"食む" meaning in Japanese

See 食む in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ha̠mɯ̟]
Etymology: /pamu/ → /famu/ → /hamu/ From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese Head templates: {{ja-verb|はむ|tr=trans|type=1}} 食(は)む • (hamu) transitive godan (stem 食(は)み (hami), past 食(は)んだ (handa)) Forms: 食む [canonical] (ruby: ()), hamu [romanization], 食み [stem] (ruby: ()), 食んだ [past] (ruby: ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 食ま [error-unrecognized-form], はま [error-unrecognized-form], hama [error-unrecognized-form], 食み [error-unrecognized-form], はみ [error-unrecognized-form], hami [error-unrecognized-form], 食む [error-unrecognized-form], はむ [error-unrecognized-form], hamu [error-unrecognized-form], 食め [error-unrecognized-form], はめ [error-unrecognized-form], hame [error-unrecognized-form], 食まれる [passive], はまれる [passive], hamareru [passive], 食ませる [causative], 食ます [causative], はませる [causative], はます [causative], hamaseru [causative], hamasu [causative], 食める [potential], はめる [potential], hameru [potential], 食もう [volitional], はもう [volitional], hamō [volitional], 食まない [negative], はまない [negative], hamanai [negative], 食まず [continuative, negative], はまず [continuative, negative], hamazu [continuative, negative], 食みます [formal], はみます [formal], hamimasu [formal], 食んだ [perfective], はんだ [perfective], handa [perfective], 食んで [conjunctive], はんで [conjunctive], hande [conjunctive], 食めば [conditional, hypothetical], はめば [conditional, hypothetical], hameba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. (archaic, dialectal) to chew and ingest food; to eat Tags: archaic, dialectal Synonyms: 食う, 食べる
    Sense id: en-食む-ja-verb-~cmaKePt Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu: 32 33 35 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 30 32 39 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 32 32 36 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 35 35
  2. to get paid, receive a stipend (from a duty, work, etc.)
    Sense id: en-食む-ja-verb-C3ncftub Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu: 32 33 35 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 30 32 39 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 32 32 36 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 35 35
  3. to harm, injure Synonyms: 害する, 損なう
    Sense id: en-食む-ja-verb-TlPjKo4J Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 34 29 Disambiguation of Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu: 32 33 35 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 30 32 39 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 32 32 36 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 31 37 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 35 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 31 39
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: 金の轡を食ます (kane no kutsuwa o hamasu) (ruby: (かね), (くつわ), ()), 言を食む (gen o hamu) (ruby: (げん), ()) (english: eat one's words), 禄を食む (roku o hamu) (ruby: (ろく), ())
Derived forms: 食み (hami) (ruby: ()), 食み跡 (hamiato) (ruby: (), (あと)), 食み返る, 癁る (hamikaeru), 食み出す (hamidasu) (ruby: (), ()), 食み出る (hamideru) (ruby: (), ()), 食み物 (hamimono) (ruby: (), (もの)), 相食む (aihamu) (ruby: (あい), ()), 餌食む (ebamu) (ruby: 餌食(えば)), 啄む (tsuibamu) (ruby: (ついば)), 一人食み (hitoribami) (ruby: 一人(ひとり), ()), 蝕む, 虫食む (mushibamu), 物食み, (monohami), もり食む (morihamu) (ruby: ())
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hamiato",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "跡",
          "あと"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み跡"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "食み返る"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hamikaeru",
      "word": "癁る"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hamidasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "出",
          "だ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み出す"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hamideru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み出る"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hamimono",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "物",
          "もの"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "aihamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "相",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "相食む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "ebamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "餌食",
          "えば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "餌食む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "tsuibamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "啄",
          "ついば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "啄む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hitoribami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "一人",
          "ひとり"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "ば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "一人食み"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "蝕む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "mushibamu",
      "word": "虫食む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "物食み"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "monohami",
      "word": "膆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "morihamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "もり食む"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/pamu/ → /famu/ → /hamu/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "食む",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食み",
      "roman": "hami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んだ",
      "roman": "handa",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hama",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食み",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hami",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食もう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食みます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "handa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食めば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hameba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はむ",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "食(は)む • (hamu) transitive godan (stem 食(は)み (hami), past 食(は)んだ (handa))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kane no kutsuwa o hamasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "金",
          "かね"
        ],
        [
          "轡",
          "くつわ"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "金の轡を食ます"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "eat one's words",
      "roman": "gen o hamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "言",
          "げん"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "言を食む"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "roku o hamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "禄",
          "ろく"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "禄を食む"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 34 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to graze",
          "roman": "kusa o hamu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "草",
              "くさ"
            ],
            [
              "食",
              "は"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "草を食む",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew and ingest food; to eat"
      ],
      "id": "en-食む-ja-verb-~cmaKePt",
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "ingest",
          "ingest"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ],
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, dialectal) to chew and ingest food; to eat"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "食う"
        },
        {
          "word": "食べる"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 34 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get paid, receive a stipend (from a duty, work, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-食む-ja-verb-C3ncftub",
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "paid",
          "pay"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive"
        ],
        [
          "stipend",
          "stipend"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty#English"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 34 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harm, injure"
      ],
      "id": "en-食む-ja-verb-TlPjKo4J",
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injure",
          "injure"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "害する"
        },
        {
          "word": "損なう"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "はむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "食む"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese godan verbs",
    "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "hami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hamiato",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "跡",
          "あと"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み跡"
    },
    {
      "word": "食み返る"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hamikaeru",
      "word": "癁る"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hamidasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "出",
          "だ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み出す"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hamideru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "出",
          "で"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み出る"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hamimono",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ],
        [
          "物",
          "もの"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "食み物"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aihamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "相",
          "あい"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "相食む"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ebamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "餌食",
          "えば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "餌食む"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tsuibamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "啄",
          "ついば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "啄む"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hitoribami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "一人",
          "ひとり"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "ば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "一人食み"
    },
    {
      "word": "蝕む"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mushibamu",
      "word": "虫食む"
    },
    {
      "word": "物食み"
    },
    {
      "roman": "monohami",
      "word": "膆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "morihamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "もり食む"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/pamu/ → /famu/ → /hamu/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "食む",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食み",
      "roman": "hami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んだ",
      "roman": "handa",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-mu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hama",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食み",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hami",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食む",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食ます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食もう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食まず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食みます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hamimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "handa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食んで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "食めば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hameba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はむ",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "食(は)む • (hamu) transitive godan (stem 食(は)み (hami), past 食(は)んだ (handa))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "kane no kutsuwa o hamasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "金",
          "かね"
        ],
        [
          "轡",
          "くつわ"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "金の轡を食ます"
    },
    {
      "english": "eat one's words",
      "roman": "gen o hamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "言",
          "げん"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "言を食む"
    },
    {
      "roman": "roku o hamu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "禄",
          "ろく"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "は"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "禄を食む"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese dialectal terms",
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to graze",
          "roman": "kusa o hamu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "草",
              "くさ"
            ],
            [
              "食",
              "は"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "草を食む",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew and ingest food; to eat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "ingest",
          "ingest"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ],
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, dialectal) to chew and ingest food; to eat"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "食う"
        },
        {
          "word": "食べる"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to get paid, receive a stipend (from a duty, work, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "paid",
          "pay"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive"
        ],
        [
          "stipend",
          "stipend"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty#English"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to harm, injure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injure",
          "injure"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "害する"
        },
        {
          "word": "損なう"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "はむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "食む"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 食む meaning in Japanese (7.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "食む"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "食む",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.