Japanese word senses marked with topical category "Linguistics": list

あ段 (Noun) the first and highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana あ/ア (a), か/カ (ka), さ/サ (sa), た/タ (ta), な/ナ (na), は/ハ (ha), ま/マ (ma), や/ヤ (ya), ら/ラ (ra) and わ/ワ (wa)

あ行 (Noun) the first row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana あ/ア (a), い/イ (i), う/ウ (u), え/エ (e) and お/オ (o)

い段 (Noun) the second and second-highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana い/イ (i), き/キ (ki), し/シ (shi), ち/チ (chi), に/ニ (ni), ひ/ヒ (hi), み/ミ (mi), り/リ (ri) and ゐ/ヰ (wi), and sometimes additionally 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)

う段 (Noun) the third and middle-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana う/ウ (u), く/ク (ku), す/ス (su), つ/ツ (tsu), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ふ/フ (fu), む/ム (mu), ゆ/ユ (yu) and る/ル (ru), and sometimes additionally 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)

え段 (Noun) the fourth and second-lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana え/エ (e), け/ケ (ke), せ/セ (se), て/テ (te), ね/ネ (ne), へ/ヘ (he), め/メ (me), れ/レ (re) and ゑ/ヱ (we), and sometimes additionally 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)

おんせいきごう (Noun) 音声記号: (phonetics) phonetic symbol

お段 (Noun) the fifth and lowest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana お/オ (o), こ/コ (ko), そ/ソ (so), と/ト (to), の/ノ (no), ほ/ホ (ho), も/モ (mo), よ/ヨ (yo), ろ/ロ (ro) and を/ヲ (wo)

かかりむすび (Noun) kakarimusubi, a phenomenon in classical Japanese where certain words (a subset of 係助詞 (kakari-joshi)) provoke the usage of different verbal inflexion at the end of the sentence (呼応 (koō))

かんりょう (Noun) 完了: (linguistics) perfect (tense etc.)

か゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable か゚ (nga). Its equivalent in katakana is カ゚ (nga).

か行 (Noun) the second row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana か/カ (ka), き/キ (ki), く/ク (ku), け/ケ (ke) and こ/コ (ko)

がいこくご (Noun) 外国語: (linguistics) foreign language

き゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable き゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ (ngi).

き゚ぇ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable き゚ぇ (ngye). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ェ (ngye).

き゚ゃ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable き゚ゃ (ngya). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ャ (ngya).

き゚ゅ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable き゚ゅ (ngyu). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ュ (ngyu).

き゚ょ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable き゚ょ (ngyo). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ョ (ngyo).

く゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable く゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ (ngu).

く゚ぃ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable く゚ぃ (ngwi). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ィ (ngwi).

く゚ゎ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable く゚ゎ (ngwa). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ヮ (ngwa).

けいたいそ (Noun) 形態素: (linguistics) morpheme

け゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable け゚ (nge). Its equivalent in katakana is ケ゚ (nge).

こそあど (Noun) Japanese demonstratives

ごげんがく (Noun) 語源学: etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)

さ行 (Noun) the third row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana さ/サ (sa), し/シ (shi), す/ス (su), せ/セ (se) and そ/ソ (so)

しざま (Noun) 芝: (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii

しぜんげんご (Noun) 自然言語: (linguistics) natural language

じょどうし (Noun) 助動詞: (grammar) auxiliary verb

ぜんちし (Noun) 前置詞: (grammar) preposition

たいげんどめ (Noun) ending a sentence with a 体言 (taigen), instead of verbs (including だ (da))

た行 (Noun) the fourth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana た/タ (ta), ち/チ (chi), つ/ツ (tsu), て/テ (te) and と/ト (to)

ちゅうしょうめいし (Noun) 抽象名詞: (grammar) abstract noun (a noun that denotes an abstract concept)

つづりじはつおん (Noun) spelling pronunciation

てにをは (Noun) particle, postposition (part of speech)

なのり (Proper name) 奈乃李: Nanori, a female Japanese given name

な行 (Noun) the fifth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana な/ナ (na), に/ニ (ni), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ね/ネ (ne) and の/ノ (no)

のうき (Noun) 能記: (linguistics) signifier

はつおんきごう (Noun) 発音記号: (phonetics) phonetic symbol

は行 (Noun) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he) and ほ/ホ (ho)

ば行 (Noun) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゛, consisting of the five kana ば/バ (ba), び/ビ (bi), ぶ/ブ (bu), べ/ベ (be) and ぼ/ボ (bo)

ぱ行 (Noun) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゜, consisting of the five kana ぱ/パ (pa), ぴ/ピ (pi), ぷ/プ (pu), ぺ/ペ (pe) and ぽ/ポ (po)

へんかく (Noun) 変格: (grammar) irregular conjugation

へんかく (Noun) 変格: (grammar) translative case

ま行 (Noun) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ま/マ (ma), み/ミ (mi), む/ム (mu), め/メ (me) and も/モ (mo)

むせいおん (Noun) 無声音: (phonetics) voiceless sound

や行 (Noun) the eighth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana や/ヤ (ya), い/イ (i) (alternatively, 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)), ゆ/ユ (yu), え/エ (e) (alternatively, 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)) and よ/ヨ (yo), two of which are taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text

ゆとうよみ (Noun) 湯桶読み: A reading pattern for certain kanji compound words, using the native Japanese kun'yomi for the first kanji, and the Chinese-derived on'yomi for the second kanji.

