"kuka" meaning in Finnish

See kuka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

IPA: /ˈkukɑ/, [ˈkukɑ̝]
Rhymes: -ukɑ Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *ku, from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-. The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with joka and mikä). Cognate with Estonian kumb (“which”), Erzya кона (kona, “which”), кода (koda, “how”), Hungarian hol (“where”), Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”), Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”), and Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”). Etymology templates: {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*ku}} Proto-Finnic *ku, {{inh|fi|urj-pro|*ku-|*ku- ~ *ko-}} Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-, {{affix|fi|-ka}} -ka, {{m|fi|joka}} joka, {{m|fi|mikä}} mikä, {{cog|et|kumb||which}} Estonian kumb (“which”), {{cog|myv|кона||which}} Erzya кона (kona, “which”), {{m|myv|кода||how}} кода (koda, “how”), {{cog|hu|hol||where}} Hungarian hol (“where”), {{cog|enf||t=which one|tr=hōke}} Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”), {{cog|nio||t=where|tr=kuninu}} Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”), {{cog|xas||t=if|tr=kāmǝ̑n}} Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”) Head templates: {{head|fi|pronoun|cat2=|head=}} kuka, {{fi-pron}} kuka Inflection templates: {{fi-decl-pron|10p=(kuille) keille|10s=(kulle) kenelle (——) kelle|11p=(kuina) keinä|11s=(kuna) kenenä (——) kenä|12p=(kuiksi) keiksi|12s=(kuksi) keneksi|13p=(kuitta) keittä|13s=(kutta) kenettä|14p=(kuin, kuinka*) (—)|14s=(kun*)|1p=(kutka) ketkä|1s=kuka / (ken)|2p=(kuiden) keiden (kuitten) keitten|2s=(kunka) kenen|3p=(kuita) keitä|3s=(kuta) ketä|4p=(kutka) ketkä|4s=(kunka) kenet|5p=(kuissa) keissä|5s=(kussa) kenessä|6p=(kuista) keistä|6s=(kusta) kenestä|7p=(kuihin) keihin|7s=(kuhun) keneen (——) kehen|8p=(kuilla) keillä|8s=(kulla) kenellä (——) kellä|9p=(kuilta) keiltä|9s=(kulta) keneltä (——) keltä|a5s=(kulloin)|a6s=(kuten*) (kutenka*)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kuka [nominative, singular], ken [nominative, singular], ketkä [nominative, plural], kutka ketkä [nominative, plural], - [singular, superessive], - [plural, superessive], kenen [genitive, singular], kunka kenen [genitive, singular], keiden [genitive, plural], kuiden keiden [genitive, plural], keitten [genitive, plural], kuitten keitten [genitive, plural], - [delative, singular], - [delative, plural], ketä [partitive, singular], kuta ketä [partitive, singular], keitä [partitive, plural], kuita keitä [partitive, plural], - [singular, sublative], - [plural, sublative], kenet [accusative, singular], kunka kenet [accusative, singular], ketkä [accusative, plural], kutka ketkä [accusative, plural], - [lative, singular], - [lative, plural], kenessä [inessive, singular], kussa kenessä [inessive, singular], keissä [inessive, plural], kuissa keissä [inessive, plural], kulloin [singular, temporal], - [plural, temporal], kenestä [elative, singular], kusta kenestä [elative, singular], keistä [elative, plural], kuista keistä [elative, plural], kuten* [causative, singular], kutenka* [causative, singular], - [causative, plural], keneen [illative, singular], kuhun keneen [illative, singular], (——) kehen [illative, singular], keihin [illative, plural], kuihin keihin [illative, plural], - [multiplicative, singular], - [multiplicative, plural], kenellä [adessive, singular], kulla kenellä [adessive, singular], (——) kellä [adessive, singular], keillä [adessive, plural], kuilla keillä [adessive, plural], - [distributive], keneltä [ablative, singular], kulta keneltä [ablative, singular], (——) keltä [ablative, singular], keiltä [ablative, plural], kuilta keiltä [ablative, plural], - [distributive, temporal], kenelle [allative, singular], kulle kenelle [allative, singular], (——) kelle [allative, singular], keille [allative, plural], kuille keille [allative, plural], - [prolative, singular], - [plural, prolative], kenenä [essive, singular], kuna kenenä [essive, singular], (——) kenä [essive, singular], keinä [essive, plural], kuina keinä [essive, plural], - [singular, situative], - [plural, situative], keneksi [singular, translative], kuksi keneksi [singular, translative], keiksi [plural, translative], kuiksi keiksi [plural, translative], - [oppositive, singular], - [oppositive, plural], kenettä [abessive, singular], kutta kenettä [abessive, singular], keittä [abessive, plural], kuitta keittä [abessive, plural], kun* [instructive, singular], (kuin, kuinka*) (—) [instructive, plural], - [comitative, singular], - [comitative, plural]
  1. (interrogative) who Tags: interrogative
    Sense id: en-kuka-fi-pron-btAzcUC9
  2. (relative) who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes) Tags: relative
    Sense id: en-kuka-fi-pron-Y6vmtDPU Categories (other): Finnish entries with incorrect language header, Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup, Finnish indefinite pronouns, Finnish interrogative pronouns, Finnish pronouns, Finnish relative pronouns, Finnish terms suffixed with -ka Disambiguation of Finnish entries with incorrect language header: 12 77 12 Disambiguation of Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup: 9 82 9 Disambiguation of Finnish indefinite pronouns: 22 57 22 Disambiguation of Finnish interrogative pronouns: 18 63 18 Disambiguation of Finnish pronouns: 23 54 23 Disambiguation of Finnish relative pronouns: 10 79 10 Disambiguation of Finnish terms suffixed with -ka: 15 70 15
  3. (relative, dialectal) who Tags: dialectal, relative Synonyms: joka, mikä
    Sense id: en-kuka-fi-pron-btAzcUC91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ken (english: see the inflection section above)
Related terms: joka, jokin, joku, jompikumpi, kukaan, kukaties, kukin, kumpi, kumpikaan, kumpikin, kukapa tietää?

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kuka meaning in Finnish (12.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*ku-",
