See 外 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 外 meaning in Japanese (11.8kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 26 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 0 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-character-MSB6IGX0",
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 26 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foreign"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-character-ZWdxkF4e",
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 26 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"other"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-character-2SmKENGw",
"links": [
[
"other",
"other"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 26 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"except"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-character-sRJ5VHvE",
"links": [
[
"except",
"except"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "背",
"3": "外",
"pos1": "ancient reading found in compounds",
"sort": "そと",
"t1": "back, behind",
"t2": "outside",
"tr1": "so",
"tr2": "to"
},
"expansion": "背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "背",
"3": "所",
"pos1": "ancient reading found in compounds",
"sort": "そと",
"t1": "back, behind",
"t2": "place",
"tr1": "so",
"tr2": "to"
},
"expansion": "背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears from roughly the Muromachi period, superseding earlier to reading (see below). Likely a compound of either 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”), or 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"そと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "soto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そと"
},
"expansion": "外(そと) • (soto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "outside of the box",
"roman": "hako no soto",
"ruby": [
[
"箱",
"はこ"
],
[
"外",
"そと"
]
],
"text": "箱の外"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"そと"
],
[
"雨",
"あめ"
]
],
"text": "外は雨\nsoto wa ame\nit is raining outside\n(literally, “outside is rain”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-MSB6IGX0",
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"qualifier": "the",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the) outside"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "そと"
},
{
"ipa": "[so̞to̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poka",
"sort": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "ホカ",
"t": "outside",
"tr": "*poka"
},
"expansion": "Baekje ホカ (*poka, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "밖",
"t": "outside"
},
"expansion": "Korean 밖 (bak, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *poka.\nRelated to Baekje ホカ (*poka, “outside”), compare Korean 밖 (bak, “outside”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"ほか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hoka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "外(ほか) • (hoka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"other (things); the rest"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-HAjXl4V7",
"links": [
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "他"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "to",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と"
},
"expansion": "外(と) • (to)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-MSB6IGX01",
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"qualifier": "the",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the) outside"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toilet"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-dPf9HPCL",
"links": [
[
"toilet",
"toilet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[to̞]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikokkaku",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"骨",
"こっ"
],
[
"格",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "外骨格: an exoskeleton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikei",
"ruby": [
[
"外形",
"がいけい"
]
],
"word": "外形: external shape"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "gaikei",
"ruby": [
[
"外形",
"がいけい"
]
],
"word": "form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaisobo",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "外祖母: maternal grandmother"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mother's mother"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikō",
"ruby": [
[
"外交",
"がいこう"
]
],
"word": "外交"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaijin",
"ruby": [
[
"外人",
"がいじん"
]
],
"word": "外人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaishō",
"ruby": [
[
"外傷",
"がいしょう"
]
],
"word": "外傷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaishutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"外出",
"がいしゅつ"
]
],
"word": "外出"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaimushō",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"務省",
"むしょう"
]
],
"word": "外務省"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"外国",
"がいこく"
]
],
"word": "外国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikokujin",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "外国人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaikokugo",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "外国語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gairai",
"ruby": [
[
"外来",
"がいらい"
]
],
"word": "外来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gairaigo",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "外来語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaihaku",
"ruby": [
[
"外泊",
"がいはく"
]
],
"word": "外泊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaishō",
"ruby": [
[
"外相",
"がいしょう"
]
],
"word": "外相"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaiji",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"耳",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "外耳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaien",
"ruby": [
[
"外苑",
"がいえん"
]
],
"word": "外苑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaishi",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"資",
"し"
]
],
"word": "外資"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaika",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"貨",
"か"
]
],
"word": "外貨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaisō",
"ruby": [
[
"外装",
"がいそう"
]
],
"word": "外装"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaibu",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
]
],
"word": "外部"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kaigai",
"ruby": [
[
"海外",
"かいがい"
]
],
"word": "海外"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "outside a room, outdoor",
"roman": "shitsugai",
"ruby": [
[
"室外",
"しつがい"
]
],
"word": "室外"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "外",
"sort": "かい'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 外 (ŋuɑiᴴ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 外 (ŋuɑiᴴ)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-gai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぐわい",
"roman": "gwai",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "がい",
"hhira": "ぐわい"
},
"expansion": "外(がい) • (-gai) ^(←ぐわい (gwai)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outside; external"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-suffix-JerP-~f6",
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"external",
"external"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 0 0 2 7 1 7 1 17 7 10 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 0 3 8 2 8 1 21 5 8 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 0 5 9 4 9 2 16 6 9 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 0 4 18 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 0 2 9 2 9 1 26 4 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"except for"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-suffix-po8jsm-o",
"links": [
[
"except",
"except"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "as a field of medicine",
"roman": "geka",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
],
[
"科",
"か"
]
],
"word": "外科: surgery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "any non-Buddhist religion",
"roman": "gedō",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "外道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gehō",
"word": "外法: any non-Buddhist religion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "any non-Buddhist teaching"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外"
},
"expansion": "外 (MC ngwajH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ngwajH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "外(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 0 2 9 2 9 1 26 4 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Buddhist teachings or texts"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-OZyUAvMy",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"teaching",
"teaching"
],
[
"text",
"text"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings or texts"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"external"
],
"id": "en-外-ja-noun-PEYjhJpJ",
"links": [
[
"external",
