See 天皇 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 天皇 meaning in Japanese (28.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennōki",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"旗",
"き"
]
],
"word": "天皇旗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennōki",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"記",
"き"
]
],
"word": "天皇記"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"賞",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "天皇賞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennō kikansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"関",
"かん"
],
[
"説",
"せつ"
]
],
"word": "天皇機関説"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "天皇制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennō Tanjōbi",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
],
[
"日",
"び"
]
],
"word": "天皇誕生日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennōhai",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"杯",
"はい"
]
],
"word": "天皇杯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Tennō Heika",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"陛",
"へい"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "天皇陛下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Kinjō Tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"きん"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "今上天皇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "taikō tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"たい"
],
[
"行",
"こう"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "大行天皇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "daijō tennō",
"word": "太上天皇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dajō tennō",
"word": "太上天皇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tsuison tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"追",
"つい"
],
[
"尊",
"そん"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "追尊天皇"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tenno",
"3": "Tenno",
"4": "Tennou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "God Emperor",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: God Emperor (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: God Emperor (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Tenno",
"3": "Tennou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Tenno, Tennou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Tenno, Tennou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "tenno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: tenno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: tenno"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Emperor of Japan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんのう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "呉音",
"lit": "Wu sound",
"tr": "goon"
},
"expansion": "呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇"
},
"expansion": "皇",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連声"
},
"expansion": "連声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ō",
"2": "nō",
"3": "皇",
"sort": "てんのう"
},
"expansion": "The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).",
"name": "ja-renjō"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten wau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenːɔː/ → /tenːoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.\nThe 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tennō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ten'wau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんわう",
"roman": "ten'wau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てんのう",
"hhira": "てんわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(のう) • (tennō) ^(←てんわう (ten'wau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "emperor",
"roman": "kōtei, other than the Emperor of Japan",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"帝",
"てい"
]
],
"word": "皇帝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ōkimi",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"word": "大君"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 23 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with renjō",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 5 7 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your/His Majesty the Emperor/Her Majesty the Empress (Regnant)",
"roman": "tennō Heika",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"陛",
"へい"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "天皇陛下"
},
{
"english": "Emperor Meiji",
"roman": "Meiji tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"明",
"めい"
],
[
"治",
"じ"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"text": "明治天皇"
},
{
"english": "The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.",
"ref": "1889, Imperial Diet of Japan, “1, article 1”, in Meiji Constitution",
"roman": "Dainipponteikoku wa banseīkkei no tennō no o tōchi su",
"ruby": [
[
"大日本帝國",
"だいにっぽんていこく"
],
[
"萬世一系",
"ばんせいいっけい"
],
[
"天皇",
"てんのう"
],
[
"之",
"の"
],
[
"統治",
"とうち"
]
],
"text": "大日本帝國ハ萬世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-R5q4gMhR",
"links": [
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "内の上"
},
{
"word": "皇天"
},
{
"word": "内裏"
},
{
"word": "天子"
},
{
"word": "帝"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-uGshnbAr",
"links": [
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"heavenly",
"heavenly"
],
[
"mandate",
"mandate"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in Chinese contexts",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "天子"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-COm2kudg",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"having",
"have"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"profession",
"profession"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"expertise",
"expertise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞nːo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇 (三皇)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heavenly Sovereign"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんこう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"lit": "Han sound",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).\nThe 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんくわう",
"roman": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てんこう",
"hhira": "てんくわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(こう) • (tenkō) ^(←てんくわう (tenkwau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-uGshnbAr1",
"links": [
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"heavenly",
"heavenly"
],
[
"mandate",
