"testify" meaning in English

See testify in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈtɛstɪfaɪ/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-testify.wav [Southern-England] Forms: testifies [present, singular, third-person], testifying [participle, present], testified [participle, past], testified [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], testify [infinitive]
Etymology: PIE word *tréyes From Middle English testifien, borrowed from Old French testifier, from Latin testificārī, present active infinitive of testificor (“I bear witness”), from testis (“a witness”) + facere (“to make”). See -fy. Etymology templates: {{l|ine-pro|*tréyes}} *tréyes, {{PIE word|en|tréyes}} PIE word *tréyes, {{root|en|ine-pro|*steh₂-}}, {{inh|en|enm|testifien}} Middle English testifien, {{der|en|fro|testifier}} Old French testifier, {{der|en|la|testificārī}} Latin testificārī, {{m|la|testificor||I bear witness}} testificor (“I bear witness”), {{m|la|testis||a witness}} testis (“a witness”), {{m|la|facere||to make}} facere (“to make”), {{af|en|-fy|nocat=1}} -fy Head templates: {{en-verb}} testify (third-person singular simple present testifies, present participle testifying, simple past and past participle testified) Inflection templates: {{en-conj|old=1|past=testified|past_2sg_old=testifiedst|pres_2sg_old=testifiest|pres_3sg=testifies|pres_3sg_old=testifieth}}
  1. To make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath. Tags: intransitive, transitive Translations (to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath): dëshmoj (Albanian), μαρτυρέω (marturéō) (Ancient Greek), شَهِدَ (šahida) (Arabic), վկայել (vkayel) (Armenian), վկայություն տալ (vkayutʻyun tal) (Armenian), свидетелствам (svidetelstvam) (Bulgarian), declarar (Catalan), testificar (Catalan), testimoniar (Catalan), 作證 (Chinese Mandarin), 作证 (zuòzhèng) (Chinese Mandarin), svědčit (Czech), bevidne (Danish), getuigen (Dutch), mt:t:r-Dba-Dba-A2 (mtr) (Egyptian), todistaa (Finnish), témoigner (French), attester (French), bezeugen (German), 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (weitwōdjan) (Gothic), saksi (Higaonon), tanúvallomást tesz (Hungarian), tanúskodik (Hungarian), vall (Hungarian), deporre (Italian), testimoniare (Italian), 証言する (shōgen suru) (alt: しょうげんする) (Japanese), 증언하다 (jeung'eonhada) (Korean), testificor (Latin), taunaki (Maori), bevitne (Norwegian Bokmål), شهادت دادن (Persian), zeznawać (Polish), declarar (Portuguese), depor (Portuguese), atesta (jurând) (Romanian), declara (jurând) (Romanian), adeveri (Romanian), свиде́тельствовать (svidételʹstvovatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), засвиде́тельствовать (zasvidételʹstvovatʹ) [perfective] (Russian), дава́ть показа́ния (davátʹ pokazánija) [imperfective] (Russian), дать показа́ния (datʹ pokazánija) [perfective] (Russian), svjedòčiti (Serbo-Croatian), testificar (Spanish), vittna (Swedish), manaksi (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-testify-en-verb-YJPRiblp Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 55 45 Disambiguation of 'to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath': 88 12
  2. To make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith. Tags: intransitive, transitive Translations (to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith): μαρτυρέω (marturéō) (Ancient Greek), изразявам (izrazjavam) (Bulgarian), tanúsít (Hungarian), tanúskodik (Hungarian), tanúságot tesz (Hungarian), bevitne (Norwegian Bokmål), atestar (Portuguese), atesta (Romanian), свиде́тельствовать (svidételʹstvovatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), засвиде́тельствовать (zasvidételʹstvovatʹ) [perfective] (Russian), svjedòčiti (Serbo-Croatian), atestiguar (Spanish), aseverar (Spanish), vittna (Swedish), manaksi (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-testify-en-verb-lE7oTUvR Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 55 45 Disambiguation of 'to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith': 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bear witness Related terms: attest, testimony, testimonial, compel testimony

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for testify meaning in English (13.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tréyes"
      },
      "expansion": "*tréyes",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tréyes"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "testifien"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English testifien",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "testifier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French testifier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "testificārī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin testificārī",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "testificor",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I bear witness"
      },
      "expansion": "testificor (“I bear witness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "testis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a witness"
      },
      "expansion": "testis (“a witness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "facere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make"
      },
      "expansion": "facere (“to make”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-fy",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-fy",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\nFrom Middle English testifien, borrowed from Old French testifier, from Latin testificārī, present active infinitive of testificor (“I bear witness”), from testis (“a witness”) + facere (“to make”). See -fy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "testifies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testifying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testified",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testified",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testify",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "testify (third-person singular simple present testifies, present participle testifying, simple past and past participle testified)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "tes‧ti‧fy"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "old": "1",
        "past": "testified",
        "past_2sg_old": "testifiedst",
        "pres_2sg_old": "testifiest",
        "pres_3sg": "testifies",
        "pres_3sg_old": "testifieth"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "attest"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "testimony"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "testimonial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "compel testimony"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath."
