See бꙑти in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "бы́ти"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бы́ти (býti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: бы́ти (býti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "быць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: быць (bycʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: быць (bycʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "бы́ти"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: бы́ти (bŷ́ty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: бы́ти (bŷ́ty)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бу́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "быть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: быть (bytʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: быть (bytʹ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бꙑти"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish być",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *byti. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti) and Old Polish być.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byti",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "есмь",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есвѣ",
"roman": "jesvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмъ",
"roman": "jesmŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "еси",
"roman": "jesi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еста",
"roman": "jesta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есте",
"roman": "jeste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"roman": "jestĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "еста",
"roman": "jesta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сѫть",
"roman": "sǫtĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑхъ",
"roman": "byxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣхъ",
"roman": "běxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑховѣ",
"roman": "byxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣховѣ",
"roman": "běxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑхомъ",
"roman": "byxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣхомъ",
"roman": "běxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑ",
"roman": "by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсть",
"roman": "bystĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣ",
"roman": "bě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑста",
"roman": "bysta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣста",
"roman": "běsta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсте",
"roman": "byste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣсте",
"roman": "běste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑ",
"roman": "by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсть",
"roman": "bystĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣ",
"roman": "bě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑста",
"roman": "bysta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣста",
"roman": "běsta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑша",
"roman": "byša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣша",
"roman": "běša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣахъ",
"roman": "běaxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхъ",
"roman": "bjaxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаховѣ",
"roman": "běaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗховѣ",
"roman": "bjaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣахомъ",
"roman": "běaxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхомъ",
"roman": "bjaxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаше",
"roman": "běaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗше",
"roman": "bjaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаста",
"roman": "běasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗста",
"roman": "bjasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣасте",
"roman": "běaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗсте",
"roman": "bjaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаше",
"roman": "běaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗше",
"roman": "bjaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаста",
"roman": "běasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗста",
"roman": "bjasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаша",
"roman": "běaša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗша",
"roman": "bjaša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхѫ",
"roman": "bjaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫди",
"roman": "bǫdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣта",
"roman": "bǫděta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣте",
"roman": "bǫděte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣвѣ",
"roman": "bǫděvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣмъ",
"roman": "bǫděmŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "сꙑ",
"roman": "sy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑвъ",
"roman": "byvŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "L-Participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑлъ",
"roman": "bylŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑти",
"roman": "byti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑтъ",
"roman": "bytŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-table entry",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѫ",
"roman": "bǫdǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдевѣ",
"roman": "bǫdevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдемъ",
"roman": "bǫdemŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдеши",
"roman": "bǫdeši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдета",
"roman": "bǫdeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдете",
"roman": "bǫdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдеть",
"roman": "bǫdetĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдета",
"roman": "bǫdeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѫть",
"roman": "bǫdǫtĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫда",
"roman": "bǫda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "or",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "impf",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "бꙑти (byti) impf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "бꙑти (byti) impf",
"name": "orv-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"бꙑ‧ти"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "есмь",
"10": "бꙑхъ, бѣхъ",
"11": "бꙑ, бꙑсть, бѣ",
"12": "бꙑховѣ, бѣховѣ",
"13": "бꙑста, бѣста",
"14": "бꙑхомъ, бѣхомъ",
"15": "бꙑсте, бѣсте",
"16": "бꙑша, бѣша",
"17": "бѣахъ, бꙗхъ",
"18": "бѣаше, бꙗше",
"19": "бѣаховѣ, бꙗховѣ",
"2": "еси",
"20": "бѣаста, бꙗста",
"21": "бѣахомъ, бꙗхомъ",
"22": "бѣасте, бꙗсте",
"23": "бѣаша, бꙗша, бꙗхѫ",
"24": "бѫди",
"25": "бѫдѣта",
"26": "бѫдѣте",
"27": "бѫдѣвѣ",
"28": "бѫдѣмъ",
"29": "сꙑ",
"3": "есть",
"30": "-",
"31": "бꙑвъ",
"32": "-",
"33": "бꙑлъ",
"4": "есвѣ",
"5": "еста",
"6": "еста",
"7": "есмъ",
"8": "есте",
"9": "сѫть"
},
"name": "orv-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
23
],
[
59,
61
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.",
"ref": "1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 1:",
"roman": "Dobro jestĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·",
"text": "Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-бꙑти-orv-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 12 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Whence has originated the Rus land.",
"ref": "1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:",
"roman": "otŭkudu jestĭ pošla ruskaja zemę.",
"text": "ѿкуду єсть пошла рускаꙗ ꙁемѧ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the l-participle, used to form the past tense."
