See 形 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 形 meaning in Japanese (28.2kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the phonosemantic formation of a kanji character from elements signifying meaning and elements signifying sound",
"roman": "keisei",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"声",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "形声"
},
{
"english": "formation, shape",
"roman": "keisei",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"成",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "形成"
},
{
"roman": "keijika",
"word": "形而下: physical"
},
{
"word": "material"
},
{
"english": "metaphysical",
"roman": "keijijō",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "形而上"
},
{
"english": "metaphysics",
"roman": "keijijōgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "形而上学"
},
{
"roman": "keiyōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"容",
"よう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "形容詞: adjective"
},
{
"roman": "keiyōdōshi",
"tags": [
"Japanese"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形容動詞: adjectival noun"
},
{
"word": "na- adjective"
},
{
"english": "shape, form",
"roman": "keitai",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
]
],
"word": "形態"
},
{
"roman": "keitaigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "形態学: morphology"
},
{
"roman": "keitairon",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
]
],
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形態論: morphology"
},
{
"english": "physical shape",
"roman": "keitai",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"体",
"たい"
]
],
"word": "形体"
},
{
"english": "a facial expression, a look",
"roman": "gyōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"相",
"そう"
]
],
"word": "形相"
},
{
"roman": "keisō",
"topics": [
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形相: the form"
},
{
"word": "the eidos"
},
{
"word": "the Platonic ideal"
},
{
"english": "protoplasm",
"roman": "genkeishitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"原",
"げん"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"質",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "原形質"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shape, form, style"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-character-dy6pXmQ4",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"style",
"style"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kata-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "堅い"
},
"expansion": "堅い",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "堅い",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "堅い",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "堅い"
},
"expansion": "堅い",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "硬い"
},
"expansion": "硬い",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "硬い",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "硬い",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "硬い"
},
"expansion": "硬い",
"name": "ja-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "固い",
"t": "hard",
"tr": "katai"
},
"expansion": "固い (katai, “hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nProbably related to 堅い / 硬い / 固い (katai, “hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kata",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "かた"
},
"expansion": "形(かた) • (kata)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a shape"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-2el87dpx",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a form"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-6ZeSBvwV",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a pattern, die, or model from which copies are made"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-12jATxon",
"links": [
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"die",
"die"
],
[
"model",
"model"
],
[
"copies",
"copies"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"collateral for borrowed money"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-LSjIlor4",
"links": [
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "縵面"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 7 33 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on a coin, the side with writing on it"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-E2ZeSGhE",
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "gata-kabuki"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kata",
"2": "gata",
"sort": "かた'"
},
"expansion": "The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "女形",
"lit": "woman form",
"tr": "onnagata"
},
"expansion": "女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "形"
},
"expansion": "形",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nDerived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.\nThe standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がだ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gata",
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},
{
"form": "gada",
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"romanization"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "がた",
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},
"expansion": "形(がた) or 形(がだ) • (gata or gada)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater",
"word": "女形"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Theater",
"orig": "ja:Theater",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 2 1 6 3 1 3 2 2 0 1 4 5 7 1 0 8 1 1 7 2 4 3 3 4 7 1 1 3 2 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 2 0 1 5 8 10 2 0 9 1 0 11 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 4 2 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
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{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "70 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 女形 (onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-1Axp3GjP",
"links": [
[
"theater",
"theater"
],
[
"女形",
"女形#Japanese"
],
[
"kabuki",
"kabuki"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(kabuki, theater) Short for 女形 (onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "女形"
},
{
"word": "お山"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"theater"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "gata-kabuki"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kata",
"2": "gata",
"sort": "かた'"
},
"expansion": "The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
"expansion": "形",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nDerived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.\nThe standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-gata",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "がた"
},
"expansion": "形(がた) • (-gata)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a whirlpool shape",
"roman": "uzumakigata",
"ruby": [
[
"渦",
"うず"
],
[
"巻",
"ま"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "渦巻き形"
},
{
"english": "an egg shape",
"roman": "tamagogata",
"ruby": [
[
"卵",
"たまご"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "卵形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the shape or form of the affixed noun"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-~vVMPuM-",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"qualifier": "affixed to nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(affixed to nouns): the shape or form of the affixed noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a scholar type",
"roman": "gakushagata",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "学者形"
},
{
"english": "a hero type",
"roman": "eiyūgata",
"ruby": [
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"雄",
"ゆう"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "英雄形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-s-SWOBve",
"links": [
[
"on'yomi",
"on'yomi"
