See surveillance on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antisurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "biosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "countersurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cybersurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "e-surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "geosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "immunosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mass surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oversurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "re-surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "serosurveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveillance camera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveillance capitalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "uberveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "video surveillance"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surveillance",
"4": "",
"5": "a watching over, overseeing, supervision"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "veillier",
"4": "",
"5": "to stay awake"
},
"expansion": "Old French veillier (“to stay awake”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vigilō",
"4": "vigilāre",
"5": "to be watchful"
},
"expansion": "Latin vigilāre (“to be watchful”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller (“to watch, oversee”), from sur- (“over”) + veiller (“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier (“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre (“to be watchful”). More at vigilant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "surveillance (countable and uncountable, plural surveillances)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "surveil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lookout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shadowing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sousveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stakeout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tailing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wiretapping"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 7 25 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 9 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 12 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 13 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 13 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 10 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 9 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 6 14 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 14 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 13 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 10 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 14 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 11 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 13 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 10 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 14 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Higaonon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 13 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 15 30 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 13 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 10 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 11 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 13 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 11 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 12 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 10 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 10 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 10 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 9 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 9 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 9 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 13 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 13 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 7 12 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-QUUKawRY",
"links": [
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"suspicion",
"suspicion"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "waarneming"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nəzarət"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "jagoletza"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabljudénie",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilància"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāncè",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監測 /监测"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānshì",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視 /监视"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "overvågning"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bewaking"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surveillance"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fichage"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vixilancia"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedamxedveloba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ზედამხედველობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "metvalq̇ureoba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "მეთვალყურეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "daḳvirveba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "დაკვირვება"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überwachung"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parakoloúthisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρακολούθηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitírisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιτήρηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nakkutilliineq"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maakav samui",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מעקב סמוי"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tagpaniid"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "megfigyelés"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sorveglianza"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"alt": "かんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sābeiransu",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "サーベイランス"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaakhlŏəmməəl",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ការឃ្លាំមើល"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamsi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "감시"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nirīkṣaṇaṁ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "നിരീക്ഷണം"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tūteitanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "sannirīkṣaṇ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "संनिरीक्षण"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oppsikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåking"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåkning"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "susvelhança"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nezârat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "نظارت"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "morâqebat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "مراقبت"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâyeš",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "پایش"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwigilacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilância"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghere"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nabljudénije",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilancia"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ulinzi"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevakning"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevarande"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "övervakning"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "matyag"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "pagmamatyag"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "gözetim"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "gözaltı"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "nezaret"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nahljad",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагляд"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sự giám sát"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwyliadwriaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 2 31 19",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oyghaltung",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "אויגהאַלטונג"
}
]
},
{
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{
"ref": "1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 66–67:",
"text": "Lady Anne appeared in a week or two to have greatly recovered her appetite, and she talked much of the benefit derived from her native air, in order to gain which, she constantly drove out in Lord Rotheles's carriages, and appeared to derive comfort from her admiration of his beautiful bays; beyond this Helen could not perceive that her airings were useful, as her cough increased exceedingly, and all the visitants at the castle expressed surprise \"that she did not place herself under the surveillance of one or other of the great physicians of the metropolis.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Continuous monitoring of disease occurrence for example."
