See mos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōrālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōrātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōrem gerō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōrigerus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōrōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōs maiōrum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōs prō lēge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mōs Teutonicus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "more"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "mores"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "meo more"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mores"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "mœurs"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "moare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*meh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*mōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *mōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*moh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "“to measure”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to intend"
},
"expansion": "“to intend”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαίομαι",
"3": "",
"4": "to strive"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μοῦσᾰ",
"3": "",
"4": "Muse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă, “Muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "English mood",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "manner"
},
"expansion": "“manner”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "way"
},
"expansion": "“way”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "“to measure”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *mōs, a root noun interpreted as an s-stem noun, of uncertain origin. Generally believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“to intend or be intent upon, to be of strong will”) (though the more common meaning of “to measure” may be the original, with “to intend” as a semantic extension), whence Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”) and perhaps Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă, “Muse”), and also English mood.\nIt has also been conjectured that some senses of mōs, such as those having to do with “manner” and “way”, may indicate a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), compare and contrast modus; if that is true, it would seem to suggest an example of combined etymology or conflation. If two such roots *med- and *meh₁- existed, both meaning “to measure”, it is plausible that the latter was derived from the former via early PIE glottalic *d ~ *h₁ alternation, seen for example in the pair *dwi- : *h₁wi- (“in two; apart”) and possibly in other roots such as *wed- : *weh₁- (“to wet; water”); *h₂ed- : *h₂eh₁- (“to dry (by fire)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "mōris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mōs/mōr<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mōs m (genitive mōris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mōs/mōr<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Quid istuc, quaeso? qui istic mos est, Clitipho? itane fieri oportet?",
"translation": "Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...",
"ref": "27 BCE – 9 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri 28",
"text": "Ceterum asperitas locorum et Celtiberis, quibus in proelio concursare mos est, velocitatem inutilem faciebat...",
"translation": "But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.",
"ref": "60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula LXXXVI",
"text": "Magna ergo me voluptas subiit contemplantem mores Scipionis ac nostros.",
"translation": "It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manner (of behaving), way (of behaving); behavior, conduct"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-kvcTrtaP",
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "modus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "See O tempora, o mores! on Wikipedia.Wikipedia"
},
{
"english": "Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!",
"ref": "160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe",
"text": "Vah! quam vellem etiam noctu amicis operam mos esset dari!",
"translation": "Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.",
"ref": "63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Secunda",
"text": "Interfectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperi severitas et res publica postulabat.",
"translation": "Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.",
"ref": "41 BCE – 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Bello Iugurthino",
"text": "Ceterum mos partium popularium et factionum ac deinde omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae prima mortales ducunt.",
"translation": "Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...",
"ref": "40 BCE – 35 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Historiae Liber IV",
"text": "...qui quidem mos ut tabes in urbem coiectus...",
"translation": "...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...",
"ref": "13 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina, Liber IV",
"text": "...nullis polluitur casta domus stupris, mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas...",
"translation": "...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.",
"ref": "60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula XV",
"text": "Mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem.",
"translation": "The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...",
"ref": "121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VI: Nero",
"text": "Reversus e Graecia Neapolim, quod in ea primum artem protulerat, albis equis introiit disiecta parte muri, ut mos hieronicarum est...",
"translation": "Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.",
"ref": "121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VII: Galba",
"text": "...ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent; fuitque mos triumphantibus, alias confestim eodem loco pangere; et observatum est sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.",
"translation": "...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"custom, habit, practice, usage, wont"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-PxV4rx6i",
"links": [
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
],
[
"wont",
"wont"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "habitus"
},
{
"word": "usus"
},
{
"word": "solitum"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Edepol te, mea Antiphila, laudo et fortunatam iudico, id quom studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent...",
"translation": "In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Vobis cum uno semel ubi aetatem agere decretumst viro, quoius mos maxume consimilis vostrum, hi se ad vos applicant.",
"translation": "With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.",
"ref": "62 BCE – 43 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 13.17.3",
"text": "Spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores eamque quum probitatem, tum etiam humanitatem, ut eum et amicitia tua et tam accurata commendatione, si tibi sit cognitus, dignum sis existimaturus.",
"translation": "I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.",
"ref": "116 CE, Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales",
