"spriest" meaning in Latvian

See spriest in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [spɾiɛ̂st]
Etymology: This word results from the merging of two stems: (a) Proto-Baltic *spriesti < *spried-ti < Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”) (cf. Sudovian cognate saspriziz (“squeeze, crush”)); and (b) Proto-Baltic *sprensti, from *sprend-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”), from *per-, *sper- (“to pull, to kick, to scatter, to strew, to sputter”) (whence also Latvian spert and sprēgāt, q.v.). The meaning of the (b) forms, perhaps with some influence from the (a) forms, has become dominant, evolving from probably “to pull, to stretch, to drag”, via uses such as sprīdi spriest “to stretch a span”, i.e., “to measure (a span, a gap) by stretching one's fingers”, to “measure” > “evaluate” > “judge”. The (a) form meaning has basically disappeared in standard Latvian, but it can still be found in several dialects, where spriest can still mean “press, squeeze”, and in the standard language in some derived terms (e.g., spriesties, iespriest, saspriest). Cognates of the (b) forms include Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”), Russian прясть (prjastʹ), Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty), Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”), Czech přísti, Polish prząść. Etymology templates: {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*spriesti}} Proto-Baltic *spriesti, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*spreyd-||to press, to squeeze, to block}} Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”), {{cog|xsv|-}} Sudovian, {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*sprensti}} Proto-Baltic *sprensti, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*sprend-||to pull, to stretch, to jump}} Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”), {{cog|lv|spert}} Latvian spert, {{cog|lt|sprę́sti||to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve}} Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”), {{cog|cu|прѧсти||to spin (yarn)}} Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”), {{cog|ru|прясть}} Russian прясть (prjastʹ), {{cog|uk|пря́сти}} Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty), {{cog|bg|преда́||I spin}} Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”), {{cog|cs|přísti}} Czech přísti, {{cog|pl|prząść}} Polish prząść Head templates: {{head|lv|verb|transitive or intransitive||1st conjugation||||||present|spriežu, spried, spriež|past|spriedu|head=spriest}} spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu), {{lv-verb|tr-intr|1st|spriež|spried||spried}} spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu) Inflection templates: {{lv-conj|sprie|spriež|1st|spried||spried|ī|ž/d|width=470}}, {{lv-conj-1|sprie|spriež|spried||spried|ī|ž/d|inf=|kc=|pass=|pol=|prespart=|refl=|stem2=|sz=|width=100%|zstd=d}}, {{lv-conj-table|spriežu|spried|spriež|spriežam|spriežat|spriedu|spriedi|sprieda|spriedām|spriedāt|spriedīšu|spriedīsi|spriedīs|spriedīsim|spriedīsiet, spriedīsit|spried|spriediet|spriežot|spriedīšot|spriestu|jāspriež|jāspriežot|spriedošs|spriezdams|spriežot|spriežam|spriedis|spriežams|spriests|spriešana|inf=|pass=|pol=|prespart=|refl=|width=100%}} Forms: conjugation [first-person], spriežu [present], spried [present], spriež [present], spriedu [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], spriežu [first-person, indicative, present, singular], spriedu [first-person, indicative, past, singular], spriedīšu [first-person, future, indicative, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], spried [indicative, present, second-person, singular], spriedi [indicative, past, second-person, singular], spriedīsi [future, indicative, second-person, singular], spried [imperative, second-person, singular], spriež [indicative, present, singular, third-person], sprieda [indicative, past, singular, third-person], spriedīs [future, indicative, singular, third-person], lai spriež [imperative, singular, third-person], spriežam [first-person, indicative, plural, present], spriedām [first-person, indicative, past, plural], spriedīsim [first-person, future, indicative, plural], spriedīsim [first-person, imperative, plural], spriežat [indicative, plural, present, second-person], spriedāt [indicative, past, plural, second-person], spriedīsiet [future, indicative, plural, second-person], spriedīsit [future, indicative, plural, second-person], spriediet [imperative, plural, second-person], spriež [indicative, plural, present, third-person], sprieda [indicative, past, plural, third-person], spriedīs [future, indicative, plural, third-person], lai spriež [imperative, plural, third-person], spriežot [present, renarrative], spriedošs [active, adjectival, participle, participle-1, present], esot spriedis [past, renarrative], spriezdams [active, adverbial, participle, participle-2, present], spriedīšot [future, renarrative], spriežot [active, adverbial, participle, participle-3, present], lai spriežot [imperative], spriežam [active, participle, participle-4, present], spriedis [active, participle, past], spriestu [conditional, present], spriežams [participle, passive, present], būtu spriedis [conditional, past], spriests [participle, passive, past], jāspriež [debitive, indicative], būt jāspriež [debitive, indicative], spriest [infinitive], esot jāspriež [conjunctive, conjunctive-1, debitive], nespriest [infinitive, negative], jāspriežot [conjunctive, conjunctive-2, debitive], spriešana [noun-from-verb]
  1. to judge (to make or formulate an opinion, a judgment) Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-spriest-lv-verb-dE97hdck
  2. (law) to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court) Tags: intransitive, transitive Categories (topical): Law Synonyms (of "try in court"): tiesāt
    Sense id: en-spriest-lv-verb-i8UkjR7D Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t, Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st, Latvian undefined derivations, Latvian words with broken intonation Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 51 5 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 41 3 55 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 6 94 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 4 96 Disambiguation of Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t: 32 68 Disambiguation of Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st: 32 68 Disambiguation of Latvian undefined derivations: 3 97 Disambiguation of Latvian words with broken intonation: 38 62 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'of "try in court"': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: tiesa, tiesnesis, tiesnese
