See vitiate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vitiate meaning in English (9.9kB)
{
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"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiātus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitiō",
"3": "",
"4": "damage, spoil"
},
"expansion": "vitiō (“damage, spoil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitium",
"3": "",
"4": "vice"
},
"expansion": "vitium (“vice”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Latin vitiātus, the perfect passive participle of vitiō (“damage, spoil”), from vitium (“vice”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vitiates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiated",
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiated",
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vice"
}
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 14 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838, Ralph Waldo Emerson, An Address delivered before the Senior Class in Divinity College, Cambridge, Sunday evening, 15 July, 1838",
"text": "The least admixture of a lie, -- for example, the taint of vanity, the least attempt to make a good impression, a favorable appearance, -- will instantly vitiate the effect.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Andrew Miller, Ingenious Pain",
"text": "‘Mr Rose,’ says the Physician, ‘this man was brought to us from Russia. Precisely such a case of vitiated judgment as I describe at length in my Treatise on Madness. Mayhap you have read it?’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 August, David Roodman, “A Short Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments”, in Center for Global Development Working Paper 125, page 9",
"text": "Unfortunately, as Anderson and Sørenson (1996) and Bowsher (2002) document, instrument proliferation can vitiate the test.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, quoting J. Charney et al., Carbon Dioxide and Climate […], National Research Council, 1979, quoted in Merchants of Doubt",
"text": "We have examined with care all known negative feedback mechanisms, such as increase in low or middle cloud amount, and have concluded that the oversimplifications and inaccuracies in the models are not likely to have vitiated the principal conclusions that there will be appreciable warming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something."
],
"id": "en-vitiate-en-verb-NrxUIC64",
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"value",
"value"
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[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"effectiveness",
"effectiveness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razvaljam",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "развалям"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreždam",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "повреждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "bederven"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "pilata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gapuč̣eba",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "გაფუჭება"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣axdena",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "წახდენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "beschädigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "elront"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "tönkretesz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "utarma"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "viciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to spoil",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispórtitʹ",
"sense": "to spoil",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испо́ртить"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, Leo Tolstoy, The Slavery of Our Times",
"text": "The robber does not intentionally vitiate people, but the governments, to accomplish their ends, vitiate whole generations from childhood to manhood with false religions and patriotic instruction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To debase or morally corrupt."
],
"id": "en-vitiate-en-verb-zsC0DDyN",
"links": [
[
"debase",
"debase"
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[
"morally",
"morally"
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[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To debase or morally corrupt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokvarjavam",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "покварявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "garq̇vna",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "გარყვნა"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "megront"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "viciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "развраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvratítʹ",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разврати́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, John Fowles, The Magus",
"text": "‘Crush the cockatrice,’ he groaned, from his death-cell. ‘I am dead in law’ – but of the girl he denied that he had ‘attempted to vitiate her at Nine years old’; for ‘upon the word of a dying man, both her Eyes did see, and her Hands did act in all that was done’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To violate, to rape."
],
"id": "en-vitiate-en-verb-S2vYQiaM",
"links": [
[
"violate",
"violate"
],
[
"rape",
"rape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To violate, to rape."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gauṗaṭiureba",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"word": "გაუპატიურება"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"word": "megerőszakol"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nasílovatʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "наси́ловать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iznasílovatʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изнаси́ловать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlevátʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растлева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlítʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растли́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, page 78",
"text": "[…]all the hinges of the animal frame are subverted, every animal function is vitiated; the carcass retains but just life enough to make it capable of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 2, Dexter Filkins, “Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup”, in The New Yorker",
"text": "After the trials, Turkey's secular elite was completely vitiated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make something ineffective, to invalidate."
