"ruden" meaning in Middle English

See ruden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈrudən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|rudian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English rudian, {{inh+|enm|ang|rudian}} Inherited from Old English rudian, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*rodēn}} Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*rudāną}} Proto-Germanic *rudāną, {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*h₁rudʰéh₁ti}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, {{af|enm|rode|-en|id1=ruddiness|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix|t1=ruddiness}} rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} ruden, {{enm-verb|stem=rud}} ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|rud|inf2=0}} Forms: rudeth [present, singular, third-person], rudende [participle, present], rudynge [participle, present], ruded [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], ruden [infinitive], to ruden [infinitive], rude [first-person, present, singular], ruded [first-person, past, singular], rudest [present, second-person, singular], rudedest [past, second-person, singular], rudeth [present, singular, third-person], ruded [past, singular, third-person], rude [present, singular, subjunctive], ruded [past, singular, subjunctive], rude [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], ruden [plural, present], rude [plural, present], rudeden [past, plural], rudede [past, plural], rudeth [imperative, plural, present], rude [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], rudynge [participle, present], rudende [participle, present], ruded [participle, past], yruded [participle, past]
  1. (rare) To redden; to become or make red. Tags: rare Synonyms: rodye
    Sense id: en-ruden-enm-verb--TdlYg5X Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ruden meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rud"
          },
          "expansion": "English: rud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: rud"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English rudian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rodēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rodēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rudāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rode",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "ruddiness",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "ruddiness"
      },
      "expansion": "rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "rud"
      },
      "expansion": "ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rud",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To redden; to become or make red."
      ],
      "id": "en-ruden-enm-verb--TdlYg5X",
      "links": [
        [
          "redden",
          "redden"
        ],
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To redden; to become or make red."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rodye"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrudən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruden"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rud"
          },
          "expansion": "English: rud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: rud"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rudian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rudian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English rudian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rodēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rodēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rudāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rode",
        "3": "-en",
        "id1": "ruddiness",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "ruddiness"
      },
      "expansion": "rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rude",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rudende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yruded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "rud"
      },
      "expansion": "ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rud",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English rare terms",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
        "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Middle English weak verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To redden; to become or make red."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "redden",
          "redden"
        ],
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To redden; to become or make red."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrudən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rodye"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruden"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.