See podъkova in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "падко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: падко́ва (padkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: падко́ва (padkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "подко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Russian: подко́ва (podkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: подко́ва (podkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "підко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: підко́ва (pidkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: підко́ва (pidkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "підкова"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: підкова (pidkova)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: підкова (pidkova)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "подко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: подко́ва (podkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: подко́ва (podkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "потковица",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Macedonian: потковица (potkovica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Macedonian: потковица (potkovica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "по̀ткова",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: по̀ткова",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: по̀ткова"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pòtkova",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pòtkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pòtkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pódkəv",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pódkəv",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pódkəv"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pódkəv (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pódkəv (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "podkova"
},
"expansion": "Czech: podkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: podkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pòdkòwa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pòdkòwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pòdkòwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "podkova"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: podkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: podkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "potkua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: potkua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: potkua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "potcoavă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: potcoavă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: potcoavă"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*podъ-",
"3": "*kovati",
"t2": "to forge"
},
"expansion": "*podъ- + *kovati (“to forge”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *podъ- + *kovati (“to forge”) (compare *podъ (“beneath, below”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podъkova",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *podъ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horseshoe"
],
"id": "en-podъkova-sla-pro-noun-H5-9Aoxh",
"links": [
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "podъkova"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "падко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: падко́ва (padkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: падко́ва (padkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "подко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Russian: подко́ва (podkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: подко́ва (podkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "підко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: підко́ва (pidkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: підко́ва (pidkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "підкова"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: підкова (pidkova)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: підкова (pidkova)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "подко́ва"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: подко́ва (podkóva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: подко́ва (podkóva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "потковица",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Macedonian: потковица (potkovica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Macedonian: потковица (potkovica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "по̀ткова",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: по̀ткова",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: по̀ткова"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pòtkova",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pòtkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pòtkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pódkəv",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pódkəv",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pódkəv"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pódkəv (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pódkəv (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "podkova"
},
"expansion": "Czech: podkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: podkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pòdkòwa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pòdkòwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pòdkòwa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "podkova"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: podkova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: podkova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "podkowa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: podkowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: podkowa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "potkua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: potkua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: potkua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "potcoavă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: potcoavă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: potcoavă"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*podъ-",
"3": "*kovati",
"t2": "to forge"
},
"expansion": "*podъ- + *kovati (“to forge”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *podъ- + *kovati (“to forge”) (compare *podъ (“beneath, below”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkova",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "podъkovy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podъkova",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *podъ-",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"horseshoe"
],
"links": [
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "podъkova"
}
Download raw JSONL data for podъkova meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.