See 食べる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"etymology_text": "From earlier Old Japanese form 食ぶ (tabu, “to (humbly) receive or get”, from a superior), a verb with the 下二段 (shimo nidan) or lower bigrade conjugation pattern. This was the humble form of 賜ぶ, 給ぶ (tabu, “to (deign to) give”, to an inferior), a verb with the full 四段 (yodan) or quadrigrade conjugation pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nMost likely cognate with 給う (tamau, “to give”, as a superior gives a thing to, or does something for, an inferior).\nCompare the historical development of meaning from “to humbly receive” → “to eat”, with the modern use of the humble verb 頂く (itadaku, “to receive”) just before eating, in a sense of “I humbly receive this food.”",
"forms": [
{
"form": "食べる",
"ruby": [
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"食",
"た"
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],
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},
{
"form": "taberu",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "食べ",
"roman": "tabe",
"ruby": [
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"食",
"た"
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "たべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "食べる",
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "たべる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "taberu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "食べれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たべれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tabere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "食べよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"imperative",
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},
{
"form": "食べろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"form": "たべよ",
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"form": "tabero",
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{
"form": "食べられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "たべられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "taberareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "食べさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "たべさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "たべさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "tabesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "tabesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "食べれる",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
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},
{
"form": "tabereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
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},
{
"form": "食べよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たべよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tabeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "食べない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべん",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
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},
{
"form": "tabenai",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "tabenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たべます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tabemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "食べた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たべた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tabeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "食べて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たべて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tabete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "食べれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たべれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tabereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "食(た)べる • (taberu) transitive ichidan (stem 食(た)べ (tabe), past 食(た)べた (tabeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to eat a meal",
"roman": "go-han o taberu",
"ruby": [
[
"飯",
"はん"
],
[
"食",
"た"
]
],
"text": "ご飯を食べる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to eat with chopsticks",
"roman": "hashi de taberu",
"ruby": [
[
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"はし"
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[
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"た"
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],
"text": "箸で食べる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'll go to Ginza today to eat sushi.",
"roman": "Kyō wa, sushi o tabe ni Ginza ni ikimasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"今日",
"きょう"
],
[
"寿",
"す"
],
[
"司",
"し"
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[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"銀",
"ぎん"
],
[
"座",
"ざ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "今日は、寿司を食べに銀座に行きます。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in order to make a living (lit. in order to keep eating)",
"roman": "tabeteiku tame ni",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"た"
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],
"text": "食べていくために",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"id": "en-食べる-ja-verb-Unr3wQmn",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"examples": [
{
"english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
"ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 594:",
"text": "Tabe, uru, eta. タベ, ブル, ベタ (食べ, ぶる, べた) 食う, または, 飲む.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-食べる-ja-verb-2cIkVYOn",
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たべる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠be̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"ruby": [
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[
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},
{
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"ruby": [
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],
"tags": [
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"vulgar"
],
"word": "食う"
},
{
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"roman": "maboru",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "まぼる"
},
{
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"roman": "maguraru",
"word": "まぐらる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"ruby": [
[
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"sense": "of animals",
"word": "食む"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "食べる"
}
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"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
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"etymology_text": "From earlier Old Japanese form 食ぶ (tabu, “to (humbly) receive or get”, from a superior), a verb with the 下二段 (shimo nidan) or lower bigrade conjugation pattern. This was the humble form of 賜ぶ, 給ぶ (tabu, “to (deign to) give”, to an inferior), a verb with the full 四段 (yodan) or quadrigrade conjugation pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nMost likely cognate with 給う (tamau, “to give”, as a superior gives a thing to, or does something for, an inferior).\nCompare the historical development of meaning from “to humbly receive” → “to eat”, with the modern use of the humble verb 頂く (itadaku, “to receive”) just before eating, in a sense of “I humbly receive this food.”",
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"ruby": [
[
"食",
"た"
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "taberu",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "食べ",
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"ruby": [
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"roman": "tabeta",
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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{
"form": "食べ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "たべ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"form": "tabe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "食べる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "たべる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taberu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "食べれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たべれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tabere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "食べよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "食べろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "たべろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tabero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たべられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "taberareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "食べさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "食べれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たべられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たべれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "taberareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tabereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "食べよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たべよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tabeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "食べない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たべず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tabezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "食べます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たべます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tabemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "食べた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たべた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tabeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "食べて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たべて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tabete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "食べれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たべれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tabereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たべる",
"tr": "transitive",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "食(た)べる • (taberu) transitive ichidan (stem 食(た)べ (tabe), past 食(た)べた (tabeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to eat a meal",
"roman": "go-han o taberu",
"ruby": [
[
"飯",
"はん"
],
[
"食",
"た"
]
],
"text": "ご飯を食べる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to eat with chopsticks",
"roman": "hashi de taberu",
"ruby": [
[
"箸",
"はし"
],
[
"食",
"た"
]
],
"text": "箸で食べる",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'll go to Ginza today to eat sushi.",
"roman": "Kyō wa, sushi o tabe ni Ginza ni ikimasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"今日",
"きょう"
],
[
"寿",
"す"
],
[
"司",
"し"
],
[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"銀",
"ぎん"
],
[
"座",
"ざ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "今日は、寿司を食べに銀座に行きます。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in order to make a living (lit. in order to keep eating)",
"roman": "tabeteiku tame ni",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"た"
]
],
"text": "食べていくために",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese humble terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Portuguese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
"ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 594:",
"text": "Tabe, uru, eta. タベ, ブル, ベタ (食べ, ぶる, べた) 食う, または, 飲む.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat or drink"
],
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, humble) to eat or drink"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"humble"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たべる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠be̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "meshiagaru",
"ruby": [
[
"召",
"め"
],
[
"上",
"あ"
]
],
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "召し上がる"
},
{
"roman": "kuu",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "食う"
},
{
"roman": "hamu",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"は"
]
],
"sense": "of animals",
"word": "食む"
},
{
"roman": "maboru",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "まぼる"
},
{
"roman": "maguraru",
"word": "まぐらる"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "食べる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 食べる meaning in Japanese (9.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"食べる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "食べる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.