Derived forms: prefixed verbs:, apspriest, iespriest, izspriest, nospriest, paspriest, pārspriest, piespriest, saspriest, aizspriedums, spriedums, spriesties

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "prefixed verbs:"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "apspriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "iespriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "izspriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nospriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paspriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pārspriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "piespriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "saspriest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aizspriedums"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spriedums"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spriesties"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*spriesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *spriesti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spreyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press, to squeeze, to block"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*sprensti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *sprensti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sprend-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to pull, to stretch, to jump"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "spert"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian spert",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sprę́sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "прѧсти",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to spin (yarn)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прясть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прясть (prjastʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "пря́сти"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "преда́",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "přísti"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech přísti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prząść"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish prząść",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word results from the merging of two stems: (a) Proto-Baltic *spriesti < *spried-ti < Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”) (cf. Sudovian cognate saspriziz (“squeeze, crush”)); and (b) Proto-Baltic *sprensti, from *sprend-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”), from *per-, *sper- (“to pull, to kick, to scatter, to strew, to sputter”) (whence also Latvian spert and sprēgāt, q.v.). The meaning of the (b) forms, perhaps with some influence from the (a) forms, has become dominant, evolving from probably “to pull, to stretch, to drag”, via uses such as sprīdi spriest “to stretch a span”, i.e., “to measure (a span, a gap) by stretching one's fingers”, to “measure” > “evaluate” > “judge”. The (a) form meaning has basically disappeared in standard Latvian, but it can still be found in several dialects, where spriest can still mean “press, squeeze”, and in the standard language in some derived terms (e.g., spriesties, iespriest, saspriest). Cognates of the (b) forms include Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”), Russian прясть (prjastʹ), Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty), Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”), Czech přísti, Polish prząść.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sprieda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriediet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sprieda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriezdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriestu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriests",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nespriest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāspriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriešana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "spriežu, spried, spriež",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "spriedu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "transitive or intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "spriest"
      },
      "expansion": "spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr-intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "spriež",
        "4": "spried",
        "5": "",
        "6": "spried"
      },
      "expansion": "spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sprie",
        "2": "spriež",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "spried",
        "5": "",
        "6": "spried",
        "7": "ī",
        "8": "ž/d",
        "width": "470"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sprie",
        "2": "spriež",
        "3": "spried",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spried",
        "6": "ī",
        "7": "ž/d",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": "d"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spriežu",
        "10": "spriedāt",
        "11": "spriedīšu",
        "12": "spriedīsi",
        "13": "spriedīs",
        "14": "spriedīsim",
        "15": "spriedīsiet,\nspriedīsit",
        "16": "spried",
        "17": "spriediet",
        "18": "spriežot",
        "19": "spriedīšot",
        "2": "spried",
        "20": "spriestu",
        "21": "jāspriež",
        "22": "jāspriežot",
        "23": "spriedošs",
        "24": "spriezdams",
        "25": "spriežot",
        "26": "spriežam",
        "27": "spriedis",
        "28": "spriežams",
        "29": "spriests",
        "3": "spriež",
        "30": "spriešana",
        "4": "spriežam",
        "5": "spriežat",
        "6": "spriedu",
        "7": "spriedi",
        "8": "sprieda",