"mandate"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in Chinese contexts",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "天子"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞ŋko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇 (三皇)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heavenly Sovereign"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんこう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"lit": "Han sound",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).\nThe 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tenkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんくわう",
"roman": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "てんこう",
"hhira": "てんくわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(こう) • (Tenkō) ^(←てんくわう (tenkwau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Chinese mythology",
"orig": "ja:Chinese mythology",
"parents": [
"China",
"Mythology",
"Asia",
"Culture",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-name-QZNYqLae",
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"伏羲",
"伏羲#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese mythology) the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Chikō, the second",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "地皇"
},
{
"roman": "Jinkō, the third",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"じん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "人皇"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chinese"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞ŋko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/\nShift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "suberagi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すべらぎ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すべらぎ) • (suberagi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 5 7 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "suberagi no hana",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "皇の花"
},
{
"roman": "ima suberagi",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"word": "今皇"
},
{
"roman": "nori no suberagi",
"ruby": [
[
"法",
"のり"
],
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"word": "法の皇"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-Azyv5Pp7",
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝbe̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "₂",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "₂",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "天皇",
"tr": "sume₁ro₂ki₁"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 天皇 (sume₁ro₂ki₁)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/\nPossibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume₁ro₂ki₁).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらぎ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeragi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらぎ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらぎ) • (sumeragi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 3 4 3 18 24 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 5 7 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Sumeragi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"すめらぎ"
]
],
"word": "皇"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-Azyv5Pp71",
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇",
"3": "君",
"pos1": "prefix of praise and respect",
"sort": "すめらきみ",
"t2": "lord, master → sovereign",
"tr1": "sumera",
"tr2": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kimi",
"2": "gimi",
"sort": "すめらきみ"
},
"expansion": "The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”). The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらぎみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeragimi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらぎみ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらぎみ) • (sumeragimi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 5 7 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-Azyv5Pp71",
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲimʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇",
"3": "尊",
"pos1": "prefix of praise and respect",
"sort": "すめらみこと",
"t2": "Highness",
"tr1": "sumera",
"tr2": "mikoto"
},
"expansion": "皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nFrom 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeramikoto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらみこと"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらみこと) • (sumeramikoto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 1 10 1 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 2 13 2 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 9 2 16 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 2 11 2 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 2 11 2 15 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 5 7 14 14 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"倭",
"やまと"
],
[
"根",
"ね"
],
[
"子",
"この"
],
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"word": "大倭根子天皇"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the First Founding Emperor",
"roman": "Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はつ"
],
[
"馭天下之",
"くにしらす"
],
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"text": "始馭天下之天皇"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"id": "en-天皇-ja-noun-Azyv5Pp71",
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"related": [
{
"alt": "en'yū-kai, (hosted by the emperor)",
"english": "garden party",
"ruby": [
[
"園",
"えん"
],
[
"遊",
"ゆう"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "園遊会"
},
{
"english": "Empress of Japan",
"roman": "kōgō",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"后",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "皇后"
},
{
"english": "imperial court, imperial household",
"roman": "kōshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"english": "Prince",
"roman": "kōtaishi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "皇太子"
},
{
"english": "Princess",
"roman": "kōtaishihi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"妃",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "皇太子妃"
},
{
"english": "Imperial Prince of Japan",
"roman": "shinnō",
"ruby": [
[
"親",
"しん"
],
[
"王",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "親王"
},
{
"english": "Your/His/Her Highness",
"roman": "Denka",
"ruby": [
[
"殿",
"でん"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "殿下"
},
{
"english": "Princess of Japan",
"roman": "naishinnō",
"ruby": [
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"親",
"しん"
],
[
