See wrack in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wrack and ruin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 16 10 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-HJjdw9-Q",
"links": [
[
"Vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
[
"persecution",
"persecution"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal or literary) Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 11 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaic or literary: revenge, persecution",
"word": "wraak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 34 10 22 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 9 23 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 10 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1593, Christopher Marlowe, Hero and Leander, page 7:",
"text": "Therefore, in sign her treasure suffered wrack,\nSince Hero's time hath half the world been black.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ruin; destruction."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-D59hQzAE",
"links": [
[
"Ruin",
"ruin#Noun"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in dialects) Ruin; destruction."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 81 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic, except in dialects: ruin, destruction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 16 10 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, “Mr. Lytle: An Essay”, in Pulphead:",
"text": "Lytle was already moaning in shame, fallen back in bed with his hand across his face like he'd just washed up somewhere, a piece of wrack.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remains of something; a wreck."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-N0gycK2C",
"links": [
[
"remains",
"remains#Noun"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 27 71",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 27 71",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "roncs"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 27 71",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "pecio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 27 71",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "restos"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "wrake"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 10 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To execute vengeance on; avenge."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-b0PsbHLn",
"links": [
[
"execute",
"execute"
],
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To execute vengeance on; avenge."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 10 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To worry; tease; torment."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-Ewp9XyzU",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry#Verb"
],
[
"tease",
"tease#Verb"
],
[
"torment",
"torment#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To worry; tease; torment."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "black wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "bladder wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "buckey wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pelvetia canaliculata",
"word": "channelled wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "egg wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "flat wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "eelgrass",
"word": "grass wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Flustra",
"word": "horn wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knobbed wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knotted wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "lady wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "notched wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "serrated wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "spiral wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tidewrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "toothed wrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrack line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrack zone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "wrack (countable and uncountable, plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore; flotsam or jetsam."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-fvoencB2",
"links": [
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck#Noun"
],
[
"flotsam",
"flotsam"
],
[
"jetsam",
"jetsam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore; flotsam or jetsam."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "58 34 4 4 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(archaic) remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pecio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The right to claim such items."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-bFrPR24v",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"The right to claim such items."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 11 4 3 2 32 4 0 13 9 5 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 4 5 6 31 7 2 7 6 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 4 4 4 42 5 1 7 6 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 3 3 3 51 4 1 6 5 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 3 4 4 28 4 1 13 12 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 4 6 6 27 6 1 8 6 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 4 4 3 26 5 1 13 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 3 3 3 22 4 1 13 15 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 3 5 5 35 5 1 7 5 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 4 6 6 27 6 1 8 6 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 7 2 1 43 3 2 13 7 4 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "en:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 6 5 26 7 9 6 6 6 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clouds",
"orig": "en:Clouds",
"parents": [
"Atmospheric phenomena",
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-ABb-yl0X",
"links": [
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"Fucaceae",
"Fucaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 86 10 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goémon"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 86 10 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carballa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 86 10 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algaço"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 86 10 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "môr-wialen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 86 10 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "morwiail"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Weeds, vegetation, or rubbish floating on a river or pond."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-PaUISaIc",
"links": [
[
"Weeds",
"weeds#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2011:",
"text": "A dull wrack was drifting slowly across the sky, and a star or two twinkled dimly here and there through the rifts of the clouds.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, flying cloud; a rack."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-noun-HvtGBoUD",
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#Noun_2"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "storm-wracked"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "wrackt",
"past_ptc2": "wrackt"
},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked or wrackt)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-qyiTZBa-",
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually passive voice) To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cause to suffer pain, etc.",
"word": "rack"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024 July 26, “Fans rave as Celine Dion and a FLYING cauldron save washout Paris Olympics opening ceremony”, in dailymail.co.uk:",
"text": "It marked her first performance in over four years after revealing that her body had been wracked with painful spasms following her diagnosis with the rare and chronic neurological disorder.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rack (“to cause to suffer pain, etc.”)"