        "4": "*ku- ~ *ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-ka"
      },
      "expansion": "-ka",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "joka"
      },
      "expansion": "joka",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "mikä"
      },
      "expansion": "mikä",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "kumb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "which"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian kumb (“which”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "myv",
        "2": "кона",
        "3": "",
        "4": "which"
      },
      "expansion": "Erzya кона (kona, “which”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "myv",
        "2": "кода",
        "3": "",
        "4": "how"
      },
      "expansion": "кода (koda, “how”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "hol",
        "3": "",
        "4": "where"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian hol (“where”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enf",
        "2": "",
        "t": "which one",
        "tr": "hōke"
      },
      "expansion": "Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nio",
        "2": "",
        "t": "where",
        "tr": "kuninu"
      },
      "expansion": "Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xas",
        "2": "",
        "t": "if",
        "tr": "kāmǝ̑n"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ku, from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-. The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with joka and mikä). Cognate with Estonian kumb (“which”), Erzya кона (kona, “which”), кода (koda, “how”), Hungarian hol (“where”), Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”), Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”), and Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fi-decl-pron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutka ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunka kenen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuiden keiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keitten",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuitten keitten",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuta ketä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuita keitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunka kenet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutka ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "lative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "lative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kussa kenessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuissa keissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulloin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kusta kenestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuista keistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuten*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutenka*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuhun keneen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kehen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuihin keihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "multiplicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "multiplicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulla kenellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuilla keillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "distributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulta keneltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) keltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuilta keiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "distributive",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulle kenelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuille keille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "prolative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prolative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuna kenenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuina keinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "situative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "situative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuksi keneksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuiksi keiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oppositive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oppositive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutta kenettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuitta keittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kun*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(kuin, kuinka*) (—)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kuka",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kuka",
      "name": "fi-pron"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "10p": "(kuille) keille",
        "10s": "(kulle) kenelle\n(——) kelle",
        "11p": "(kuina) keinä",
        "11s": "(kuna) kenenä\n(——) kenä",
        "12p": "(kuiksi) keiksi",
        "12s": "(kuksi) keneksi",
        "13p": "(kuitta) keittä",
        "13s": "(kutta) kenettä",
        "14p": "(kuin, kuinka*) (—)",
        "14s": "(kun*)",
        "1p": "(kutka) ketkä",
        "1s": "kuka / (ken)",
        "2p": "(kuiden) keiden\n(kuitten) keitten",
        "2s": "(kunka) kenen",
        "3p": "(kuita) keitä",
        "3s": "(kuta) ketä",
        "4p": "(kutka) ketkä",
        "4s": "(kunka) kenet",
        "5p": "(kuissa) keissä",
        "5s": "(kussa) kenessä",
        "6p": "(kuista) keistä",
        "6s": "(kusta) kenestä",
        "7p": "(kuihin) keihin",
        "7s": "(kuhun) keneen\n(——) kehen",
        "8p": "(kuilla) keillä",
        "8s": "(kulla) kenellä\n(——) kellä",
        "9p": "(kuilta) keiltä",
        "9s": "(kulta) keneltä\n(——) keltä",
        "a5s": "(kulloin)",
        "a6s": "(kuten*)\n(kutenka*)"
      },