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"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-XUQvzhHM",
"links": [
[
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"continuous"
],
[
"monitor",
"monitor"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"occurrence",
"occurrence"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "en:Espionage",
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"Secrecy",
"Security",
"Ethics",
"Human behaviour",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
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}
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{
"ref": "2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Cook was making an impassioned plea to end the technology industry’s collection and sale of user data. “This is surveillance,” he continued.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-v34Q37Fi",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"espionage",
"espionage"
],
[
"Systematic",
"systematic"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"visual",
"visual"
],
[
"aural",
"aural"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"photographic",
"photographic"
]
],
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"(military, espionage) Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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"espionage",
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
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{
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"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
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"Justice",
"Society",
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}
],
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"In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"id": "en-surveillance-en-noun-~DOzXCcw",
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[
"law",
"law#English"
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[
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"criminal"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
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[
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"process"
],
[
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],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"observation",
"observation"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) In criminal law, an investigation process by which police gather evidence about crimes, or suspected crime, through continued observation of persons or places."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
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}
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{
"ipa": "/sɚˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
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{
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{
"ipa": "/səˈveɪ.ləns/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səɾˈveː.ljəns/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
}
],
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}
{
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{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "surveilans",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: surveilans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: surveilans"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surveillance"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance.",
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{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 22 2 3 2 1 1",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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[
"stakeout",
"stakeout"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-surveillance.ogg",
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{
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"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "surveillance",
"bor": "1"
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"expansion": "→ Dutch: surveillance",
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],
"text": "→ Dutch: surveillance"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surveillance",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: surveillance",
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],
"text": "→ English: surveillance"
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller",
"3": "-ance"
},
"expansion": "surveiller + -ance",
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{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "surveillance f (plural surveillances)",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"surveillance"
],
"id": "en-surveillance-fr-noun-wNJHiM2L",
"links": [
[
"surveillance",
"surveillance#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
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},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"id": "en-surveillance-fr-noun-tbpSYZC5",
"links": [
[
"supervision",
"supervision"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/syʁ.vɛ.jɑ̃s/"
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{
"ipa": "/syʁ.ve.jɑ̃s/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ɑ̃s"
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],
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{
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"1": "id",
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"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: surveilans",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: surveilans"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "surveillance"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance.",
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{
"form": "surveillances",
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}
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{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
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"English terms derived from Latin",
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"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antisurveillance"
},
{
"word": "biosurveillance"
},
{
"word": "countersurveillance"
},
{
"word": "cybersurveillance"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"word": "mass surveillance"
},
{
"word": "oversurveillance"
},
{
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},
{
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{
"word": "surveillance camera"
},
{
"word": "surveillance capitalism"
},
{
"word": "uberveillance"
},
{
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{
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"4": "vigilāre",
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"expansion": "Latin vigilāre (“to be watchful”)",
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}
],
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{
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{
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[
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[
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[
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"ref": "1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 66–67:",
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],
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"continuous"
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[
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"monitor"
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[
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[
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{
"ref": "2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic:",
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"type": "quote"
}
],
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"military"
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[
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"espionage"
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[
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[
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"people"
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[
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"visual"
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[
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"aural"
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[
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"electronic"
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[
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"photographic"
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],
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"politics",
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[
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[
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[
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},
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"tags": [
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}
],
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{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "waarneming"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
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},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "jagoletza"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabljudénie",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilància"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāncè",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監測 /监测"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānshì",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視 /监视"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "overvågning"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bewaking"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "surveillance"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fichage"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vixilancia"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedamxedveloba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ზედამხედველობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "metvalq̇ureoba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "მეთვალყურეობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "daḳvirveba",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "დაკვირვება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überwachung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parakoloúthisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρακολούθηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitírisi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιτήρηση"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "nakkutilliineq"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maakav samui",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מעקב סמוי"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tagpaniid"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "megfigyelés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sorveglianza"
},
{
"alt": "かんし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "監視"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sābeiransu",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "サーベイランス"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaakhlŏəmməəl",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ការឃ្លាំមើល"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamsi",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "감시"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nirīkṣaṇaṁ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "നിരീക്ഷണം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "tūteitanga"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "sannirīkṣaṇ",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "संनिरीक्षण"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oppsikt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåking"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "overvåkning"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "susvelhança"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nezârat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "نظارت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "morâqebat",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "مراقبت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâyeš",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "پایش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwigilacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilância"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzór",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "надзо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nabljudénije",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "наблюде́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigilancia"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "ulinzi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevakning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bevarande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "övervakning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "matyag"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "pagmamatyag"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "gözetim"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "gözaltı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "nezaret"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nahljad",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нагляд"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"word": "sự giám sát"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwyliadwriaeth"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oyghaltung",
"sense": "observation of individuals or groups of individuals",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אויגהאַלטונג"
}
],
"word": "surveillance"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms suffixed with -ance",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/ɑ̃s",
"Rhymes:French/ɑ̃s/3 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "surveillance",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: surveillance",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: surveillance"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surveillance",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: surveillance",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: surveillance"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller",
"3": "-ance"
},
"expansion": "surveiller + -ance",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From surveiller + -ance.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveillances",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "surveillance f (plural surveillances)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"surveillance"
],
"links": [
[
"surveillance",
"surveillance#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"supervision"
],
"links": [
[
"supervision",
"supervision"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/syʁ.vɛ.jɑ̃s/"
},
{
"ipa": "/syʁ.ve.jɑ̃s/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑ̃s"
}
],
"word": "surveillance"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surveillance meaning in All languages combined (18.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.