See surveillance in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surveillance meaning in English (16.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antisurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "biosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "countersurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cybersurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "e-surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "geosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "immunosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mass surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oversurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "re-surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "serosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveillance camera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveillance capitalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "uberveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "video surveillance"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surveillance",
"4": "",
"5": "a watching over, overseeing, supervision"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller",
"3": "",
"4": "to watch, oversee"
},
"expansion": "surveiller (“to watch, oversee”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "",
"4": "over"
},
"expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "veiller",
"3": "",
"4": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "veiller (“to watch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "veillier",
"4": "",
"5": "to stay awake"
},
"expansion": "Old French veillier (“to stay awake”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vigilāre"
},
"expansion": "vigilāre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vigilō",
"3": "",
"4": "I am watchful"
},
"expansion": "vigilō (“I am watchful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vigilant"
},
"expansion": "vigilant",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller (“to watch, oversee”), from sur- (“over”) + veiller (“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier (“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre, present active infinitive of vigilō (“I am watchful”). More at vigilant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "surveillance (countable and uncountable, plural surveillances)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wiretapping"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shadowing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tailing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "act",
"word": "lookout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stakeout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sousveillance"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-QUUKawRY",
"links": [
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"suspicion",
"suspicion"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "waarneming"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nəzarət"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "jagoletza"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabljudénie",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilància"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監測"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāncè",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "监测"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānshì",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "监视"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "overvågning"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bewaking"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fichage"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vixilancia"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedamxedveloba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ზედამხედველობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "metvalq̇ureoba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "მეთვალყურეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "daḳvirveba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "დაკვირვება"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überwachung"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parakoloúthisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρακολούθηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitírisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιτήρηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nakkutilliineq"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maakav samui",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מעקב סמוי"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tagpaniid"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "megfigyelés"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sorveglianza"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"alt": "かんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sābeiransu",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "サーベイランス"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaakhlŏəmməəl",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ការឃ្លាំមើល"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamsi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "감시"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nirīkṣaṇaṁ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "നിരീക്ഷണം"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tūteitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oppsikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåking"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåkning"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "susvelhança"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nezârat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "نظارت"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "morâqebat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "مراقبت"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâyeš",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "پایش"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwigilacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilância"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghere"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nabljudénije",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilancia"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ulinzi"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevakning"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevarande"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "övervakning"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "matyag"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "pagmamatyag"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "gözetim"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "gözaltı"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "nezaret"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nahljad",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагляд"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sự giám sát"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwyliadwriaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 13 27 20",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oyghaltung",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אויגהאַלטונג"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 52 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 46 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuous monitoring of disease occurrence for example."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-XUQvzhHM",
"links": [
[
"Continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"monitor",
"monitor"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "en:Espionage",
"parents": [
"Deception",
"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Philosophy",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23",
"text": "The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "Cook was making an impassioned plea to end the technology industry’s collection and sale of user data. “This is surveillance,” he continued.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-v34Q37Fi",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"espionage",
"espionage"
],
[
"Systematic",
"systematic"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"visual",
"visual"
],
[
"aural",
"aural"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"photographic",
"photographic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, espionage) Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"espionage",
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-~DOzXCcw",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"police",
"police"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səɾˈveː.ljəns/",
"tags": [
"Indian-English"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surveillance.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-surveillance.ogg/En-us-surveillance.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-surveillance.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surveillance"
],
"word": "surveillance"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antisurveillance"
},
{
"word": "biosurveillance"
},
{
"word": "countersurveillance"
},
{
"word": "cybersurveillance"
},
{
"word": "e-surveillance"
},
{
"word": "geosurveillance"
},
{
"word": "immunosurveillance"
},
{
"word": "mass surveillance"
},
{
"word": "oversurveillance"
},
{
"word": "re-surveillance"
},
{
"word": "serosurveillance"
},
{
"word": "surveillance camera"
},
{
"word": "surveillance capitalism"
},
{
"word": "uberveillance"
},
{
"word": "video surveillance"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surveillance",
"4": "",
"5": "a watching over, overseeing, supervision"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller",
"3": "",
"4": "to watch, oversee"
},
"expansion": "surveiller (“to watch, oversee”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "",
"4": "over"
},
"expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "veiller",
"3": "",
"4": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "veiller (“to watch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "veillier",
"4": "",
"5": "to stay awake"
},
"expansion": "Old French veillier (“to stay awake”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vigilāre"
},
"expansion": "vigilāre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vigilō",
"3": "",
"4": "I am watchful"
},
"expansion": "vigilō (“I am watchful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vigilant"
},
"expansion": "vigilant",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller (“to watch, oversee”), from sur- (“over”) + veiller (“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier (“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre, present active infinitive of vigilō (“I am watchful”). More at vigilant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "surveillance (countable and uncountable, plural surveillances)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "surveil"
},
{
"word": "wiretapping"
},
{
"word": "shadowing"
},
{
"word": "tailing"
},
{
"english": "act",
"word": "lookout"
},
{
"word": "stakeout"
},
{
"word": "sousveillance"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion."
],
"links": [
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"suspicion",
"suspicion"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Continuous monitoring of disease occurrence for example."
],
"links": [
[
"Continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"monitor",
"monitor"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Espionage",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23",
"text": "The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "Cook was making an impassioned plea to end the technology industry’s collection and sale of user data. “This is surveillance,” he continued.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"espionage",
"espionage"
],
[
"Systematic",
"systematic"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"visual",
"visual"
],
[
"aural",
"aural"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"photographic",
"photographic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, espionage) Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"espionage",
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"police",
"police"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səɾˈveː.ljəns/",
"tags": [
"Indian-English"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surveillance.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-surveillance.ogg/En-us-surveillance.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-surveillance.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "waarneming"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nəzarət"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "jagoletza"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabljudénie",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilància"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監測"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāncè",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "监测"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānshì",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "监视"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "overvågning"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bewaking"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surveillance"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fichage"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vixilancia"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedamxedveloba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ზედამხედველობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "metvalq̇ureoba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "მეთვალყურეობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "daḳvirveba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "დაკვირვება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überwachung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parakoloúthisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρακολούθηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitírisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιτήρηση"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nakkutilliineq"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maakav samui",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מעקב סמוי"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tagpaniid"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "megfigyelés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sorveglianza"
},
{
"alt": "かんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sābeiransu",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "サーベイランス"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaakhlŏəmməəl",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ការឃ្លាំមើល"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamsi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "감시"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nirīkṣaṇaṁ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "നിരീക്ഷണം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tūteitanga"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oppsikt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåking"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåkning"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "susvelhança"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nezârat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "نظارت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "morâqebat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "مراقبت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâyeš",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "پایش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwigilacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilância"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nabljudénije",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilancia"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ulinzi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevakning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevarande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "övervakning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "matyag"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "pagmamatyag"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "gözetim"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "gözaltı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "nezaret"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nahljad",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагляд"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sự giám sát"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwyliadwriaeth"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oyghaltung",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אויגהאַלטונג"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"surveillance"
],
"word": "surveillance"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.