"reden" meaning in Middle English

See reden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈrɛːdən/, /ˈreːdən/
Etymology: From Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”). Cognate with Danish råde, Dutch raden, German raten, Swedish råda. The development from ‘advise, interpret’ to ‘interpret letters, read’ is unique to English. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|rǣdan||to advise, read}} Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”), {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*rādan}} Proto-West Germanic *rādan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*rēdaną||to advise, counsel}} Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”), {{cog|da|råde}} Danish råde, {{cog|nl|raden}} Dutch raden, {{cog|de|raten}} German raten, {{cog|sv|råda}} Swedish råda Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} reden, {{enm-verb|redeth|redynge|redde|red}} reden (third-person singular simple present redeth, present participle redynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative redde, past participle red) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|red|red|3s2=ret|c=de|c2=irr|p_part2=rad}} Forms: redeth [present, singular, third-person], redynge [participle, present], redde [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], red [participle, past], irregular weak [table-tags], reden [infinitive], to reden [infinitive], rede [infinitive], rede [first-person, present, singular], redde [first-person, past, singular], rede [first-person, past, singular], redest [present, second-person, singular], reddest [past, second-person, singular], redest [past, second-person, singular], redeth [present, singular, third-person], ret [present, singular, third-person], redde [past, singular, third-person], rede [past, singular, third-person], rede [present, singular, subjunctive], redde [past, singular, subjunctive], rede [past, singular, subjunctive], rede [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], reden [plural, present], rede [plural, present], redden [past, plural], redde [past, plural], reden [past, plural], rede [past, plural], redeth [imperative, plural, present], rede [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], redynge [participle, present], redende [participle, present], red [participle, past], rad [participle, past], yred [participle, past], yrad [participle, past]
  1. to counsel, advise
    Sense id: en-reden-enm-verb-nPPZhJAn Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 39 30 30
  2. to study
    Sense id: en-reden-enm-verb-nUOYYRNk
  3. to read
    Sense id: en-reden-enm-verb-OQnC8LFq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: readen, redden, riden, raden, ruden, redan, readan, ræden, rædon [Early-Middle-English] Related terms: adreden, dreden, redere

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "read",
            "3": "rede"
          },
          "expansion": "English: read, rede",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: read, rede"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rede"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rede",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rede"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "reade"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: reade",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: reade"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rǣdan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to advise, read"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rādan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rādan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rēdaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to advise, counsel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "råde"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish råde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "raden"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch raden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "raten"
      },
      "expansion": "German raten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "råda"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish råda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”).\nCognate with Danish råde, Dutch raden, German raten, Swedish råda. The development from ‘advise, interpret’ to ‘interpret letters, read’ is unique to English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "red",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reddest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ret",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "red",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "reden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "redeth",
        "2": "redynge",
        "3": "redde",
        "4": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "reden (third-person singular simple present redeth, present participle redynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative redde, past participle red)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "red",
        "2": "red",
        "3s2": "ret",
        "c": "de",
        "c2": "irr",
        "p_part2": "rad"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "adreden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dreden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "redere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to counsel, advise"
      ],
      "id": "en-reden-enm-verb-nPPZhJAn",
      "links": [
        [
          "counsel",
          "counsel"
        ],
        [
          "advise",
          "advise"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to study"
      ],
      "id": "en-reden-enm-verb-nUOYYRNk",
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to read"
      ],
      "id": "en-reden-enm-verb-OQnC8LFq",
      "links": [
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrɛːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈreːdən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "readen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "redden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "riden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "raden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ruden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "redan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "readan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ræden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ],
      "word": "rædon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "reden"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English irregular weak verbs",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "read",
            "3": "rede"
          },
          "expansion": "English: read, rede",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: read, rede"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rede"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rede",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rede"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "reade"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: reade",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: reade"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rǣdan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to advise, read"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rādan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rādan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rēdaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to advise, counsel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "råde"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish råde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "raden"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch raden",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "raten"
      },
      "expansion": "German raten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "råda"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish råda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English rǣdan (“to advise, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise, counsel”).\nCognate with Danish råde, Dutch raden, German raten, Swedish råda. The development from ‘advise, interpret’ to ‘interpret letters, read’ is unique to English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "red",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reddest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ret",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "redende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "red",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yred",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "reden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "redeth",
        "2": "redynge",
        "3": "redde",
        "4": "red"
      },
      "expansion": "reden (third-person singular simple present redeth, present participle redynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative redde, past participle red)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "red",
        "2": "red",
        "3s2": "ret",
        "c": "de",
        "c2": "irr",
        "p_part2": "rad"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "adreden"
    },
    {
      "word": "dreden"
    },
    {
      "word": "redere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to counsel, advise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "counsel",
          "counsel"
        ],
        [
          "advise",
          "advise"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to study"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to read"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrɛːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈreːdən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "readen"
    },
    {
      "word": "redden"
    },
    {
      "word": "riden"
    },
    {
      "word": "raden"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruden"
    },
    {
      "word": "redan"
    },
    {
      "word": "readan"
    },
    {
      "word": "ræden"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ],
      "word": "rædon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "reden"
}

Download raw JSONL data for reden meaning in Middle English (6.3kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.