"text": "Multa sine dubio saevaque Augustus de moribus adulescentis questus, ut exilium eius senatus consulto sanciretur, perfecerat; ceterum in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, neque mortem nepoti pro securitate privigni inlatam credibile erat. Propius vero Tiberium ac Liviam, illum metu, hanc novercalibus odiis, suspecti et invisi iuvenis caedem festinavisse. Nuntianti centurioni, ut mos militiae, factum esse quod imperasset, neque imperasse sese et rationem facti reddendam apud senatum respondit.",
"translation": "It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"character; disposition, inclination, temperament"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-sn2-Y-Ys",
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"inclination",
"inclination"
],
[
"temperament",
"temperament"
]
],
"qualifier": "predominantly plural",
"raw_glosses": [
"(predominantly plural) character; disposition, inclination, temperament"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "animus"
},
{
"word": "dispositiō"
},
{
"word": "inclīnātiō"
},
{
"word": "temperamentum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 14 9 36 20 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.",
"ref": "190 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Truculentus",
"text": "Tu dedisti iam, hic daturust: istuc habeo, hoc expeto. Uerum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententia.",
"translation": "You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I will obey you. But what’s this, please?",
"ref": "191 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Pseudolus",
"text": "Mos tibi geretur. Sed quid hoc, quaeso?",
"translation": "I will obey you. But what’s this, please?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will, self-will, humor, caprice"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-pvlJZ1~j",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"self-will",
"self-will"
],
[
"humor",
"humor"
],
[
"caprice",
"caprice"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbitrium"
},
{
"word": "voluntas"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...",
"ref": "35 BCE – 34 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Satira IX",
"text": "Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis...",
"translation": "I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quality, nature, mode, fashion"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-33LHECkZ",
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transf.) quality, nature, mode, fashion"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precept, law, rule"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-Vfjf5pRk",
"links": [
[
"precept",
"precept"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transf.) precept, law, rule"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin pluralia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 15 13 17 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 15 14 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "la:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?",
"ref": "63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Prima",
"text": "O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?",
"translation": "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"morals, principles"
],
"id": "en-mos-la-noun-GD0zW92-",
"links": [
[
"morals",
"morals"
],
[
"principles",
"principles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) morals, principles"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmoːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɔs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Glottalic theory"
],
"word": "mos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meh₁-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 26 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms borrowed from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation",
"White Hmong verbs",
"la:Philosophy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mōrālis"
},
{
"word": "mōrātus"
},
{
"word": "mōrem gerō"
},
{
"word": "mōrigerus"
},
{
"word": "mōrōsus"
},
{
"word": "mōs maiōrum"
},
{
"word": "mōs prō lēge"
},
{
"word": "mōs Teutonicus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "more"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "mores"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "meo more"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mores"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "mœurs"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "moare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*meh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*mōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *mōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*moh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "“to measure”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to intend"
},
"expansion": "“to intend”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαίομαι",
"3": "",
"4": "to strive"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μοῦσᾰ",
"3": "",
"4": "Muse"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă, “Muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "English mood",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "manner"
},
"expansion": "“manner”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "way"
},
"expansion": "“way”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-",
"4": "",
"5": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "“to measure”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *mōs, a root noun interpreted as an s-stem noun, of uncertain origin. Generally believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“to intend or be intent upon, to be of strong will”) (though the more common meaning of “to measure” may be the original, with “to intend” as a semantic extension), whence Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”) and perhaps Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă, “Muse”), and also English mood.\nIt has also been conjectured that some senses of mōs, such as those having to do with “manner” and “way”, may indicate a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), compare and contrast modus; if that is true, it would seem to suggest an example of combined etymology or conflation. If two such roots *med- and *meh₁- existed, both meaning “to measure”, it is plausible that the latter was derived from the former via early PIE glottalic *d ~ *h₁ alternation, seen for example in the pair *dwi- : *h₁wi- (“in two; apart”) and possibly in other roots such as *wed- : *weh₁- (“to wet; water”); *h₂ed- : *h₂eh₁- (“to dry (by fire)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "mōris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mōribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mōrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mōs/mōr<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mōs m (genitive mōris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mōs/mōr<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Quid istuc, quaeso? qui istic mos est, Clitipho? itane fieri oportet?",
"translation": "Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...",
"ref": "27 BCE – 9 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri 28",
"text": "Ceterum asperitas locorum et Celtiberis, quibus in proelio concursare mos est, velocitatem inutilem faciebat...",
"translation": "But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.",
"ref": "60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula LXXXVI",
"text": "Magna ergo me voluptas subiit contemplantem mores Scipionis ac nostros.",
