See duch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for duch meaning in Polish (5.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duchowny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duchowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uduchowiony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "arystokrata ducha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duch miejsca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duchowieństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duchowność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duchowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uduchowienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uduchowić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uduchowiać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uduchownić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uduchowniać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dȗxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dȗxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*dáuṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰows-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰwes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to breathe, breath, spirit"
},
"expansion": "*dʰwes- (“to breathe, breath, spirit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s, from the root *dʰwes- (“to breathe, breath, spirit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duszek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "duszek"
},
"expansion": "duch m animal (diminutive duszek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "du",
"2": "ch"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duszny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dech"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dusza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dyszeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "tchnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 8 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do you believe in ghosts?",
"text": "Wierzysz w duchy?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost (spirit appearing after death)"
],
"id": "en-duch-pl-noun-wun27m7g",
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit"
],
"id": "en-duch-pl-noun-pomZrdMl",
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit, enthusiasm for something"
],
"id": "en-duch-pl-noun-E0JAhUF-",
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dux/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdux/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ux"
}
],
"word": "duch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ux",
"Rhymes:Polish/ux/1 syllable",
"pl:Afterlife"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "duchowny"
},
{
"word": "duchowy"
},
{
"word": "uduchowiony"
},
{
"word": "arystokrata ducha"
},
{
"word": "duch miejsca"
},
{
"word": "duchowieństwo"
},
{
"word": "duchowność"
},
{
"word": "duchowość"
},
{
"word": "uduchowienie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uduchowić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uduchowiać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uduchownić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uduchowniać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dȗxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dȗxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*dáuṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰows-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰwes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to breathe, breath, spirit"
},
"expansion": "*dʰwes- (“to breathe, breath, spirit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s, from the root *dʰwes- (“to breathe, breath, spirit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duszek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duchach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duchu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duchy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "duszek"
},
"expansion": "duch m animal (diminutive duszek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duch"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "du",
"2": "ch"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "duszny"
},
{
"word": "dech"
},
{
"word": "dusza"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dyszeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "tchnąć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do you believe in ghosts?",
"text": "Wierzysz w duchy?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost (spirit appearing after death)"
],
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit"
],
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spirit, enthusiasm for something"
],
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dux/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdux/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ux"
}
],
"word": "duch"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.