よかく (Noun) 与格: (grammar) the dative case

ら゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable ら゚ (la). Its equivalent in katakana is ラ゚ (la).

ら抜き (Noun) Synonym of ら抜き言葉 (ra-nuki kotoba)

ら抜き言葉 (Noun) dropping the ら (ra) in the potential form of verbs formed with られる (-rareru)

ら行 (Noun) the ninth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ら/ラ (ra), り/リ (ri), る/ル (ru), れ/レ (re) and ろ/ロ (ro)

りょうしんおん (Noun) 両唇音: (phonetics) a speech sound articulated with both lips; bilabial

り゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable り゚ (li). Its equivalent in katakana is リ゚ (li).

る゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable る゚ (lu). Its equivalent in katakana is ル゚ (lu).

れ゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable れ゚ (le). Its equivalent in katakana is レ゚ (le).

ろ゚ (Syllable) The hiragana syllable ろ゚ (lo). Its equivalent in katakana is ロ゚ (lo).

わ行 (Noun) the tenth and last row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana わ/ワ (wa), ゐ/ヰ (wi), う/ウ (u) (alternatively, 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)), ゑ/ヱ (we) and を/ヲ (wo), one of which is taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text

アオリスト (Noun) aorist (aspect)

アクセント (Noun) accent (stronger articulation)

アクセント (Noun) intonation

アクセント (Noun) accent (regional pronunciation)

アクセント核 (Noun) an accent kernel/nucleus/locus (the so-called "accented" mora of an utterance, which singly occurs for each utterance and which immediately precedes a drop in pitch from high to low)

インド・ヨーロッパ語族 (Proper name) the Indo-European languages

イ音便 (Noun) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became い (i)

ウィクショナリー (Proper name) Wiktionary

ウ音便 (Noun) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became う (u)

オリゴ (Noun) origo

カ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable カ゚ (nga). Its equivalent in hiragana is か゚ (nga).

カ変 (Noun) Short for カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō): k-irregular conjugation

カ行変格活用 (Noun) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in k-, with minor historical changes

キ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable キ゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in hiragana is き゚ (ngi).

キ゚ャ (Syllable) The katakana syllable キ゚ャ (ngya). Its equivalent in hiragana is き゚ゃ (ngya).

キリシタン版 (Noun) prose, grammar and vocabulary literature written and printed by Portuguese Jesuits in Japan during the late 16th and early 17th century

ク゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ク゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in hiragana is く゚ (ngu).

ク゚ヮ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ク゚ヮ (ngwa). Its equivalent in hiragana is く゚ゎ (ngwa).

ク活用 (Noun) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi

ク語法 (Noun) the use of the Classical Japanese nominalizer く (ku)

グロットグラム (Noun) glottogram (table showing dialectal features correlated with age and location)

ケ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ケ゚ (nge). Its equivalent in hiragana is け゚ (nge).

ケース (Noun) grammatical case

コ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable コ゚ (ngo). Its equivalent in hiragana is こ゚ (ngo).

コピュラ (Noun) copula

コプラ (Noun) copula

コロケーション (Noun) collocation

コーパス (Noun) corpus

サ変 (Noun) an abbreviation for サ行変格活用; s-irregular conjugation

サ行変格活用 (Noun) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in s-

シク活用 (Noun) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi

シノニム (Noun) synonym

センテンス (Noun) sentence

ソネット (Noun) a sonnet

タリ活用 (Noun) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -tara/-tari (or to)/-tari/-taru/-tare/-tare

トークン (Noun) a token (lexeme)

ナリ活用 (Noun) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -nara/-nari (or ni)/-nari/-naru/-nare/-nare

ナ行変格活用 (Noun) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in n-

ニックネーム (Noun) nickname

ネーム (Noun) Synonym of 名前 (namae): a name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)

ネーム (Noun) a manga storyboard, focusing on the words in the speech or thought bubbles to help determine the drawing and frame layout

ハ行転呼 (Noun) a specific historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language during the Heian Period, wherein many word-medial /f/ sounds changed to /w/ sounds

ハ行転呼音 (Noun) a historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language involving the kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he), and ほ/ホ (ho)

パロール (Noun) parole

ペンネーム (Noun) a pen name

マーカー (Noun) a marker

ムード (Noun) mood

メタ言語 (Noun) metalanguage

モーラ (Noun) a mora

ラ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ラ゚ (la). Its equivalent in hiragana is ら゚ (la).

ラング (Noun) langue

ラ変 (Noun) Clipping of ラ行変格活用 (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō): r-irregular conjugation

ラ行変格活用 (Noun) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in r- with four irregular bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e

リ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable リ゚ (li). Its equivalent in hiragana is り゚ (li).

リエゾン (Noun) liaison: the pronunciation of a word-final consonant due to a following vowel sound in French

ル゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ル゚ (lu). Its equivalent in hiragana is る゚ (lu).

ルート (Noun) an etymological root

レ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable レ゚ (le). Its equivalent in hiragana is れ゚ (le).

ロ゚ (Syllable) The katakana syllable ロ゚ (lo). Its equivalent in hiragana is ろ゚ (lo).

・ (Punctuation) used to separate furigana from okurigana when giving kanji readings in some dictionaries

・ (Punctuation) used to denote accent phrase boundaries

\ (Punctuation) used to denote pitch accent drops

𛀆 (Syllable) The hiragana syllable 𛀆 (yi). Its equivalent in katakana is 𛄠 (yi).

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.