],
[
"typical",
"typical"
],
[
"type",
"type"
]
],
"qualifier": "affixed to on'yomi nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(affixed to on'yomi nouns): a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
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},
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"name": "suffix"
}
],
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{
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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"links": [
[
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],
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]
},
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{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
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{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "2 3 1 2 5 7 8 2 0 10 2 1 9 3 6 3 3 5 8 2 2 4 2 3 3 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 4 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with ち",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form, as opposed to substance"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-ywFvjgtE",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かたち"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the volitional form",
"roman": "ikōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"意",
"い"
],
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "意向形"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kei-form"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "形"
},
"expansion": "形 (MC heng)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "形",
"tr": "xíng"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 形 (xíng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 形 (MC heng). Compare modern Mandarin 形 (xíng). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-kei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "けい"
},
"expansion": "形(けい) • (-kei)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "ja:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the past tense",
"roman": "kakokei",
"ruby": [
[
"過",
"か"
],
[
"去",
"こ"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "過去形"
},
{
"english": "the future tense",
"roman": "shōraikei",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "将来形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grammatical tense"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-hopcN9ZM",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) grammatical tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 1 3 5 7 2 0 6 2 1 7 2 3 4 4 5 7 3 2 6 10 4 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "ja:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the continuative form",
"roman": "ren'yōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"れん"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "連用形"
},
{
"english": "the imperative or command form",
"roman": "meireikei",
"ruby": [
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "命令形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a conjugation form of a verb"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-anN-grco",
"links": [
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Japanese grammar) a conjugation form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nari-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成り",
"tr": "nari"
},
"expansion": "成り (nari)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成る",
"3": "",
"4": "to become",
"tr": "naru"
},
"expansion": "成る (naru, “to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "曾我物語",
"tr": "Soga Mongatari"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nFrom 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).\nFirst attested as a suffix on a noun in the 曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari), of uncertain dating but probably in the late 1300s. As a suffix on a verb stem, first attested from 1927.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"なり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nari",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なり"
},
"expansion": "形(なり) • (nari)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the shape or form of something"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-N0m82hfy",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's clothing and appearance"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-aoBEX6v8",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 2 1 6 3 1 3 2 2 0 1 4 5 7 1 0 8 1 1 7 2 4 3 3 4 7 1 1 3 2 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 0 1 5 8 10 2 0 9 1 0 11 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 4 2 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 1 5 7 10 1 0 10 1 1 10 4 6 3 3 5 8 1 1 7 3 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 1 2 5 7 8 2 0 10 2 1 9 3 6 3 3 5 8 2 2 4 2 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's body shape or form"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-rVVe9GOJ",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's circumstances or situation"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-OTJzx-nx",
"links": [
[
"circumstances",
"circumstances"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's reputation"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-Q0rBXON4",
"links": [
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "things turned out just as people were saying",
"roman": "hitobito no iu nari ni natta",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"々",
"びと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "人々の言うなりになった"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb) indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-ydmldHch",
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective"
],
[
"just",
"just#English"
],
[
"as",
"as#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "if it's cold, then put on warm clothing / if it's cold, then put on warm clothes for cold weather",
"roman": "samukereba samui nari no atsugi o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"厚",
"あつ"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"text": "寒ければ寒いなりの厚着をする"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective) indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-rmRNF4nH",
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"fitting",
"fitting#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she burst into tears as soon as she heard the rejection",
"roman": "kotowari o kiku nari nakidashita",
"ruby": [
[
"断",
"ことわ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
],
[
"出",
"だ"
]
],
"text": "断りを聞くなり泣き出した"
},
{
"english": "As soon as she returned from kindergarten, she clung to her mom.",
"roman": "Yōchien kara kaeru nari, haha ni dakitsuite kimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"幼",
"よう"
],
[
"稚",
"ち"
],
[
"園",
"えん"
],
[
"帰",
"かえ"
],
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"抱",
"だ"
]
],
"text": "幼稚園から帰るなり、母に抱きついてきました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of a verb) indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-WgSHU30j",
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"as soon as",
"as soon as#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "や否や"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 2 1 6 3 1 3 2 2 0 1 4 5 7 1 0 8 1 1 7 2 4 3 3 4 7 1 1 3 2 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 0 1 4 6 9 2 0 10 2 1 9 3 5 3 3 4 11 2 1 6 3 3 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[it's so comfortable that] She doesn't want to take it off while wearing it",
"roman": "kita nari nugō to shimasen",
"ruby": [
[
"着",
"き"
],
[
"脱",
"ぬ"
]
],
"text": "着たなり脱ごうとしませんhttps://www.creema.jp/c/loveshubby/rating/sale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)) ... while ...",
"... while ..."