      ],
      "id": "en-testify-en-verb-YJPRiblp",
      "links": [
        [
          "declaration",
          "declaration"
        ],
        [
          "evidence",
          "evidence"
        ],
        [
          "oath",
          "oath"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "dëshmoj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šahida",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "شَهِدَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vkayel",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "վկայել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vkayutʻyun tal",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "վկայություն տալ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "svidetelstvam",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "свидетелствам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "declarar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "testificar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "testimoniar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "作證"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zuòzhèng",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "作证"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "svědčit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "bevidne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "getuigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "egy",
          "lang": "Egyptian",
          "roman": "mtr",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "mt:t:r-Dba-Dba-A2"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "todistaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "témoigner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "attester"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "bezeugen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "weitwōdjan",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "marturéō",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "μαρτυρέω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mba",
          "lang": "Higaonon",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "saksi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "tanúvallomást tesz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "tanúskodik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "vall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "deporre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "testimoniare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "alt": "しょうげんする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shōgen suru",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "証言する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jeung'eonhada",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "증언하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "testificor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "taunaki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "bevitne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "شهادت دادن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "zeznawać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "declarar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "depor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "atesta (jurând)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "declara (jurând)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "adeveri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "svidételʹstvovatʹ",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "свиде́тельствовать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zasvidételʹstvovatʹ",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "засвиде́тельствовать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "davátʹ pokazánija",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "дава́ть показа́ния"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "datʹ pokazánija",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "дать показа́ния"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "svjedòčiti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "testificar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "vittna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
          "word": "manaksi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1733, Tho[mas] Allen, “Jesus Christ’s Sixth Royal Embassy; or Word to the Angel of the Church in Philadelphia”, in The Christian’s Sure Guide to Eternal Glory: Or, Living Oracles Most Comfortable, Holy and Instructive of the Lord Jesus Christ from Heaven, in His Royal Embassy to the Seven Churches of Asia, […], London: […] Francis Jefferies […], →OCLC, page 253",
          "text": "[T]he pleaſures of ſenſe have no reliſh vvhere thou [Jesus] irradiateſt and teſtifieſt vvith our conſcience, that vve are the children of God, and have done thy vvill ſincerely, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith."
