"cum" meaning in Latin

See cum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /kum/ [Classical], [kʊ̃ˑ] [Classical], /kum/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [kum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Old Latin quom, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm, accusative of *kʷos, *kʷis. Compare its feminine form quam (as in tum-tam). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-ola|quom}} Old Latin quom, {{der|la|ine-pro|*kʷóm}} Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm, {{m|ine-pro|*kʷos}} *kʷos, {{m|ine-pro|*kʷis}} *kʷis, {{m|la|quam}} quam, {{m|la|tum}} tum, {{m|la|tam}} tam Head templates: {{head|la|conjunction|followed by the subjunctive}} cum (followed by the subjunctive), {{head|la|conjunction|followed by the indicative}} cum (followed by the indicative)
  1. when, after (causal, with imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive)
    Sense id: en-cum-la-conj-qIydywvk
  2. because, since
    Sense id: en-cum-la-conj-NCr9SFzZ
  3. although
    Sense id: en-cum-la-conj-Lh12V51E
  4. when, while (temporal, with present indicative or perfect indicative)
    Sense id: en-cum-la-conj--Vp2DzQJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: , (english: medieval, renaissance, early modern) [abbreviation], kom, com [Latin, archaic], -cum (english: used with pronouns), quom (english: ante-classical), quum [obsolete] Derived forms: quomque, cumque, quondam, quoniam, umquam Coordinate_terms: tum
Etymology number: 2

Preposition

IPA: /kum/ [Classical], [kʊ̃ˑ] [Classical], /kum/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [kum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”), Proto-Germanic *hansō. More at Hanse. The ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental. Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-ola|com}} Old Latin com, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*kom}} Proto-Italic *kom, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ḱóm||next to, at, with, along}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”), {{cog|gem-pro|*ga-||co-}} Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), {{cog|sla-pro|*sъ(n)||with}} Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hansō}} Proto-Germanic *hansō Head templates: {{la-prep|ablative}} cum (+ ablative)
  1. with, along with Tags: with-ablative
    Sense id: en-cum-la-prep-QyH9je3b Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 15 0 0 8 39 21 17
  2. at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides) Tags: with-ablative
    Sense id: en-cum-la-prep-AE5MDqYC
  3. -fold (with ordinal number) Tags: with-ablative
    Sense id: en-cum-la-prep-Ztb-Lbjo Categories (other): Latin ablative prepositions, Latin prepositions Disambiguation of Latin ablative prepositions: 22 32 46 Disambiguation of Latin prepositions: 23 33 44
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: , (english: medieval, renaissance, early modern) [abbreviation], kom, com [Latin, archaic], -cum (english: used with pronouns)
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: co-, col-, com-, con-, contrā, cor-, cum laude, cum primis, cum privilegio, donec, egregia cum laude, magna cum laude, maxima cum laude, mecum, nobiscum, summa cum laude, tecum, vobiscum

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for cum meaning in Latin (10.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "co-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "col-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "com-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "con-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "contrā"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cor-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cum laude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cum primis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cum privilegio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "donec"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "egregia cum laude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "magna cum laude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "maxima cum laude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mecum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "nobiscum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "summa cum laude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tecum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vobiscum"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cum",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "con",
            "3": "cun",
            "4": "co"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: con, cun, co",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: con, cun, co"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "cù",
            "3": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: cù, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: cù, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "cun",
            "3": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: cun, cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: cun, cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ist",
            "2": "cun",
            "3": "cu'"
          },
          "expansion": "Istriot: cun, cu'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istriot: cun, cu'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lld",
            "2": "con",
            "3": "co",
            "4": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Ladin: con, co, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ladin: con, co, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "cond"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: cond",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: cond"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruq",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Megleno-Romanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwl",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Mirandese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mirandese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: con\nFala: con\nGalician: con\nPortuguese: com (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: con\nFala: con\nGalician: con\nPortuguese: com (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-leo",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Leonese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Leonese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "chin",
            "3": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: chin, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: chin, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "co"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: co",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: co"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "com"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin com",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*kom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *kom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱóm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "next to, at, with, along"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*ga-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "co-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sъ(n)",
        "3": "",
        "4": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hansō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hansō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”), Proto-Germanic *hansō. More at Hanse.\nThe ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ablative"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (+ ablative)",
      "name": "la-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 0 0 8 39 21 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Titus lives with his family.",
          "text": "Titus cum familiā habitat.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "with great praise",
          "text": "magnā cum laude",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with, along with"
      ],
      "id": "en-cum-la-prep-QyH9je3b",
      "links": [
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "along with",
          "along with"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The soldiers came at day-break.",
          "text": "Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cum-la-prep-AE5MDqYC",
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 32 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin ablative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Ablative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 33 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to yield a hundredfold",
          "text": "cum centesimo efficere",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-fold (with ordinal number)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cum-la-prep-Ztb-Lbjo",
      "links": [
        [
          "-fold",
          "-fold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "medieval, renaissance, early modern",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "ꝯ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "com"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "used with pronouns",
      "word": "-cum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cum"
}

