʹ) (dialectal, archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ко́ва́ль",
"qq": "dialectal, regional"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ко́ва́ль (kóválʹ) (dialectal, regional)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ко́ва́ль (kóválʹ) (dialectal, regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "*koval"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: *koval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: *koval"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "koval",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Czech: koval (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: koval (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "*kowal"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: *kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: *kowal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kowal"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kowal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kowŏl"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: kowŏl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: kowŏl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "kovaľ"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: kovaľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: kovaľ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "коваль"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: коваль (kovalʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: коваль (kovalʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kováľ",
"qq": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kováľ (dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kováľ (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòwôl"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòwôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòwôl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôwól"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôwól",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôwól"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kowal"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kowal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kowal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kovàti",
"3": "*-aľь",
"t1": "to hew, to forge",
"t2": "deverbal"
},
"expansion": "*kovàti (“to hew, to forge”) + *-aľь (“deverbal”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kovàti (“to hew, to forge”) + *-aľь (“deverbal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovàľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovaľь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kovačь"
},
{
"english": "blacksmith",
"word": "kovьcь"
},
{
"english": "forger, artisan",
"word": "kuznьcь"
},
{
"english": "forger",
"word": "kovařь"
},
{
"english": "needle grass",
"word": "kovylь"
},
{
"english": "hammer, club",
"word": "kyjь"
},
{
"english": "forging press",
"word": "kovadlo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-aľь"
],
"glosses": [
"blacksmith"
],
"links": [
[
"blacksmith",
"blacksmith"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kovaľь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kovaľь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.