      ],
      "id": "en-testify-en-verb-lE7oTUvR",
      "links": [
        [
          "statement",
          "statement"
        ],
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "knowledge",
          "knowledge"
        ],
        [
          "faith",
          "faith"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izrazjavam",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "изразявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "marturéō",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "μαρτυρέω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "tanúsít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "tanúskodik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "tanúságot tesz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "bevitne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "atestar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "atesta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "svidételʹstvovatʹ",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "свиде́тельствовать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zasvidételʹstvovatʹ",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "засвиде́тельствовать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "svjedòčiti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "atestiguar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "aseverar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "vittna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 91",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
          "word": "manaksi"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛstɪfaɪ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-testify.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bear witness"
    }
  ],
  "word": "testify"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English intransitive verbs",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tréyes"
      },
      "expansion": "*tréyes",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tréyes"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "testifien"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English testifien",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "testifier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French testifier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "testificārī"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin testificārī",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "testificor",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I bear witness"
      },
      "expansion": "testificor (“I bear witness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "testis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a witness"
      },
      "expansion": "testis (“a witness”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "facere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make"
      },
      "expansion": "facere (“to make”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-fy",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-fy",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\nFrom Middle English testifien, borrowed from Old French testifier, from Latin testificārī, present active infinitive of testificor (“I bear witness”), from testis (“a witness”) + facere (“to make”). See -fy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "testifies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testifying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testified",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testified",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "testify",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "testify (third-person singular simple present testifies, present participle testifying, simple past and past participle testified)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "tes‧ti‧fy"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "old": "1",
        "past": "testified",
        "past_2sg_old": "testifiedst",
        "pres_2sg_old": "testifiest",
        "pres_3sg": "testifies",
        "pres_3sg_old": "testifieth"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "attest"
    },
    {
      "word": "testimony"
    },
    {
      "word": "testimonial"
    },
    {
      "word": "compel testimony"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "declaration",
          "declaration"
        ],
        [
          "evidence",
          "evidence"
        ],
        [
          "oath",
          "oath"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1733, Tho[mas] Allen, “Jesus Christ’s Sixth Royal Embassy; or Word to the Angel of the Church in Philadelphia”, in The Christian’s Sure Guide to Eternal Glory: Or, Living Oracles Most Comfortable, Holy and Instructive of the Lord Jesus Christ from Heaven, in His Royal Embassy to the Seven Churches of Asia, […], London: […] Francis Jefferies […], →OCLC, page 253",
          "text": "[T]he pleaſures of ſenſe have no reliſh vvhere thou [Jesus] irradiateſt and teſtifieſt vvith our conſcience, that vve are the children of God, and have done thy vvill ſincerely, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "statement",
          "statement"
        ],
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "knowledge",
          "knowledge"
        ],
        [
          "faith",
          "faith"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛstɪfaɪ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-testify.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-testify.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bear witness"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "dëshmoj"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šahida",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "شَهِدَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vkayel",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "վկայել"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vkayutʻyun tal",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "վկայություն տալ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "svidetelstvam",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "свидетелствам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "declarar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "testificar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "testimoniar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "作證"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zuòzhèng",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "作证"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "svědčit"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "bevidne"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "getuigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "egy",
      "lang": "Egyptian",
      "roman": "mtr",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "mt:t:r-Dba-Dba-A2"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "todistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "témoigner"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "attester"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "bezeugen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "weitwōdjan",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "marturéō",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "μαρτυρέω"
    },
    {
      "code": "mba",
      "lang": "Higaonon",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "saksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "tanúvallomást tesz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "tanúskodik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "vall"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "deporre"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "testimoniare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しょうげんする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shōgen suru",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "証言する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jeung'eonhada",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "증언하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "testificor"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "taunaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "bevitne"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "شهادت دادن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "zeznawać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "declarar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "depor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "atesta (jurând)"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "declara (jurând)"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "adeveri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "svidételʹstvovatʹ",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "свиде́тельствовать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zasvidételʹstvovatʹ",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "засвиде́тельствовать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "davátʹ pokazánija",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "дава́ть показа́ния"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "datʹ pokazánija",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "дать показа́ния"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "svjedòčiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "testificar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "vittna"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "to make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath",
      "word": "manaksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izrazjavam",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "изразявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "marturéō",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "μαρτυρέω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "tanúsít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "tanúskodik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "tanúságot tesz"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "bevitne"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "atestar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "atesta"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "svidételʹstvovatʹ",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "свиде́тельствовать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zasvidételʹstvovatʹ",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "засвиде́тельствовать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "svjedòčiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "atestiguar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "aseverar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "vittna"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "to make a statement based on personal knowledge or faith",
      "word": "manaksi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "testify"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.