"王",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "内親王"
},
{
"english": "Princess",
"roman": "hidenka",
"ruby": [
[
"妃",
"ひ"
],
[
"殿",
"でん"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "妃殿下"
},
{
"english": "the Prince’s family",
"roman": "miyake",
"ruby": [
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"家",
"け"
]
],
"word": "宮家"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠mʲiko̞to̞]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with renjō",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Tennōki",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"旗",
"き"
]
],
"word": "天皇旗"
},
{
"roman": "Tennōki",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"記",
"き"
]
],
"word": "天皇記"
},
{
"roman": "Tennōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"賞",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "天皇賞"
},
{
"roman": "Tennō kikansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"関",
"かん"
],
[
"説",
"せつ"
]
],
"word": "天皇機関説"
},
{
"roman": "Tennōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "天皇制"
},
{
"roman": "Tennō Tanjōbi",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
],
[
"日",
"び"
]
],
"word": "天皇誕生日"
},
{
"roman": "Tennōhai",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"杯",
"はい"
]
],
"word": "天皇杯"
},
{
"roman": "Tennō Heika",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"陛",
"へい"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "天皇陛下"
},
{
"roman": "Kinjō Tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"きん"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "今上天皇"
},
{
"roman": "taikō tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"たい"
],
[
"行",
"こう"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "大行天皇"
},
{
"roman": "daijō tennō",
"word": "太上天皇"
},
{
"roman": "dajō tennō",
"word": "太上天皇"
},
{
"roman": "tsuison tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"追",
"つい"
],
[
"尊",
"そん"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "追尊天皇"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tenno",
"3": "Tenno",
"4": "Tennou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "God Emperor",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: God Emperor (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: God Emperor (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Tenno",
"3": "Tennou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Tenno, Tennou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Tenno, Tennou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "tenno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: tenno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: tenno"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Emperor of Japan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんのう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "呉音",
"lit": "Wu sound",
"tr": "goon"
},
"expansion": "呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇"
},
"expansion": "皇",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連声"
},
"expansion": "連声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ō",
"2": "nō",
"3": "皇",
"sort": "てんのう"
},
"expansion": "The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).",
"name": "ja-renjō"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten wau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenːɔː/ → /tenːoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.\nThe 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tennō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ten'wau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんわう",
"roman": "ten'wau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てんのう",
"hhira": "てんわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(のう) • (tennō) ^(←てんわう (ten'wau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "emperor",
"roman": "kōtei, other than the Emperor of Japan",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"帝",
"てい"
]
],
"word": "皇帝"
},
{
"roman": "ōkimi",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
]
],
"word": "大君"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your/His Majesty the Emperor/Her Majesty the Empress (Regnant)",
"roman": "tennō Heika",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
],
[
"陛",
"へい"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "天皇陛下"
},
{
"english": "Emperor Meiji",
"roman": "Meiji tennō",
"ruby": [
[
"明",
"めい"
],
[
"治",
"じ"
],
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"のう"
]
],
"text": "明治天皇"
},
{
"english": "The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.",
"ref": "1889, Imperial Diet of Japan, “1, article 1”, in Meiji Constitution",
"roman": "Dainipponteikoku wa banseīkkei no tennō no o tōchi su",
"ruby": [
[
"大日本帝國",
"だいにっぽんていこく"
],
[
"萬世一系",
"ばんせいいっけい"
],
[
"天皇",
"てんのう"
],
[
"之",
"の"
],
[
"統治",
"とうち"
]
],
"text": "大日本帝國ハ萬世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "内の上"
},
{
"word": "皇天"
},
{
"word": "内裏"
},
{
"word": "天子"
},
{
"word": "帝"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"links": [
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"heavenly",
"heavenly"
],
[
"mandate",
"mandate"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in Chinese contexts",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "天子"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"having",
"have"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"profession",
"profession"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"expertise",
"expertise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞nːo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇 (三皇)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heavenly Sovereign"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんこう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"lit": "Han sound",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).\nThe 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんくわう",
"roman": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てんこう",
"hhira": "てんくわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(こう) • (tenkō) ^(←てんくわう (tenkwau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"links": [
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"heavenly",
"heavenly"
],
[
"mandate",
"mandate"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually in Chinese contexts",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "天子"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞ŋko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇 (三皇)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Heavenly Sovereign"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "てんこう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天皇"