],
"id": "en-形-ja-noun-xDDiQfYs",
"links": [
[
"た",
"た#Japanese"
],
[
"た",
"た"
],
[
"while",
"while"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)) ... while ..."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "儘"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なり"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nari-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成り",
"tr": "nari"
},
"expansion": "成り (nari)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
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},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成る",
"3": "",
"4": "to become",
"tr": "naru"
},
"expansion": "成る (naru, “to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "曾我物語",
"tr": "Soga Mongatari"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nFrom 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).\nFirst attested as a suffix on a noun in the 曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari), of uncertain dating but probably in the late 1300s. As a suffix on a verb stem, first attested from 1927.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"なり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "なり"
},
"expansion": "形(なり) • (-nari)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "things turned out just as people say",
"roman": "hitobito ga iinari ni natta",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"々",
"びと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "人々が言いなりになった"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-MSzo3CTe",
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative"
],
[
"just",
"just#English"
],
[
"as",
"as#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "imagine in a way fitting for a child / imagine like a child (implies that the subject is a child)",
"roman": "kodomo nari ni sōzō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"供",
"ども"
],
[
"想",
"そう"
],
[
"像",
"ぞう"
]
],
"text": "子供なりに想像する"
},
{
"english": "my own kind of decision / deciding in my own way",
"roman": "jibun nari no handan",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"判",
"はん"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"text": "自分なりの判断"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-KIofYVbh",
"links": [
[
"fitting",
"fitting"
],
[
"becoming",
"becoming"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to become bow-shaped / to become like a bow",
"roman": "yumi nari ni naru",
"ruby": [
[
"弓",
"ゆみ"
]
],
"text": "弓なりになる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like"
],
"id": "en-形-ja-suffix-6c4~7wL5",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"like",
"like#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なり"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ぎょう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぎやう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かた",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かたぎ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かたち",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading なり",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ち",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for attention concerning Japanese",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the phonosemantic formation of a kanji character from elements signifying meaning and elements signifying sound",
"roman": "keisei",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"声",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "形声"
},
{
"english": "formation, shape",
"roman": "keisei",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"成",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "形成"
},
{
"roman": "keijika",
"word": "形而下: physical"
},
{
"word": "material"
},
{
"english": "metaphysical",
"roman": "keijijō",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "形而上"
},
{
"english": "metaphysics",
"roman": "keijijōgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"而",
"じ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "形而上学"
},
{
"roman": "keiyōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"容",
"よう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "形容詞: adjective"
},
{
"roman": "keiyōdōshi",
"tags": [
"Japanese"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形容動詞: adjectival noun"
},
{
"word": "na- adjective"
},
{
"english": "shape, form",
"roman": "keitai",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
]
],
"word": "形態"
},
{
"roman": "keitaigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "形態学: morphology"
},
{
"roman": "keitairon",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
]
],
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形態論: morphology"
},
{
"english": "physical shape",
"roman": "keitai",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"体",
"たい"
]
],
"word": "形体"
},
{
"english": "a facial expression, a look",
"roman": "gyōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"相",
"そう"
]
],
"word": "形相"
},
{
"roman": "keisō",
"topics": [
"philosophy",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "形相: the form"
},
{
"word": "the eidos"
},
{
"word": "the Platonic ideal"
},
{
"english": "protoplasm",
"roman": "genkeishitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"原",
"げん"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
],
[
"質",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "原形質"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shape, form, style"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"style",
"style"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kata-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "堅い"
},
"expansion": "堅い",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "堅い",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "堅い",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "堅い"
},
"expansion": "堅い",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "硬い"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "硬い",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "硬い",
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{
"args": {
"1": "硬い"
},
"expansion": "硬い",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "固い",
"t": "hard",
"tr": "katai"
},
"expansion": "固い (katai, “hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nProbably related to 堅い / 硬い / 固い (katai, “hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"かた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kata",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かた"
},
"expansion": "形(かた) • (kata)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a shape"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a form"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a pattern, die, or model from which copies are made"
],
"links": [
[
"pattern",
"pattern"
],
[
"die",
"die"
],
[
"model",
"model"
],
[
"copies",
"copies"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"collateral for borrowed money"
],
"links": [
[
"collateral",
"collateral"
],
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "縵面"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on a coin, the side with writing on it"
],
"links": [
[
"coin",
