See wrack in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wrack meaning in English (16.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wrack and ruin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wrache"
},
"expansion": "wrache",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreche"
},
"expansion": "wreche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "misery, suffering"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“misery, suffering”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "wrake",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 15 3 11 6 5 19 10 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 8 7 11 8 12 8 9 6 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clouds",
"orig": "en:Clouds",
"parents": [
"Atmospheric phenomena",
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-HJjdw9-Q",
"links": [
[
"Vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
[
"persecution",
"persecution"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"qualifier": "dialectal or literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal or literary) Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 10 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaic or literary: revenge, persecution",
"word": "wraak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1593, Christopher Marlowe, Hero and Leander, page 7",
"text": "Therefore, in sign her treasure suffered wrack,\nSince Hero's time hath half the world been black.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ruin; destruction."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-D59hQzAE",
"links": [
[
"Ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in dialects) Ruin; destruction."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 79 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic, except in dialects: ruin, destruction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 4 15 3 11 6 5 19 10 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, “Mr. Lytle: An Essay”, in Pulphead",
"text": "Lytle was already moaning in shame, fallen back in bed with his hand across his face like he'd just washed up somewhere, a piece of wrack.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remains; a wreck."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-5nJepngX",
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 11 88",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 11 88",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "roncs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 11 88",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "restos"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "wrake"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wrache"
},
"expansion": "wrache",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreche"
},
"expansion": "wreche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "misery, suffering"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“misery, suffering”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "wrake",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 15 3 11 6 5 19 10 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To execute vengeance; avenge."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-W1-N7H~k",
"links": [
[
"execute",
"execute"
],
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To execute vengeance; avenge."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 15 3 11 6 5 19 10 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To worry; tease; torment."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-Ewp9XyzU",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"tease",
"tease"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To worry; tease; torment."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "black wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "bladder wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "buckey wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pelvetia canaliculata",
"word": "channelled wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "egg wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "flat wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "eelgrass",
"word": "grass wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "Flustra",
"word": "horn wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knobbed wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knotted wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "lady wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "notched wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "serrated wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "spiral wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tidewrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "toothed wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrack line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrack zone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "wreak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreck"
},
"expansion": "wreck",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "persecute"
},
"expansion": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "wrack (countable and uncountable, plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-OUnYdS5i",
"links": [
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 4 15 3 11 6 5 19 10 4 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-ABb-yl0X",
"links": [
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"Fucaceae",
"Fucaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 86 9 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goémon"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 86 9 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carballa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 86 9 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algaço"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 86 9 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "môr-wialen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 86 9 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "morwiail"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Weeds, vegetation or rubbish floating on a river or pond."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-0RvD6wBv",
"links": [
[
"Weeds",
"weeds"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2011",
"text": "A dull wrack was drifting slowly across the sky, and a star or two twinkled dimly here and there through the rifts of the clouds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high flying cloud; a rack."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-6lgIRKNo",
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "storm-wracked"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "wreak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreck"
},
"expansion": "wreck",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "persecute"
},
"expansion": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "wrackt",
"past_ptc2": "wrackt"
},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked or wrackt)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-qyiTZBa-",
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually passive voice) To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cause to suffer pain, etc.",
"word": "rack"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rack (“to cause to suffer pain, etc.”)"
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-GQL-d1w3",
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wrack and ruin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wrache"
},
"expansion": "wrache",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreche"
},
"expansion": "wreche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "misery, suffering"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“misery, suffering”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "wrake",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"links": [
[
"Vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
[
"persecution",
"persecution"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"qualifier": "dialectal or literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal or literary) Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1593, Christopher Marlowe, Hero and Leander, page 7",
"text": "Therefore, in sign her treasure suffered wrack,\nSince Hero's time hath half the world been black.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ruin; destruction."
],
"links": [
[
"Ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in dialects) Ruin; destruction."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, “Mr. Lytle: An Essay”, in Pulphead",
"text": "Lytle was already moaning in shame, fallen back in bed with his hand across his face like he'd just washed up somewhere, a piece of wrack.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remains; a wreck."
],
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "wrake"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaic or literary: revenge, persecution",
"word": "wraak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic, except in dialects: ruin, destruction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "roncs"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "restos"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wrache"
},
"expansion": "wrache",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreche"
},
"expansion": "wreche",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc",
"3": "",
"4": "misery, suffering"
},
"expansion": "wræc (“misery, suffering”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "wrake",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To execute vengeance; avenge."
],
"links": [
[
"execute",
"execute"
],
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To execute vengeance; avenge."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To worry; tease; torment."
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"tease",
"tease"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To worry; tease; torment."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "black wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "bladder wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "buckey wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pelvetia canaliculata",
"word": "channelled wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "egg wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "flat wrack"
},
{
"alt": "eelgrass",
"word": "grass wrack"
},
{
"english": "Flustra",
"word": "horn wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knobbed wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knotted wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "lady wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "notched wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "serrated wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "spiral wrack"
},
{
"word": "tidewrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "toothed wrack"
},
{
"word": "wrack line"
},
{
"word": "wrack zone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "wreak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreck"
},
"expansion": "wreck",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "persecute"
},
"expansion": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "wrack (countable and uncountable, plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items."
],
"links": [
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae."
],
"links": [
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"Fucaceae",
"Fucaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Weeds, vegetation or rubbish floating on a river or pond."
],
"links": [
[
"Weeds",
"weeds"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2011",
"text": "A dull wrack was drifting slowly across the sky, and a star or two twinkled dimly here and there through the rifts of the clouds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high flying cloud; a rack."
],
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goémon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carballa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algaço"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "môr-wialen"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "morwiail"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "storm-wracked"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "wreak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreck"
},
"expansion": "wreck",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "persecute"
},
"expansion": "𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "wrackt",
"past_ptc2": "wrackt"
},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked or wrackt)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually passive voice) To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cause to suffer pain, etc.",
"word": "rack"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rack (“to cause to suffer pain, etc.”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.