},
"expansion": "天皇 (MC then hwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"lit": "Han sound",
"tr": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC then hwang).\nThe 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tenkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "てんくわう",
"roman": "tenkwau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "てんこう",
"hhira": "てんくわう"
},
"expansion": "天(てん)皇(こう) • (Tenkō) ^(←てんくわう (tenkwau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Chikō, the second",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "地皇"
},
{
"roman": "Jinkō, the third",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"じん"
],
[
"皇",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "人皇"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Chinese mythology"
],
"glosses": [
"the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"伏羲",
"伏羲#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese mythology) the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)"
],
"tags": [
"Chinese"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てんこー"
},
{
"ipa": "[tẽ̞ŋko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "suberagi no hana",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "皇の花"
},
{
"roman": "ima suberagi",
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"word": "今皇"
},
{
"roman": "nori no suberagi",
"ruby": [
[
"法",
"のり"
],
[
"皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"word": "法の皇"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/\nShift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すべらぎ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "suberagi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すべらぎ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すべらぎ) • (suberagi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝbe̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Sumeragi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"すめらぎ"
]
],
"word": "皇"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "₂",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "₂",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "天皇",
"tr": "sume₁ro₂ki₁"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 天皇 (sume₁ro₂ki₁)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨sume₁ro₂ki₁⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/\nPossibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume₁ro₂ki₁).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらぎ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeragi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらぎ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらぎ) • (sumeragi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇",
"3": "君",
"pos1": "prefix of praise and respect",
"sort": "すめらきみ",
"t2": "lord, master → sovereign",
"tr1": "sumera",
"tr2": "kimi"
},
"expansion": "皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kimi",
"2": "gimi",
"sort": "すめらきみ"
},
"expansion": "The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”). The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらぎみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeragimi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらぎみ"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらぎみ) • (sumeragimi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲimʲi]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms prefixed with 皇",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Heads of state"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"倭",
"やまと"
],
[
"根",
"ね"
],
[
"子",
"この"
],
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"word": "大倭根子天皇"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "皇",
"3": "尊",
"pos1": "prefix of praise and respect",
"sort": "すめらみこと",
"t2": "Highness",
"tr1": "sumera",
"tr2": "mikoto"
},
"expansion": "皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nFrom 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”).\nThe kanji spelling is from tennō above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "天皇",
"ruby": [
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sumeramikoto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すめらみこと"
},
"expansion": "天皇(すめらみこと) • (sumeramikoto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"alt": "en'yū-kai, (hosted by the emperor)",
"english": "garden party",
"ruby": [
[
"園",
"えん"
],
[
"遊",
"ゆう"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "園遊会"
},
{
"english": "Empress of Japan",
"roman": "kōgō",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"后",
"ごう"
]
],
"word": "皇后"
},
{
"english": "imperial court, imperial household",
"roman": "kōshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"english": "Prince",
"roman": "kōtaishi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "皇太子"
},
{
"english": "Princess",
"roman": "kōtaishihi",
"ruby": [
[
"皇",
"こう"
],
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"妃",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "皇太子妃"
},
{
"english": "Imperial Prince of Japan",
"roman": "shinnō",
"ruby": [
[
"親",
"しん"
],
[
"王",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "親王"
},
{
"english": "Your/His/Her Highness",
"roman": "Denka",
"ruby": [
[
"殿",
"でん"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "殿下"
},
{
"english": "Princess of Japan",
"roman": "naishinnō",
"ruby": [
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"親",
"しん"
],
[
"王",
"のう"
]
],
"word": "内親王"
},
{
"english": "Princess",
"roman": "hidenka",
"ruby": [
[
"妃",
"ひ"
],
[
"殿",
"でん"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "妃殿下"
},
{
"english": "the Prince’s family",
"roman": "miyake",
"ruby": [
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"家",
"け"
]
],
"word": "宮家"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the First Founding Emperor",
"roman": "Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はつ"
],
[
"馭天下之",
"くにしらす"
],
[
"天皇",
"すめらみこと"
]
],
"text": "始馭天下之天皇"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"term of address",
"term of address"
],
[
"Emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"Empress (regnant)",
"empress regnant"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"honorific"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠mʲiko̞to̞]"
}
],
"word": "天皇"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"天皇"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "天皇",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.