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tum"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quomque"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cumque"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quondam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quoniam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "umquam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "quom"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin quom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷóm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷis"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "quam"
      },
      "expansion": "quam",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tum"
      },
      "expansion": "tum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tam"
      },
      "expansion": "tam",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin quom, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm, accusative of *kʷos, *kʷis. Compare its feminine form quam (as in tum-tam).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "3": "followed by the subjunctive"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (followed by the subjunctive)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "3": "followed by the indicative"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (followed by the indicative)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "when, after (causal, with imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-cum-la-conj-qIydywvk"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "because, since"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-cum-la-conj-NCr9SFzZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ],
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-cum-la-conj-Lh12V51E",
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "when, while (temporal, with present indicative or perfect indicative)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en-cum-la-conj--Vp2DzQJ"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "medieval, renaissance, early modern",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "ꝯ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "com"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "used with pronouns",
      "word": "-cum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "ante-classical",
      "word": "quom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "quum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cum"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin ablative prepositions",
    "Latin conjunctions",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin prepositions",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "co-"
    },
    {
      "word": "col-"
    },
    {
      "word": "com-"
    },
    {
      "word": "con-"
    },
    {
      "word": "contrā"
    },
    {
      "word": "cor-"
    },
    {
      "word": "cum laude"
    },
    {
      "word": "cum primis"
    },
    {
      "word": "cum privilegio"
    },
    {
      "word": "donec"
    },
    {
      "word": "egregia cum laude"
    },
    {
      "word": "magna cum laude"
    },
    {
      "word": "maxima cum laude"
    },
    {
      "word": "mecum"
    },
    {
      "word": "nobiscum"
    },
    {
      "word": "summa cum laude"
    },
    {
      "word": "tecum"
    },
    {
      "word": "vobiscum"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cum",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "con",
            "3": "cun",
            "4": "co"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: con, cun, co",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: con, cun, co"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "cù",
            "3": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: cù, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: cù, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "cun",
            "3": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: cun, cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: cun, cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ist",
            "2": "cun",
            "3": "cu'"
          },
          "expansion": "Istriot: cun, cu'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istriot: cun, cu'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lld",
            "2": "con",
            "3": "co",
            "4": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Ladin: con, co, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ladin: con, co, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "cond"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: cond",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: cond"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruq",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Megleno-Romanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwl",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Mirandese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mirandese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: con\nFala: con\nGalician: con\nPortuguese: com (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: con\nFala: con\nGalician: con\nPortuguese: com (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rgn",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Romagnol: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romagnol: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-leo",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Leonese: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Leonese: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "chin",
            "3": "cun"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: chin, cun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: chin, cun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "cu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: cu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: cu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "con"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: con",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: con"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "co"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: co",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: co"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "com"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin com",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*kom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *kom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱóm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "next to, at, with, along"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*ga-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "co-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*sъ(n)",
        "3": "",
        "4": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hansō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hansō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”), Proto-Germanic *hansō. More at Hanse.\nThe ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ablative"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (+ ablative)",
      "name": "la-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Titus lives with his family.",
          "text": "Titus cum familiā habitat.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "with great praise",
          "text": "magnā cum laude",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with, along with"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ],
        [
          "along with",
          "along with"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The soldiers came at day-break.",
          "text": "Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "at",
          "at"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to yield a hundredfold",
          "text": "cum centesimo efficere",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-fold (with ordinal number)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-fold",
          "-fold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-ablative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cũ"
    },
    {
      "english": "medieval, renaissance, early modern",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "ꝯ"
    },
    {
      "word": "kom"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "com"
    },
    {
      "english": "used with pronouns",
      "word": "-cum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin conjunctions",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "tum"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "quomque"
    },
    {
      "word": "cumque"
    },
    {
      "word": "quondam"
    },
    {
      "word": "quoniam"
    },
    {
      "word": "umquam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "quom"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin quom",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷóm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kʷis"
      },
      "expansion": "*kʷis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "quam"
      },
      "expansion": "quam",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tum"
      },
      "expansion": "tum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tam"
      },
      "expansion": "tam",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin quom, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm, accusative of *kʷos, *kʷis. Compare its feminine form quam (as in tum-tam).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "3": "followed by the subjunctive"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (followed by the subjunctive)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conjunction",
        "3": "followed by the indicative"
      },
      "expansion": "cum (followed by the indicative)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "when, after (causal, with imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "because, since"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ],
        [
          "since",
          "since"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "although"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "when, while (temporal, with present indicative or perfect indicative)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 2
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "ante-classical",
      "word": "quom"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "quum"
    },
    {
      "word": "cũ"
    },
    {
      "english": "medieval, renaissance, early modern",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "ꝯ"
    },
    {
      "word": "kom"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "com"
    },
    {
      "english": "used with pronouns",
      "word": "-cum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cum"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: followed by the subjunctive",
  "path": [
    "cum"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "conjunction",
  "title": "cum",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: followed by the indicative",
  "path": [
    "cum"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "conjunction",
  "title": "cum",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.