      "name": "fi-decl-pron"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "joka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "jokin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "joku"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "jompikumpi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kukaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kukaties"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kukin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kumpi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kumpikaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kumpikin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kukapa tietää?"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Who is at the door?",
          "text": "Kuka on ovella?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuka-fi-pron-btAzcUC9",
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(interrogative) who"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 77 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 82 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 57 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish indefinite pronouns",
          "parents": [
            "Indefinite pronouns",
            "Indefinite pro-forms",
            "Pronouns",
            "Pro-forms",
            "Lemmas",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 63 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish interrogative pronouns",
          "parents": [
            "Interrogative pronouns",
            "Interrogative pro-forms",
            "Pronouns",
            "Pro-forms",
            "Lemmas",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 54 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 79 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish relative pronouns",
          "parents": [
            "Relative pronouns",
            "Pronouns",
            "Relative pro-forms",
            "Lemmas",
            "Pro-forms",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 70 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Finnish terms suffixed with -ka",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I don't know who did it.",
          "text": "En tiedä kuka sen teki.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuka-fi-pron-Y6vmtDPU",
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative) who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "relative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuka-fi-pron-btAzcUC91",
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, dialectal) who"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "joka"
        },
        {
          "word": "mikä"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "relative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkukɑ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkukɑ̝]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ukɑ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "see the inflection section above",
      "word": "ken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kuka"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Finnish 2-syllable words",
    "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Finnish indefinite pronouns",
    "Finnish interrogative pronouns",
    "Finnish lemmas",
    "Finnish pronouns",
    "Finnish relative pronouns",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
    "Finnish terms suffixed with -ka",
    "Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Finnish terms with audio links",
    "Requests for native script for Forest Enets terms",
    "Requests for native script for Kamassian terms",
    "Requests for native script for Nganasan terms",
    "Rhymes:Finnish/ukɑ",
    "Rhymes:Finnish/ukɑ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*ku"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*ku-",
        "4": "*ku- ~ *ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-ka"
      },
      "expansion": "-ka",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "joka"
      },
      "expansion": "joka",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "mikä"
      },
      "expansion": "mikä",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "kumb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "which"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian kumb (“which”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "myv",
        "2": "кона",
        "3": "",
        "4": "which"
      },
      "expansion": "Erzya кона (kona, “which”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "myv",
        "2": "кода",
        "3": "",
        "4": "how"
      },
      "expansion": "кода (koda, “how”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "hol",
        "3": "",
        "4": "where"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian hol (“where”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enf",
        "2": "",
        "t": "which one",
        "tr": "hōke"
      },
      "expansion": "Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nio",
        "2": "",
        "t": "where",
        "tr": "kuninu"
      },
      "expansion": "Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xas",
        "2": "",
        "t": "if",
