"duch" meaning in Polish

See duch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /dux/, /ˈdux/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ux Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*dȗxъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*dȗxъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-anml|dim=duszek}} duch m animal (diminutive duszek) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-anml}} Forms: duszek [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], duch [nominative, singular], duchy [nominative, plural], ducha [genitive, singular], duchów [genitive, plural], duchowi [dative, singular], duchom [dative, plural], ducha [accusative, singular], duchy [accusative, plural], duchem [instrumental, singular], duchami [instrumental, plural], duchu [locative, singular], duchach [locative, plural], duchu [singular, vocative], duchy [plural, vocative]
  1. ghost (spirit appearing after death) Tags: animal-not-person, masculine Categories (topical): Afterlife, Mythological creatures
    Sense id: en-duch-pl-noun-wun27m7g Disambiguation of Afterlife: 80 10 10 Disambiguation of Mythological creatures: 56 15 29 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 75 9 16 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 86 5 9 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 87 5 8 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 87 5 8
  2. spirit Tags: animal-not-person, masculine
    Sense id: en-duch-pl-noun-pomZrdMl
  3. spirit, enthusiasm for something Tags: animal-not-person, masculine
    Sense id: en-duch-pl-noun-E0JAhUF-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: duszny, dech, dusza, dychać [imperfective], dyszeć [imperfective], tchnąć [perfective]
Derived forms: duchowny, duchowy, uduchowiony, arystokrata ducha, duch miejsca, duchowieństwo, duchowność, duchowość, uduchowienie, uduchowić [perfective], uduchowiać [imperfective], uduchownić [perfective], uduchowniać [imperfective]

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duchowny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duchowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "uduchowiony"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "arystokrata ducha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duch miejsca"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duchowieństwo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duchowność"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duchowość"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "uduchowienie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowić"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowiać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchownić"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowniać"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*dȗxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*dȗxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duszek",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ducha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ducha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-anml",
        "dim": "duszek"
      },
      "expansion": "duch m animal (diminutive duszek)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "duch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duszny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dech"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dusza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dychać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dyszeć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "tchnąć"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "75 9 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 5 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 5 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 5 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 10 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "pl:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 15 29",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Mythological creatures",
          "orig": "pl:Mythological creatures",
          "parents": [
            "Fantasy",
            "Mythology",
            "Fiction",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Artistic works",
            "Genres",
            "Society",
            "Art",
            "Entertainment",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you believe in ghosts?",
          "text": "Wierzysz w duchy?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ghost (spirit appearing after death)"
      ],
      "id": "en-duch-pl-noun-wun27m7g",
      "links": [
        [
          "ghost",
          "ghost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spirit"
      ],
      "id": "en-duch-pl-noun-pomZrdMl",
      "links": [
        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spirit, enthusiasm for something"
      ],
      "id": "en-duch-pl-noun-E0JAhUF-",
      "links": [
        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dux/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdux/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Duch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "duch"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish animal nouns",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ux",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ux/1 syllable",
    "pl:Afterlife",
    "pl:Mythological creatures"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "duchowny"
    },
    {
      "word": "duchowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "uduchowiony"
    },
    {
      "word": "arystokrata ducha"
    },
    {
      "word": "duch miejsca"
    },
    {
      "word": "duchowieństwo"
    },
    {
      "word": "duchowność"
    },
    {
      "word": "duchowość"
    },
    {
      "word": "uduchowienie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowiać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchownić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uduchowniać"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*dȗxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*dȗxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȗxъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duszek",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ducha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ducha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-anml",
        "dim": "duszek"
      },
      "expansion": "duch m animal (diminutive duszek)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "duch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "duszny"
    },
    {
      "word": "dech"
    },
    {
      "word": "dusza"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dychać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dyszeć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "tchnąć"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you believe in ghosts?",
          "text": "Wierzysz w duchy?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ghost (spirit appearing after death)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ghost",
          "ghost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spirit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spirit, enthusiasm for something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spirit",
          "spirit"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animal-not-person",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dux/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdux/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Duch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "duch"
}

Download raw JSONL data for duch meaning in Polish (4.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.