See surveil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surveillance"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from surveillance",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller"
},
"expansion": "French surveiller",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1903"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1903",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from surveillance (but cf. French surveiller and its variant surveille). First attested in 1903.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveils",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "surveil (third-person singular simple present surveils, present participle surveilling, simple past and past participle surveilled)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "US"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly US)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Espionage",
"orig": "en:Espionage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "resurveil"
},
{
"word": "surveilee"
},
{
"word": "surveiler"
},
{
"word": "surveillable"
},
{
"word": "unsurveilled"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"text": "The plaintiff also stresses that the store as a whole, and the customer exits especially, were closely surveilled.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep someone or something under surveillance."
],
"id": "en-surveil-en-verb-0-RXIZMA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To keep someone or something under surveillance."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "overvåge"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "valvoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "surveiller"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "überwachen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "megfigyel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "inwigilować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obserwować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nadzorować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "monitorować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "vigiar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "övervaka"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈveɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈveɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-survveil.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "surveil"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "resurveil"
},
{
"word": "surveilee"
},
{
"word": "surveiler"
},
{
"word": "surveillable"
},
{
"word": "unsurveilled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surveillance"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from surveillance",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "surveiller"
},
"expansion": "French surveiller",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1903"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1903",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from surveillance (but cf. French surveiller and its variant surveille). First attested in 1903.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surveils",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surveilled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "surveil (third-person singular simple present surveils, present participle surveilling, simple past and past participle surveilled)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "US"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly US)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English back-formations",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Espionage"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"text": "The plaintiff also stresses that the store as a whole, and the customer exits especially, were closely surveilled.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep someone or something under surveillance."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To keep someone or something under surveillance."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɚˈveɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈveɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-survveil.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-survveil.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "overvåge"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "valvoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "surveiller"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "überwachen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "megfigyel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "inwigilować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obserwować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nadzorować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "monitorować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "vigiar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "To keep someone or something under surveillance",
"word": "övervaka"
}
],
"word": "surveil"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surveil meaning in English (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.