],
"id": "en-wrack-en-verb-GQL-d1w3",
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wrack and ruin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"links": [
[
"Vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"revenge",
"revenge"
],
[
"persecution",
"persecution"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal or literary) Vengeance; revenge; persecution; punishment; consequence; trouble."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1593, Christopher Marlowe, Hero and Leander, page 7:",
"text": "Therefore, in sign her treasure suffered wrack,\nSince Hero's time hath half the world been black.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ruin; destruction."
],
"links": [
[
"Ruin",
"ruin#Noun"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in dialects) Ruin; destruction."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, “Mr. Lytle: An Essay”, in Pulphead:",
"text": "Lytle was already moaning in shame, fallen back in bed with his hand across his face like he'd just washed up somewhere, a piece of wrack.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remains of something; a wreck."
],
"links": [
[
"remains",
"remains#Noun"
],
[
"wreck",
"wreck#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "wrake"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaic or literary: revenge, persecution",
"word": "wraak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic, except in dialects: ruin, destruction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wrack"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "roncs"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "pecio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the remains, a wreck",
"word": "restos"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrake",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wracu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wracu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣċ",
"4": "",
"5": "vengeance, revenge"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrake, wrache, wreche, from a merger of Old English wracu, wræc (“misery, suffering”) and Old English wrǣċ (“vengeance, revenge”). See also wrake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To execute vengeance on; avenge."
],
"links": [
[
"execute",
"execute"
],
[
"vengeance",
"vengeance"
],
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To execute vengeance on; avenge."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To worry; tease; torment."
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry#Verb"
],
[
"tease",
"tease#Verb"
],
[
"torment",
"torment#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, transitive) To worry; tease; torment."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "black wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "bladder wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "buckey wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pelvetia canaliculata",
"word": "channelled wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "egg wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "flat wrack"
},
{
"alt": "eelgrass",
"word": "grass wrack"
},
{
"english": "Flustra",
"word": "horn wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knobbed wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ascophyllum nodosum",
"word": "knotted wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus vesiculosus",
"word": "lady wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "notched wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "serrated wrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus spiralis",
"word": "spiral wrack"
},
{
"word": "tidewrack"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fucus serratus",
"word": "toothed wrack"
},
{
"word": "wrack line"
},
{
"word": "wrack zone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "wrack (countable and uncountable, plural wracks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore; flotsam or jetsam."
],
"links": [
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck#Noun"
],
[
"flotsam",
"flotsam"
],
[
"jetsam",
"jetsam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"Remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore; flotsam or jetsam."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The right to claim such items."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic)",
"The right to claim such items."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae."
],
"links": [
[
"marine",
"marine#Adjective"
],
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"Fucaceae",
"Fucaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Weeds, vegetation, or rubbish floating on a river or pond."
],
"links": [
[
"Weeds",
"weeds#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2011:",
"text": "A dull wrack was drifting slowly across the sky, and a star or two twinkled dimly here and there through the rifts of the clouds.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A high, flying cloud; a rack."
],
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#Noun_2"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(archaic) remnant from a shipwreck as washed ashore, or the right to claim such items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pecio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goémon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carballa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "algaço"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "môr-wialen"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "morwiail"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Brown algae",
"en:Clouds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "storm-wracked"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "wrak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wrak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vraic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of vraic",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wrack"
},
"expansion": "German Wrack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rek"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vrag"
},
"expansion": "Danish vrag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vrak"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vrak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wræc"
},
"expansion": "Old English wræc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reka",
"3": "",
"4": "drive"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse reka (“drive”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.\nCognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wracks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wracking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wracked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wrackt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wrack",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "wrackt",
"past_ptc2": "wrackt"
},
"expansion": "wrack (third-person singular simple present wracks, present participle wracking, simple past and past participle wracked or wrackt)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"links": [
[
"wreck",
"wreck#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually passive voice) To wreck, especially a ship."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cause to suffer pain, etc.",
"word": "rack"
}
],
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024 July 26, “Fans rave as Celine Dion and a FLYING cauldron save washout Paris Olympics opening ceremony”, in dailymail.co.uk:",
"text": "It marked her first performance in over four years after revealing that her body had been wracked with painful spasms following her diagnosis with the rare and chronic neurological disorder.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rack (“to cause to suffer pain, etc.”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"homophone": "rack"
}
],
"word": "wrack"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wrack meaning in English (17.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.