        "9": "spriedām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tiesa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tiesnesis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tiesnese"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to judge independently",
          "text": "spriest patstāvīgi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge by witness accounts",
          "text": "spriest pēc nostāstiem",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge by outside appearances",
          "text": "spriest pēc ārienes",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge on, about the future",
          "text": "spriest par nākotni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he judges well, correctly",
          "text": "viņš spriež pareizi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I find it difficult to judge on this question",
          "text": "man par šo jautājumu grūti spriest",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "yes, the night seemed cool... you could judge that by the stars",
          "text": "jā, nakts liekas vēsa... to var spriest pēc zvaigznēm",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to judge (to make or formulate an opinion, a judgment)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spriest-lv-verb-dE97hdck",
      "links": [
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make#English"
        ],
        [
          "formulate",
          "formulate#English"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "lv:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 5 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 3 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to pronounce (lit. judge) the verdict",
          "text": "spriest sodu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to dispense (lit. judge) justice",
          "text": "spriest tiesu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "as the court will judge, so it will be (= it will be as the court decides)",
          "text": "kā nu tiesa spriedīs, tā būs",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in criminal court, justice is dispensed (lit. judged) on the basis of every citizen's equality before the law and the courts",
          "text": "krimināllietās tiesu spriež, pamatojoties uz pilsoņu vienlīdzību likuma un tiesas priekšā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spriest-lv-verb-i8UkjR7D",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "try",
          "try"
        ],
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide#English"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case#English"
        ],
        [
          "court",
          "court#English"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make#English"
        ],
        [
          "emit",
          "emit#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "sense": "of \"try in court\"",
          "word": "tiesāt"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[spɾiɛ̂st]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spriest"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian ambitransitive verbs",
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
    "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian verbs",
    "Latvian words with broken intonation",
    "Latvian ž/d type first conjugation verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "prefixed verbs:"
    },
    {
      "word": "apspriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "iespriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "izspriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "nospriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "paspriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "pārspriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "piespriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "saspriest"
    },
    {
      "word": "aizspriedums"
    },
    {
      "word": "spriedums"
    },
    {
      "word": "spriesties"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*spriesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *spriesti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spreyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press, to squeeze, to block"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*sprensti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *sprensti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sprend-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to pull, to stretch, to jump"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "spert"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian spert",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sprę́sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "прѧсти",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to spin (yarn)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "прясть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian прясть (prjastʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "пря́сти"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "преда́",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I spin"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "přísti"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech přísti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prząść"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish prząść",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word results from the merging of two stems: (a) Proto-Baltic *spriesti < *spried-ti < Proto-Indo-European *spreyd- (“to press, to squeeze, to block”) (cf. Sudovian cognate saspriziz (“squeeze, crush”)); and (b) Proto-Baltic *sprensti, from *sprend-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sprend- (“to pull, to stretch, to jump”), from *per-, *sper- (“to pull, to kick, to scatter, to strew, to sputter”) (whence also Latvian spert and sprēgāt, q.v.). The meaning of the (b) forms, perhaps with some influence from the (a) forms, has become dominant, evolving from probably “to pull, to stretch, to drag”, via uses such as sprīdi spriest “to stretch a span”, i.e., “to measure (a span, a gap) by stretching one's fingers”, to “measure” > “evaluate” > “judge”. The (a) form meaning has basically disappeared in standard Latvian, but it can still be found in several dialects, where spriest can still mean “press, squeeze”, and in the standard language in some derived terms (e.g., spriesties, iespriest, saspriest). Cognates of the (b) forms include Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to drive, stick into, to squeeze through, to throw, to stretch; to tighten, to harness; to judge, to decide, to solve”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin (yarn)”), Russian прясть (prjastʹ), Ukrainian пря́сти (prjásty), Bulgarian преда́ (predá, “I spin”), Czech přísti, Polish prząść.