"coin"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "gata-kabuki"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kata",
"2": "gata",
"sort": "かた'"
},
"expansion": "The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "女形",
"lit": "woman form",
"tr": "onnagata"
},
"expansion": "女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "形"
},
"expansion": "形",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nDerived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.\nThe standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がだ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gata",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gada",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "がた",
"2": "がだ"
},
"expansion": "形(がた) or 形(がだ) • (gata or gada)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater",
"word": "女形"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Theater"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 女形 (onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater"
],
"links": [
[
"theater",
"theater"
],
[
"女形",
"女形#Japanese"
],
[
"kabuki",
"kabuki"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(kabuki, theater) Short for 女形 (onnagata)., a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "女形"
},
{
"word": "お山"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"theater"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "gata-kabuki"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kata",
"2": "gata",
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},
"expansion": "The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "女形",
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "形"
},
"expansion": "形",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nDerived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.\nThe standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-gata",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
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},
"expansion": "形(がた) • (-gata)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a whirlpool shape",
"roman": "uzumakigata",
"ruby": [
[
"渦",
"うず"
],
[
"巻",
"ま"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "渦巻き形"
},
{
"english": "an egg shape",
"roman": "tamagogata",
"ruby": [
[
"卵",
"たまご"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "卵形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the shape or form of the affixed noun"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"qualifier": "affixed to nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(affixed to nouns): the shape or form of the affixed noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a scholar type",
"roman": "gakushagata",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "学者形"
},
{
"english": "a hero type",
"roman": "eiyūgata",
"ruby": [
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"雄",
"ゆう"
],
[
"形",
"がた"
]
],
"text": "英雄形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun"
],
"links": [
[
"on'yomi",
"on'yomi"
],
[
"typical",
"typical"
],
[
"type",
"type"
]
],
"qualifier": "affixed to on'yomi nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(affixed to on'yomi nouns): a typical example of the affixed noun; the type of the affixed noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "がた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠ta̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms suffixed with ち",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "katachi-shape"
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"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
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"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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},
"expansion": "形 (kata, “shape, form”) + ち (-chi)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nCompound of 形 (kata, “shape, form”) + ち (-chi), but the derivation of the chi element is unclear.",
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{
"form": "形",
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[
"形",
"かたち"
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],
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},
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"form": "katachi",
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}
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"shape or form"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
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[
"form",
"form"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"shapeliness",
"shapeliness"
],
[
"形有り",
"形有り#Japanese"
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},
{
"glosses": [
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"links": [
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"form",
"form"
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[
"substance",
"substance"
]
]
}
],
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"other": "かたち"
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{
"ipa": "[ka̠ta̠t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Japanese single-kanji terms",
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"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
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"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the volitional form",
"roman": "ikōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"意",
"い"
],
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
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}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
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"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "形"
},
"expansion": "形 (MC heng)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "形",
"tr": "xíng"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 形 (xíng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 形 (MC heng). Compare modern Mandarin 形 (xíng). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-kei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "けい"
},
"expansion": "形(けい) • (-kei)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"ja:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the past tense",
"roman": "kakokei",
"ruby": [
[
"過",
"か"
],
[
"去",
"こ"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "過去形"
},
{
"english": "the future tense",
"roman": "shōraikei",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "将来形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grammatical tense"
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) grammatical tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the continuative form",
"roman": "ren'yōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"連",
"れん"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "連用形"
},
{
"english": "the imperative or command form",
"roman": "meireikei",
"ruby": [
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"形",
"けい"
]
],
"text": "命令形"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a conjugation form of a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Japanese grammar) a conjugation form of a verb"
],
"tags": [
