See ruden on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ruden meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rude",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "rude + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rude + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rudening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rudened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, The Poetic Works of Charles Harpur",
"text": "None ever voyaged the wild sea of Life / Less warped and rudened by its stormy strife, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make rude; make raw, simplified, or more robust; toughen."
],
"id": "en-ruden-en-verb-3Rkk-H4g",
"links": [
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make rude; make raw, simplified, or more robust; toughen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "ruden"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
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],
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"definite singular of rude"
],
"id": "en-ruden-da-noun-Lrh6ajyC",
"links": [
[
"rude",
"rude#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "ruden"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rud"
},
"expansion": "English: rud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rud"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rudian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English rudian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rudian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English rudian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rodēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rodēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rudēn"
},
"expansion": "*rudēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rode",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "ruddiness",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "ruddiness"
},
"expansion": "rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rudnen"
},
"expansion": "rudnen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rudende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "rud"
},
"expansion": "ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rud",
"inf2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To redden; to become or make red."
],
"id": "en-ruden-enm-verb--TdlYg5X",
"links": [
[
"redden",
"redden"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To redden; to become or make red."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rodye"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrudən/"
}
],
"word": "ruden"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "ruden c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of rude"
],
"links": [
[
"rude",
"rude#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rude",
"3": "en",
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},
"expansion": "rude + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rude + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rudening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rudened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruden (third-person singular simple present rudens, present participle rudening, simple past and past participle rudened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, The Poetic Works of Charles Harpur",
"text": "None ever voyaged the wild sea of Life / Less warped and rudened by its stormy strife, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make rude; make raw, simplified, or more robust; toughen."
],
"links": [
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make rude; make raw, simplified, or more robust; toughen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "ruden"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rud"
},
"expansion": "English: rud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "rudian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English rudian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rudian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English rudian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rodēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rodēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rudēn"
},
"expansion": "*rudēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rode",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "ruddiness",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "ruddiness"
},
"expansion": "rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rudnen"
},
"expansion": "rudnen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rudende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rudynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rudende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yruded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "rud"
},
"expansion": "ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rud",
"inf2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English rare terms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To redden; to become or make red."
],
"links": [
[
"redden",
"redden"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To redden; to become or make red."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrudən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rodye"
}
],
"word": "ruden"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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