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sprieda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriediet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sprieda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriezdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedīšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai spriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriestu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriežams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu spriedis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriests",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāspriež",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nespriest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāspriežot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spriešana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "spriežu, spried, spriež",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "spriedu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "transitive or intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "spriest"
      },
      "expansion": "spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr-intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "spriež",
        "4": "spried",
        "5": "",
        "6": "spried"
      },
      "expansion": "spriest (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spriežu, spried, spriež, past spriedu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sprie",
        "2": "spriež",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "spried",
        "5": "",
        "6": "spried",
        "7": "ī",
        "8": "ž/d",
        "width": "470"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sprie",
        "2": "spriež",
        "3": "spried",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spried",
        "6": "ī",
        "7": "ž/d",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": "d"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spriežu",
        "10": "spriedāt",
        "11": "spriedīšu",
        "12": "spriedīsi",
        "13": "spriedīs",
        "14": "spriedīsim",
        "15": "spriedīsiet,\nspriedīsit",
        "16": "spried",
        "17": "spriediet",
        "18": "spriežot",
        "19": "spriedīšot",
        "2": "spried",
        "20": "spriestu",
        "21": "jāspriež",
        "22": "jāspriežot",
        "23": "spriedošs",
        "24": "spriezdams",
        "25": "spriežot",
        "26": "spriežam",
        "27": "spriedis",
        "28": "spriežams",
        "29": "spriests",
        "3": "spriež",
        "30": "spriešana",
        "4": "spriežam",
        "5": "spriežat",
        "6": "spriedu",
        "7": "spriedi",
        "8": "sprieda",
        "9": "spriedām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "tiesa"
    },
    {
      "word": "tiesnesis"
    },
    {
      "word": "tiesnese"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to judge independently",
          "text": "spriest patstāvīgi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge by witness accounts",
          "text": "spriest pēc nostāstiem",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge by outside appearances",
          "text": "spriest pēc ārienes",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to judge on, about the future",
          "text": "spriest par nākotni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he judges well, correctly",
          "text": "viņš spriež pareizi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I find it difficult to judge on this question",
          "text": "man par šo jautājumu grūti spriest",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "yes, the night seemed cool... you could judge that by the stars",
          "text": "jā, nakts liekas vēsa... to var spriest pēc zvaigznēm",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to judge (to make or formulate an opinion, a judgment)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make#English"
        ],
        [
          "formulate",
          "formulate#English"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Law"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to pronounce (lit. judge) the verdict",
          "text": "spriest sodu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to dispense (lit. judge) justice",
          "text": "spriest tiesu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "as the court will judge, so it will be (= it will be as the court decides)",
          "text": "kā nu tiesa spriedīs, tā būs",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in criminal court, justice is dispensed (lit. judged) on the basis of every citizen's equality before the law and the courts",
          "text": "krimināllietās tiesu spriež, pamatojoties uz pilsoņu vienlīdzību likuma un tiesas priekšā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "try",
          "try"
        ],
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide#English"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case#English"
        ],
        [
          "court",
          "court#English"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make#English"
        ],
        [
          "emit",
          "emit#English"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) to try, to judge (to decide a case in court, to make, to emit a judgment in court)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[spɾiɛ̂st]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"try in court\"",
      "word": "tiesāt"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spriest"
}

Download raw JSONL data for spriest meaning in Latvian (13.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.