],
"id": "en-vitiate-en-verb-MIT80x3Y",
"links": [
[
"ineffective",
"ineffective"
],
[
"invalidate",
"invalidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make something ineffective, to invalidate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 3 4 86",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 4 86",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaukmeba",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "გაუქმება"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 4 86",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "érvénytelenít"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 4 86",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "hatálytalanít"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 4 86",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "بوزمق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃ.i.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
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{
"audio": "en-us-vitiate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-vitiate.ogg/En-us-vitiate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-vitiate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "viciate"
}
],
"word": "vitiate"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
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"name": "PIE word"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiātus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitiō",
"3": "",
"4": "damage, spoil"
},
"expansion": "vitiō (“damage, spoil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
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"2": "vitium",
"3": "",
"4": "vice"
},
"expansion": "vitium (“vice”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Latin vitiātus, the perfect passive participle of vitiō (“damage, spoil”), from vitium (“vice”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vitiates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiating",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiated",
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vitiated",
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"past"
]
}
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"expansion": "vitiate (third-person singular simple present vitiates, present participle vitiating, simple past and past participle vitiated)",
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"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "vice"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838, Ralph Waldo Emerson, An Address delivered before the Senior Class in Divinity College, Cambridge, Sunday evening, 15 July, 1838",
"text": "The least admixture of a lie, -- for example, the taint of vanity, the least attempt to make a good impression, a favorable appearance, -- will instantly vitiate the effect.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Andrew Miller, Ingenious Pain",
"text": "‘Mr Rose,’ says the Physician, ‘this man was brought to us from Russia. Precisely such a case of vitiated judgment as I describe at length in my Treatise on Madness. Mayhap you have read it?’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 August, David Roodman, “A Short Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments”, in Center for Global Development Working Paper 125, page 9",
"text": "Unfortunately, as Anderson and Sørenson (1996) and Bowsher (2002) document, instrument proliferation can vitiate the test.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, quoting J. Charney et al., Carbon Dioxide and Climate […], National Research Council, 1979, quoted in Merchants of Doubt",
"text": "We have examined with care all known negative feedback mechanisms, such as increase in low or middle cloud amount, and have concluded that the oversimplifications and inaccuracies in the models are not likely to have vitiated the principal conclusions that there will be appreciable warming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something."
],
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"effectiveness",
"effectiveness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, Leo Tolstoy, The Slavery of Our Times",
"text": "The robber does not intentionally vitiate people, but the governments, to accomplish their ends, vitiate whole generations from childhood to manhood with false religions and patriotic instruction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To debase or morally corrupt."
],
"links": [
[
"debase",
"debase"
],
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To debase or morally corrupt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, John Fowles, The Magus",
"text": "‘Crush the cockatrice,’ he groaned, from his death-cell. ‘I am dead in law’ – but of the girl he denied that he had ‘attempted to vitiate her at Nine years old’; for ‘upon the word of a dying man, both her Eyes did see, and her Hands did act in all that was done’.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To violate, to rape."
],
"links": [
[
"violate",
"violate"
],
[
"rape",
"rape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To violate, to rape."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, page 78",
"text": "[…]all the hinges of the animal frame are subverted, every animal function is vitiated; the carcass retains but just life enough to make it capable of suffering.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 2, Dexter Filkins, “Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup”, in The New Yorker",
"text": "After the trials, Turkey's secular elite was completely vitiated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make something ineffective, to invalidate."
],
"links": [
[
"ineffective",
"ineffective"
],
[
"invalidate",
"invalidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make something ineffective, to invalidate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃ.i.eɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vitiate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-vitiate.ogg/En-us-vitiate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-vitiate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
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"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "viciate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razvaljam",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "развалям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreždam",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "повреждам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "bederven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "pilata"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gapuč̣eba",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "გაფუჭება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣axdena",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "წახდენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "beschädigen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "elront"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "tönkretesz"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "utarma"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to spoil",
"word": "viciar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to spoil",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispórtitʹ",
"sense": "to spoil",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испо́ртить"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokvarjavam",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "покварявам"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "garq̇vna",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "გარყვნა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "megront"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"word": "viciar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "развраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvratítʹ",
"sense": "to debase or morally corrupt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разврати́ть"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gauṗaṭiureba",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"word": "გაუპატიურება"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"word": "megerőszakol"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nasílovatʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "наси́ловать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iznasílovatʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изнаси́ловать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlevátʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растлева́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlítʹ",
"sense": "to violate, to rape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растли́ть"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaukmeba",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "გაუქმება"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "érvénytelenít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "hatálytalanít"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to invalidate",
"word": "بوزمق"
}
],
"word": "vitiate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.