"translation": "It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manner (of behaving), way (of behaving); behavior, conduct"
],
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "modus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "See O tempora, o mores! on Wikipedia.Wikipedia"
},
{
"english": "Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!",
"ref": "160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe",
"text": "Vah! quam vellem etiam noctu amicis operam mos esset dari!",
"translation": "Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.",
"ref": "63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Secunda",
"text": "Interfectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperi severitas et res publica postulabat.",
"translation": "Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.",
"ref": "41 BCE – 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Bello Iugurthino",
"text": "Ceterum mos partium popularium et factionum ac deinde omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae prima mortales ducunt.",
"translation": "Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...",
"ref": "40 BCE – 35 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Historiae Liber IV",
"text": "...qui quidem mos ut tabes in urbem coiectus...",
"translation": "...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...",
"ref": "13 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina, Liber IV",
"text": "...nullis polluitur casta domus stupris, mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas...",
"translation": "...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.",
"ref": "60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula XV",
"text": "Mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem.",
"translation": "The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...",
"ref": "121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VI: Nero",
"text": "Reversus e Graecia Neapolim, quod in ea primum artem protulerat, albis equis introiit disiecta parte muri, ut mos hieronicarum est...",
"translation": "Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.",
"ref": "121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VII: Galba",
"text": "...ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent; fuitque mos triumphantibus, alias confestim eodem loco pangere; et observatum est sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.",
"translation": "...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"custom, habit, practice, usage, wont"
],
"links": [
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
],
[
"wont",
"wont"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "habitus"
},
{
"word": "usus"
},
{
"word": "solitum"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Edepol te, mea Antiphila, laudo et fortunatam iudico, id quom studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent...",
"translation": "In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.",
"ref": "163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos",
"text": "Vobis cum uno semel ubi aetatem agere decretumst viro, quoius mos maxume consimilis vostrum, hi se ad vos applicant.",
"translation": "With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.",
"ref": "62 BCE – 43 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 13.17.3",
"text": "Spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores eamque quum probitatem, tum etiam humanitatem, ut eum et amicitia tua et tam accurata commendatione, si tibi sit cognitus, dignum sis existimaturus.",
"translation": "I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.",
"ref": "116 CE, Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales",
"text": "Multa sine dubio saevaque Augustus de moribus adulescentis questus, ut exilium eius senatus consulto sanciretur, perfecerat; ceterum in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, neque mortem nepoti pro securitate privigni inlatam credibile erat. Propius vero Tiberium ac Liviam, illum metu, hanc novercalibus odiis, suspecti et invisi iuvenis caedem festinavisse. Nuntianti centurioni, ut mos militiae, factum esse quod imperasset, neque imperasse sese et rationem facti reddendam apud senatum respondit.",
"translation": "It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"character; disposition, inclination, temperament"
],
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"inclination",
"inclination"
],
[
"temperament",
"temperament"
]
],
"qualifier": "predominantly plural",
"raw_glosses": [
"(predominantly plural) character; disposition, inclination, temperament"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "animus"
},
{
"word": "dispositiō"
},
{
"word": "inclīnātiō"
},
{
"word": "temperamentum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.",
"ref": "190 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Truculentus",
"text": "Tu dedisti iam, hic daturust: istuc habeo, hoc expeto. Uerum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententia.",
"translation": "You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I will obey you. But what’s this, please?",
"ref": "191 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Pseudolus",
"text": "Mos tibi geretur. Sed quid hoc, quaeso?",
"translation": "I will obey you. But what’s this, please?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will, self-will, humor, caprice"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"self-will",
"self-will"
],
[
"humor",
"humor"
],
[
"caprice",
"caprice"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbitrium"
},
{
"word": "voluntas"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...",
"ref": "35 BCE – 34 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Satira IX",
"text": "Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis...",
"translation": "I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quality, nature, mode, fashion"
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transf.) quality, nature, mode, fashion"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"precept, law, rule"
],
"links": [
[
"precept",
"precept"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transf.) precept, law, rule"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin pluralia tantum",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?",
"ref": "63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Prima",
"text": "O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?",
"translation": "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"morals, principles"
],
"links": [
[
"morals",
"morals"
],
[
"principles",
"principles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) morals, principles"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmoːs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɔs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Glottalic theory"
],
"word": "mos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mos meaning in Latin (19.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transf.",
"path": [
"mos"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mos",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transf.",
"path": [
"mos"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mos",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transf.",
"path": [
"mos"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mos",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transf.",
"path": [
"mos"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mos",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.