See vocative in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vocative meaning in English (13.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vocatif"
},
"expansion": "Middle French vocatif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vocātīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "for calling"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλητῐκή",
"3": "",
"4": "for calling; vocative case"
},
"expansion": "κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voco",
"3": "vocāre",
"4": "to call"
},
"expansion": "vocāre (“to call”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wokʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wekʷ-",
"t": "give vocal utterance, speak"
},
"expansion": "*wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vōx"
},
"expansion": "vōx",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Middle French vocatif, from Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”); a calque of Ancient Greek κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”) – from vocāre (“to call”), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-, o-grade of *wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”). See Latin vōx.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vocative",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vocative",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vocative (comparative more vocative, superlative most vocative)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vocal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling or vocation."
],
"id": "en-vocative-en-adj-kY8vy6n5",
"links": [
[
"vocation",
"vocation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "kutsumuksellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "kutsumus-"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "vocationnel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣odebiti",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "წოდებითი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moc̣odebiti",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "მოწოდებითი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "aufrufend"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klitikós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sambodhit",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "संबोधित"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenshoku no",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "天職の"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "vocātīvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prizyvájuščij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "призыва́ющий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zovúščij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "зову́щий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example \"Domine, O Lord\""
],
"id": "en-vocative-en-adj-bjquz0Qh",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"appellative",
"appellative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example \"Domine, O Lord\""
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nidāʔ",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نِدَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "klíčny",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "клі́чны"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zvátelen",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "зва́телен"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocatiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativní"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocatief"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokatiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocatif"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣odebiti",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "წოდებითი"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativ"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klitikós",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klētikós",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sambodhit",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "संबोधित"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "megszólító"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kokaku no",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "呼格の"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocātīvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vokativ",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вокатив"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wołacz"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zvátelʹnyj",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "зва́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativan"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativ"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "klýčnyj",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "кли́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 81",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "cyfarchol"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɑkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvoʊkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɒkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vocative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "väk'ətĭv"
},
{
"enpr": "vŏk'ətĭv"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vocative case"
],
"word": "vocative"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vocatif"
},
"expansion": "Middle French vocatif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vocātīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "for calling"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλητῐκή",
"3": "",
"4": "for calling; vocative case"
},
"expansion": "κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voco",
"3": "vocāre",
"4": "to call"
},
"expansion": "vocāre (“to call”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wokʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wekʷ-",
"t": "give vocal utterance, speak"
},
"expansion": "*wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vōx"
},
"expansion": "vōx",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Middle French vocatif, from Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”); a calque of Ancient Greek κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”) – from vocāre (“to call”), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-, o-grade of *wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”). See Latin vōx.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vocatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vocative (plural vocatives)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "interjection"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 39 28 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 35 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 23 37 28 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammatical cases",
"orig": "en:Grammatical cases",
"parents": [
"Grammar",
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vocative case"
],
"id": "en-vocative-en-noun-dNwlBhPR",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"vocative case",
"vocative case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) The vocative case"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word in the vocative case"
],
"id": "en-vocative-en-noun-ONKt~qeI",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"vocative case",
"vocative case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A word in the vocative case"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Something said to (or as though to) a particular person or thing; an entreaty, an invocation."
],
"id": "en-vocative-en-noun-toZZcGHZ",
"links": [
[
"entreaty",
"entreaty"
],
[
"invocation",
"invocation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Something said to (or as though to) a particular person or thing; an entreaty, an invocation."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɑkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvoʊkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɒkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vocative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "väk'ətĭv"
},
{
"enpr": "vŏk'ətĭv"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vocative case"
],
"word": "vocative"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Middle English term requests",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"en:Grammatical cases"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vocatif"
},
"expansion": "Middle French vocatif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vocātīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "for calling"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλητῐκή",
"3": "",
"4": "for calling; vocative case"
},
"expansion": "κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voco",
"3": "vocāre",
"4": "to call"
},
"expansion": "vocāre (“to call”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wokʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wekʷ-",
"t": "give vocal utterance, speak"
},
"expansion": "*wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vōx"
},
"expansion": "vōx",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Middle French vocatif, from Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”); a calque of Ancient Greek κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”) – from vocāre (“to call”), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-, o-grade of *wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”). See Latin vōx.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vocative",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vocative",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vocative (comparative more vocative, superlative most vocative)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vocal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling or vocation."
],
"links": [
[
"vocation",
"vocation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example \"Domine, O Lord\""
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"appellative",
"appellative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example \"Domine, O Lord\""
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɑkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvoʊkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɒkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vocative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "väk'ətĭv"
},
{
"enpr": "vŏk'ətĭv"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "kutsumuksellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "kutsumus-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "vocationnel"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣odebiti",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "წოდებითი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moc̣odebiti",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "მოწოდებითი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "aufrufend"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klitikós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sambodhit",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "संबोधित"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenshoku no",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "天職の"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "vocātīvus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prizyvájuščij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "призыва́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zovúščij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to calling",
"word": "зову́щий"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nidāʔ",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نِدَاء"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "klíčny",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "клі́чны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zvátelen",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "зва́телен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocatiu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativní"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocatief"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokatiivinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocatif"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣odebiti",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "წოდებითი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klitikós",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klētikós",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "κλητικός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sambodhit",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "संबोधित"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "megszólító"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kokaku no",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "呼格の"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocātīvus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vokativ",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вокатив"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wołacz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zvátelʹnyj",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "зва́тельный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vocativo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "vokativ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "klýčnyj",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "кли́чний"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "grammar: used in address",
"word": "cyfarchol"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vocative case"
],
"word": "vocative"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Middle English term requests",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"en:Grammatical cases"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vocatif"
},
"expansion": "Middle French vocatif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vocātīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "for calling"
},
"expansion": "Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλητῐκή",
"3": "",
"4": "for calling; vocative case"
},
"expansion": "κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voco",
"3": "vocāre",
"4": "to call"
},
"expansion": "vocāre (“to call”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wokʷ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wekʷ-",
"t": "give vocal utterance, speak"
},
"expansion": "*wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vōx"
},
"expansion": "vōx",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Middle French vocatif, from Latin vocātīvus (“for calling”); a calque of Ancient Greek κλητῐκή (klētikḗ, “for calling; vocative case”) – from vocāre (“to call”), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-, o-grade of *wekʷ- (“give vocal utterance, speak”). See Latin vōx.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vocatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vocative (plural vocatives)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "interjection"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"The vocative case"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"vocative case",
"vocative case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) The vocative case"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"A word in the vocative case"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"vocative case",
"vocative case"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A word in the vocative case"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Something said to (or as though to) a particular person or thing; an entreaty, an invocation."
],
"links": [
[
"entreaty",
"entreaty"
],
[
"invocation",
"invocation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Something said to (or as though to) a particular person or thing; an entreaty, an invocation."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɑkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvoʊkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɒkətɪv/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vocative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vocative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "väk'ətĭv"
},
{
"enpr": "vŏk'ətĭv"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vocative case"
],
"word": "vocative"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.