        "tr": "kāmǝ̑n"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ku, from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-. The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with joka and mikä). Cognate with Estonian kumb (“which”), Erzya кона (kona, “which”), кода (koda, “how”), Hungarian hol (“where”), Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”), Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”), and Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fi-decl-pron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutka ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunka kenen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuiden keiden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keitten",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuitten keitten",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuta ketä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuita keitä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunka kenet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutka ketkä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "lative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "lative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kussa kenessä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuissa keissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulloin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kusta kenestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuista keistä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuten*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutenka*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuhun keneen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kehen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuihin keihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "multiplicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "multiplicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulla kenellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuilla keillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "distributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulta keneltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) keltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuilta keiltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "distributive",
        "temporal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kulle kenelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kelle",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuille keille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "prolative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prolative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuna kenenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(——) kenä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuina keinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "situative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "situative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keneksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuksi keneksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuiksi keiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oppositive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "oppositive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kenettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kutta kenettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "keittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuitta keittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kun*",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "(kuin, kuinka*) (—)",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kuka",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kuka",
      "name": "fi-pron"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "10p": "(kuille) keille",
        "10s": "(kulle) kenelle\n(——) kelle",
        "11p": "(kuina) keinä",
        "11s": "(kuna) kenenä\n(——) kenä",
        "12p": "(kuiksi) keiksi",
        "12s": "(kuksi) keneksi",
        "13p": "(kuitta) keittä",
        "13s": "(kutta) kenettä",
        "14p": "(kuin, kuinka*) (—)",
        "14s": "(kun*)",
        "1p": "(kutka) ketkä",
        "1s": "kuka / (ken)",
        "2p": "(kuiden) keiden\n(kuitten) keitten",
        "2s": "(kunka) kenen",
        "3p": "(kuita) keitä",
        "3s": "(kuta) ketä",
        "4p": "(kutka) ketkä",
        "4s": "(kunka) kenet",
        "5p": "(kuissa) keissä",
        "5s": "(kussa) kenessä",
        "6p": "(kuista) keistä",
        "6s": "(kusta) kenestä",
        "7p": "(kuihin) keihin",
        "7s": "(kuhun) keneen\n(——) kehen",
        "8p": "(kuilla) keillä",
        "8s": "(kulla) kenellä\n(——) kellä",
        "9p": "(kuilta) keiltä",
        "9s": "(kulta) keneltä\n(——) keltä",
        "a5s": "(kulloin)",
        "a6s": "(kuten*)\n(kutenka*)"
      },
      "name": "fi-decl-pron"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Finnish",
  "lang_code": "fi",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "joka"
    },
    {
      "word": "jokin"
    },
    {
      "word": "joku"
    },
    {
      "word": "jompikumpi"
    },
    {
      "word": "kukaan"
    },
    {
      "word": "kukaties"
    },
    {
      "word": "kukin"
    },
    {
      "word": "kumpi"
    },
    {
      "word": "kumpikaan"
    },
    {
      "word": "kumpikin"
    },
    {
      "word": "kukapa tietää?"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Finnish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Who is at the door?",
          "text": "Kuka on ovella?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(interrogative) who"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Finnish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I don't know who did it.",
          "text": "En tiedä kuka sen teki.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative) who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "relative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Finnish dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, dialectal) who"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "joka"
        },
        {
          "word": "mikä"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "relative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkukɑ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkukɑ̝]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ukɑ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "see the inflection section above",
      "word": "ken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kuka"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Finnish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.