],
"id": "en-бꙑти-orv-verb-n9EuG~EQ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) With the l-participle, used to form the past tense."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to have to"
],
"id": "en-бꙑти-orv-verb-7wErl4YX",
"links": [
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, verb in the 3rd person singular, subject in the dative) to have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the 3rd person singular",
"in the dative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"subjective",
"verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯti/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯti/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "бꙑти"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old East Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Old East Slavic lemmas",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old East Slavic verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "бы́ти"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: бы́ти (býti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: бы́ти (býti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "быць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: быць (bycʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: быць (bycʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "бы́ти"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: бы́ти (bŷ́ty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: бы́ти (bŷ́ty)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бу́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "быть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: быть (bytʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: быть (bytʹ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*byti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *byti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бꙑти"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "być"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish być",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *byti. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti) and Old Polish być.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byti",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "есмь",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "есвѣ",
"roman": "jesvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "есмъ",
"roman": "jesmŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "еси",
"roman": "jesi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "еста",
"roman": "jesta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есте",
"roman": "jeste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "есть",
"roman": "jestĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "еста",
"roman": "jesta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сѫть",
"roman": "sǫtĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑхъ",
"roman": "byxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣхъ",
"roman": "běxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑховѣ",
"roman": "byxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣховѣ",
"roman": "běxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑхомъ",
"roman": "byxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣхомъ",
"roman": "běxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑ",
"roman": "by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсть",
"roman": "bystĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣ",
"roman": "bě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑста",
"roman": "bysta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣста",
"roman": "běsta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсте",
"roman": "byste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣсте",
"roman": "běste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑ",
"roman": "by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑсть",
"roman": "bystĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣ",
"roman": "bě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑста",
"roman": "bysta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣста",
"roman": "běsta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑша",
"roman": "byša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣша",
"roman": "běša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣахъ",
"roman": "běaxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхъ",
"roman": "bjaxŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаховѣ",
"roman": "běaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗховѣ",
"roman": "bjaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣахомъ",
"roman": "běaxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхомъ",
"roman": "bjaxomŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаше",
"roman": "běaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗше",
"roman": "bjaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаста",
"roman": "běasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗста",
"roman": "bjasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣасте",
"roman": "běaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗсте",
"roman": "bjaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаше",
"roman": "běaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗше",
"roman": "bjaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаста",
"roman": "běasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗста",
"roman": "bjasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѣаша",
"roman": "běaša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗша",
"roman": "bjaša",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙗхѫ",
"roman": "bjaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫди",
"roman": "bǫdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣта",
"roman": "bǫděta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣте",
"roman": "bǫděte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣвѣ",
"roman": "bǫděvě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѣмъ",
"roman": "bǫděmŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "сꙑ",
"roman": "sy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑвъ",
"roman": "byvŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "L-Participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑлъ",
"roman": "bylŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑти",
"roman": "byti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "бꙑтъ",
"roman": "bytŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-table entry",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѫ",
"roman": "bǫdǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдевѣ",
"roman": "bǫdevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдемъ",
"roman": "bǫdemŭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдеши",
"roman": "bǫdeši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдета",
"roman": "bǫdeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдете",
"roman": "bǫdete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдеть",
"roman": "bǫdetĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдета",
"roman": "bǫdeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫдѫть",
"roman": "bǫdǫtĭ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бѫда",
"roman": "bǫda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "or",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "impf",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "бꙑти (byti) impf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "бꙑти (byti) impf",
"name": "orv-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"бꙑ‧ти"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "есмь",
"10": "бꙑхъ, бѣхъ",
"11": "бꙑ, бꙑсть, бѣ",
"12": "бꙑховѣ, бѣховѣ",
"13": "бꙑста, бѣста",
"14": "бꙑхомъ, бѣхомъ",
"15": "бꙑсте, бѣсте",
"16": "бꙑша, бѣша",
"17": "бѣахъ, бꙗхъ",
"18": "бѣаше, бꙗше",
"19": "бѣаховѣ, бꙗховѣ",
"2": "еси",
"20": "бѣаста, бꙗста",
"21": "бѣахомъ, бꙗхомъ",
"22": "бѣасте, бꙗсте",
"23": "бѣаша, бꙗша, бꙗхѫ",
"24": "бѫди",
"25": "бѫдѣта",
"26": "бѫдѣте",
"27": "бѫдѣвѣ",
"28": "бѫдѣмъ",
"29": "сꙑ",
"3": "есть",
"30": "-",
"31": "бꙑвъ",
"32": "-",
"33": "бꙑлъ",
"4": "есвѣ",
"5": "еста",
"6": "еста",
"7": "есмъ",
"8": "есте",
"9": "сѫть"
},
"name": "orv-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic copulative verbs",
"Old East Slavic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
23
],
[
59,
61
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.",
"ref": "1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 1:",
"roman": "Dobro jestĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·",
"text": "Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic auxiliary verbs",
"Old East Slavic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Whence has originated the Rus land.",
"ref": "1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:",
"roman": "otŭkudu jestĭ pošla ruskaja zemę.",
"text": "ѿкуду єсть пошла рускаꙗ ꙁемѧ.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"With the l-participle, used to form the past tense."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) With the l-participle, used to form the past tense."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, verb in the 3rd person singular, subject in the dative) to have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the 3rd person singular",
"in the dative"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"subjective",
"verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯti/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯti/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɯtʲi/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "бꙑти"
}
Download raw JSONL data for бꙑти meaning in Old East Slavic (13.2kB)
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{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Old East Slavic is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: бꙑти byti, style: text-align: left////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Old East Slavic is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: бꙑтъ bytŭ, style: text-align: left////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Cohortative'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Present Active Participle'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Present Passive Participle'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Past Active Participle'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Past Passive Participle'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Future Active Participle'",
"path": [
"бꙑти"
],
"section": "Old East Slavic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "бꙑти",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old East Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.