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nari-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成り",
"tr": "nari"
},
"expansion": "成り (nari)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成る",
"3": "",
"4": "to become",
"tr": "naru"
},
"expansion": "成る (naru, “to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "曾我物語",
"tr": "Soga Mongatari"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nFrom 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).\nFirst attested as a suffix on a noun in the 曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari), of uncertain dating but probably in the late 1300s. As a suffix on a verb stem, first attested from 1927.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"なり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nari",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なり"
},
"expansion": "形(なり) • (nari)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the shape or form of something"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's clothing and appearance"
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's body shape or form"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's circumstances or situation"
],
"links": [
[
"circumstances",
"circumstances"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's reputation"
],
"links": [
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "things turned out just as people were saying",
"roman": "hitobito no iu nari ni natta",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"々",
"びと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "人々の言うなりになった"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) or plain perfective form of a verb) indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as"
],
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective"
],
[
"just",
"just#English"
],
[
"as",
"as#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "if it's cold, then put on warm clothing / if it's cold, then put on warm clothes for cold weather",
"roman": "samukereba samui nari no atsugi o suru",
"ruby": [
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"寒",
"さむ"
],
[
"厚",
"あつ"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"text": "寒ければ寒いなりの厚着をする"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of an adjective) indicates responding to the affixed adjective: compare English fitting"
],
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"fitting",
"fitting#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she burst into tears as soon as she heard the rejection",
"roman": "kotowari o kiku nari nakidashita",
"ruby": [
[
"断",
"ことわ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
],
[
"出",
"だ"
]
],
"text": "断りを聞くなり泣き出した"
},
{
"english": "As soon as she returned from kindergarten, she clung to her mom.",
"roman": "Yōchien kara kaeru nari, haha ni dakitsuite kimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"幼",
"よう"
],
[
"稚",
"ち"
],
[
"園",
"えん"
],
[
"帰",
"かえ"
],
[
"母",
"はは"
],
[
"抱",
"だ"
]
],
"text": "幼稚園から帰るなり、母に抱きついてきました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(following the plain imperfective form (attributive form, 連体形 (rentaikei)) of a verb) indicates the moment of the action occurring: compare English as soon as"
],
"links": [
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"attributive",
"attributive"
],
[
"連体形",
"連体形#Japanese"
],
[
"as soon as",
"as soon as#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "や否や"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[it's so comfortable that] She doesn't want to take it off while wearing it",
"roman": "kita nari nugō to shimasen",
"ruby": [
[
"着",
"き"
],
[
"脱",
"ぬ"
]
],
"text": "着たなり脱ごうとしませんhttps://www.creema.jp/c/loveshubby/rating/sale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)) ... while ...",
"... while ..."
],
"links": [
[
"た",
"た#Japanese"
],
[
"た",
"た"
],
[
"while",
"while"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)) ... while ..."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a verb in the past tense ～た (～た)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "儘"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なり"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 形",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Grammar"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nari-shape"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成り",
"tr": "nari"
},
"expansion": "成り (nari)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "成る",
"3": "",
"4": "to become",
"tr": "naru"
},
"expansion": "成る (naru, “to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "曾我物語"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "曾我物語",
"tr": "Soga Mongatari"
},
"expansion": "曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.\nFrom 成り (nari), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the verb 成る (naru, “to become”).\nFirst attested as a suffix on a noun in the 曾我物語 (Soga Mongatari), of uncertain dating but probably in the late 1300s. As a suffix on a verb stem, first attested from 1927.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形",
"ruby": [
[
"形",
"なり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "なり"
},
"expansion": "形(なり) • (-nari)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "things turned out just as people say",
"roman": "hitobito ga iinari ni natta",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"々",
"びと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "人々が言いなりになった"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as"
],
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative"
],
[
"just",
"just#English"
],
[
"as",
"as#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "imagine in a way fitting for a child / imagine like a child (implies that the subject is a child)",
"roman": "kodomo nari ni sōzō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"供",
"ども"
],
[
"想",
"そう"
],
[
"像",
"ぞう"
]
],
"text": "子供なりに想像する"
},
{
"english": "my own kind of decision / deciding in my own way",
"roman": "jibun nari no handan",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"判",
"はん"
],
[
"断",
"だん"
]
],
"text": "自分なりの判断"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following a noun, indicates a state fitting or becoming to the affixed noun"
],
"links": [
[
"fitting",
"fitting"
],
[
"becoming",
"becoming"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to become bow-shaped / to become like a bow",
"roman": "yumi nari ni naru",
"ruby": [
[
"弓",
"ゆみ"
]
],
"text": "弓なりになる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"following a noun, indicates that shape or form: compare English like"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"like",
"like#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-nari",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なり"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "形"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: kabuki, theater",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: kabuki, theater",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"形"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "形",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.