"external"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in compounds) external"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ぐゑ",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading げ",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading げ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぐわい",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading がい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading そと",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading と",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はず-す",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はず-れる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ほか",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with tōon reading うい",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foreign"
],
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"other"
],
"links": [
[
"other",
"other"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"except"
],
"links": [
[
"except",
"except"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "背",
"3": "外",
"pos1": "ancient reading found in compounds",
"sort": "そと",
"t1": "back, behind",
"t2": "outside",
"tr1": "so",
"tr2": "to"
},
"expansion": "背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "背",
"3": "所",
"pos1": "ancient reading found in compounds",
"sort": "そと",
"t1": "back, behind",
"t2": "place",
"tr1": "so",
"tr2": "to"
},
"expansion": "背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears from roughly the Muromachi period, superseding earlier to reading (see below). Likely a compound of either 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”), or 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"そと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "soto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そと"
},
"expansion": "外(そと) • (soto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "outside of the box",
"roman": "hako no soto",
"ruby": [
[
"箱",
"はこ"
],
[
"外",
"そと"
]
],
"text": "箱の外"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"そと"
],
[
"雨",
"あめ"
]
],
"text": "外は雨\nsoto wa ame\nit is raining outside\n(literally, “outside is rain”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"qualifier": "the",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the) outside"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "そと"
},
{
"ipa": "[so̞to̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*poka",
"sort": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *poka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkc",
"2": "ホカ",
"t": "outside",
"tr": "*poka"
},
"expansion": "Baekje ホカ (*poka, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "밖",
"t": "outside"
},
"expansion": "Korean 밖 (bak, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *poka.\nRelated to Baekje ホカ (*poka, “outside”), compare Korean 밖 (bak, “outside”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"ほか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hoka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほか"
},
"expansion": "外(ほか) • (hoka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"other (things); the rest"
],
"links": [
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ka̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "他"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"余所"
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"と"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "to",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と"
},
"expansion": "外(と) • (to)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outside"
],
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
]
],
"qualifier": "the",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the) outside"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toilet"
],
"links": [
[
"toilet",
"toilet"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[to̞]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gaikokkaku",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"骨",
"こっ"
],
[
"格",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "外骨格: an exoskeleton"
},
{
"roman": "gaikei",
"ruby": [
[
"外形",
"がいけい"
]
],
"word": "外形: external shape"
},
{
"alt": "gaikei",
"ruby": [
[
"外形",
"がいけい"
]
],
"word": "form"
},
{
"roman": "gaisobo",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "外祖母: maternal grandmother"
},
{
"word": "mother's mother"
},
{
"roman": "gaikō",
"ruby": [
[
"外交",
"がいこう"
]
],
"word": "外交"
},
{
"roman": "gaijin",
"ruby": [
[
"外人",
"がいじん"
]
],
"word": "外人"
},
{
"roman": "gaishō",
"ruby": [
[
"外傷",
"がいしょう"
]
],
"word": "外傷"
},
{
"roman": "gaishutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"外出",
"がいしゅつ"
]
],
"word": "外出"
},
{
"roman": "gaimushō",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"務省",
"むしょう"
]
],
"word": "外務省"
},
{
"roman": "gaikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"外国",
"がいこく"
]
],
"word": "外国"
},
{
"roman": "gaikokujin",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "外国人"
},
{
"roman": "gaikokugo",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "外国語"
},
{
"roman": "gairai",
"ruby": [
[
"外来",
"がいらい"
]
],
"word": "外来"
},
{
"roman": "gairaigo",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "外来語"
},
{
"roman": "gaihaku",
"ruby": [
[
"外泊",
"がいはく"
]
],
"word": "外泊"
},
{
"roman": "gaishō",
"ruby": [
[
"外相",
"がいしょう"
]
],
"word": "外相"
},
{
"roman": "gaiji",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"耳",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "外耳"
},
{
"roman": "gaien",
"ruby": [
[
"外苑",
"がいえん"
]
],
"word": "外苑"
},
{
"roman": "gaishi",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"資",
"し"
]
],
"word": "外資"
},
{
"roman": "gaika",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"貨",
"か"
]
],
"word": "外貨"
},
{
"roman": "gaisō",
"ruby": [
[
"外装",
"がいそう"
]
],
"word": "外装"
},
{
"roman": "gaibu",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
]
],
"word": "外部"
},
{
"roman": "kaigai",
"ruby": [
[
"海外",
"かいがい"
]
],
"word": "海外"
},
{
"english": "outside a room, outdoor",
"roman": "shitsugai",
"ruby": [
[
"室外",
"しつがい"
]
],
"word": "室外"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "外",
"sort": "かい'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 外 (ŋuɑiᴴ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 外 (ŋuɑiᴴ)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"がい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-gai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gwai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぐわい",
"roman": "gwai",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "がい",
"hhira": "ぐわい"
},
"expansion": "外(がい) • (-gai) ^(←ぐわい (gwai)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outside; external"
],
"links": [
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"external",
"external"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"except for"
],
"links": [
[
"except",
"except"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 外",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "as a field of medicine",
"roman": "geka",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
],
[
"科",
"か"
]
],
"word": "外科: surgery"
},
{
"english": "any non-Buddhist religion",
"roman": "gedō",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
],
[
"道",
"どう"
]
],
"word": "外道"
},
{
"roman": "gehō",
"word": "外法: any non-Buddhist religion"
},
{
"word": "any non-Buddhist teaching"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外"
},
"expansion": "外 (MC ngwajH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ngwajH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "外",
"ruby": [
[
"外",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "外(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"non-Buddhist teachings or texts"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Buddhist",
"Buddhist"
],
[
"teaching",
"teaching"
],
[
"text",
"text"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings or texts"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"external"
],
"links": [
[
"external",
"external"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in compounds) external"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"word": "外"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "外",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"外"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "外/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"categories\": [\"Japanese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Japanese lemmas\", \"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Japanese nouns\", \"Japanese single-kanji terms\", \"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese\", \"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji\", \"Japanese terms spelled with 外\", \"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Japanese terms with multiple readings\", \"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys\", \"Japanese terms written with one Han script character\"], \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"余所\"], \"word\": \"外\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "外",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.