See superficial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for superficial meaning in English (21.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonsuperficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficial fascia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficialist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficiality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficialize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficialise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficialness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficial temporal artery"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "superficiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "of or belonging to the surface"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "superficiēs",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix",
"t1": "top, surface",
"t2": "-al"
},
"expansion": "superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more superficial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most superficial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "superficial (comparative more superficial, superlative most superficial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superficiary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "topical"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 7 10 10 18 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 4 6 10 21 24 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Existing, occurring, or located on the surface."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-ks69SVeq",
"links": [
[
"Exist",
"exist"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"located",
"located"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) Existing, occurring, or located on the surface."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"tags": [
"relational"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "deep"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 7 10 10 18 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 4 6 10 21 24 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "superficial muscles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The epidermis is superficial to the subcutis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.",
"Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-en:anatomy",
"links": [
[
"Exist",
"exist"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"located",
"located"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"situated",
"situate"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.",
"(anatomy, relational, often with to) Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with to"
],
"senseid": [
"en:anatomy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"tags": [
"often",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "淺層"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiǎncéng",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "浅层"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "淺"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiǎn",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "浅"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "pinta-"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "äußerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "ākahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "kirimoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 72 3 4 4 8 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-tm0~VXIU",
"links": [
[
"Appear",
"appear"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"examine",
"examine"
],
[
"closely",
"closely"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "external"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 69 7 8 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing to be true",
"word": "näennäinen"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "in-depth"
},
{
"word": "thorough"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-ADEeqUHa",
"links": [
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cursory"
},
{
"word": "skin-deep"
},
{
"word": "surface-level"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "in-depth"
},
{
"word": "thorough"
},
{
"word": "substantive"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 7 10 10 18 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 19 2 8 52 5 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, \"Little Green Men\": A Primer on Modern Russian Unconventional Warfare, Ukraine 2013–2014, Fort Bragg, North Carolina: The United States Army Special Operations Command, page 43",
"text": "These infamous little green men appeared during the decisive seizures or buildings and facilities, only to disappear when associated militias and local troops arrived to consolidate the gains. In this way they provided a measure of deniability—however superficial or implausible—for Moscow.⁴⁰",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent.",
"Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-78Y-cb-l",
"links": [
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"significance",
"significance"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cursory"
},
{
"word": "skin-deep"
},
{
"word": "surface-level"
},
{
"word": "shallow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥiyy",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "سَطْحِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "udaśin",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "উদাসীন"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "膚淺"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fūqiǎn",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "肤浅"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "povrchní"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "oppervlakkig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "supraĵa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "malprofunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "pinnapealne"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiruli",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ზედაპირული"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "richós",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ρηχός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "avathís",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "αβαθής"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipólaios",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ἐπιπόλαιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sathī",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "सतही"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "felszínes"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "felületes"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "yfirborðskenndur"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of understanding",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "mōhio ngutu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "powierzchowny"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neglubókij",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "неглубо́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "faoin"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ytlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "yüzeysel"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "üstünkörü"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyfik",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "אויבנאויפֿיק"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 2 3 72 5 7",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "payaser"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 7 10 10 18 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 4 6 10 21 24 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-P1KX6tOS",
"links": [
[
"Two-dimensional",
"two-dimensional"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 8 2 3 3 75 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "two-dimensional, drawn on a flat surface",
"word": "kaksiulotteinen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 7 10 10 18 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 4 6 10 21 24 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one superficial foot",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-adj-bdkxat7V",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"quantity",
"quantity#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
],
[
"area",
"area#English"
],
[
"linear",
"linear#English"
],
[
"dimension",
"dimension#English"
],
[
"volume",
"volume#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, architecture) Denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "square"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-superficial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg/En-us-superficial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎrhnosten",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "повърхностен"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎomiàn de",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "表面的"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "pinta-"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiruli",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "ზედაპირული"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipólaios",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "ἐπιπόλαιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "felszíni"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "felületi"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficiālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "yüzeysel"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyfik",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "אויבנאויפֿיק"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 41 2 3 3 7 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "sereyran"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 45 45 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent",
"word": "pintapuolinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 45 45 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent",
"word": "pinnallinen"
}
],
"word": "superficial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "superficiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "of or belonging to the surface"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "superficiēs",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix",
"t1": "top, surface",
"t2": "-al"
},
"expansion": "superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "superficials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "superficial (plural superficials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He always concentrates on the superficials and fails to see the real issue.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surface detail."
],
"id": "en-superficial-en-noun-Nf-DF8aq",
"links": [
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) A surface detail."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "superfice"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-superficial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg/En-us-superficial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "superficial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/4 syllables",
"en:Personality",
"en:Units of measure"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nonsuperficial"
},
{
"word": "superficial fascia"
},
{
"word": "superficialism"
},
{
"word": "superficialist"
},
{
"word": "superficiality"
},
{
"word": "superficialize"
},
{
"word": "superficialise"
},
{
"word": "superficially"
},
{
"word": "superficialness"
},
{
"word": "superficial temporal artery"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "superficiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "of or belonging to the surface"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "superficiēs",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix",
"t1": "top, surface",
"t2": "-al"
},
"expansion": "superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more superficial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most superficial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "superficial (comparative more superficial, superlative most superficial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "superficiary"
},
{
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "topical"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"Existing, occurring, or located on the surface."
],
"links": [
[
"Exist",
"exist"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"located",
"located"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) Existing, occurring, or located on the surface."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"tags": [
"relational"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "deep"
}
],
"categories": [
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "superficial muscles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The epidermis is superficial to the subcutis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.",
"Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it."
],
"links": [
[
"Exist",
"exist"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"located",
"located"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"situated",
"situate"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.",
"(anatomy, relational, often with to) Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with to"
],
"senseid": [
"en:anatomy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surficial"
}
],
"tags": [
"often",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely."
],
"links": [
[
"Appear",
"appear"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"examine",
"examine"
],
[
"closely",
"closely"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "external"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "in-depth"
},
{
"word": "thorough"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent."
],
"links": [
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cursory"
},
{
"word": "skin-deep"
},
{
"word": "surface-level"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "in-depth"
},
{
"word": "thorough"
},
{
"word": "substantive"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, \"Little Green Men\": A Primer on Modern Russian Unconventional Warfare, Ukraine 2013–2014, Fort Bragg, North Carolina: The United States Army Special Operations Command, page 43",
"text": "These infamous little green men appeared during the decisive seizures or buildings and facilities, only to disappear when associated militias and local troops arrived to consolidate the gains. In this way they provided a measure of deniability—however superficial or implausible—for Moscow.⁴⁰",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not thorough, deep, or complete; concerned only with the obvious or apparent.",
"Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance."
],
"links": [
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"apparent",
"apparent"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"significance",
"significance"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cursory"
},
{
"word": "skin-deep"
},
{
"word": "surface-level"
},
{
"word": "shallow"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface."
],
"links": [
[
"Two-dimensional",
"two-dimensional"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Two-dimensional; drawn on a flat surface."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Architecture"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one superficial foot",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"quantity",
"quantity#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
],
[
"area",
"area#English"
],
[
"linear",
"linear#English"
],
[
"dimension",
"dimension#English"
],
[
"volume",
"volume#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, architecture) Denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "square"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-superficial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg/En-us-superficial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povǎrhnosten",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "повърхностен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎomiàn de",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "表面的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "pinta-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiruli",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "ზედაპირული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipólaios",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "ἐπιπόλαιος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "felszíni"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "felületi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficiale"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficiālis"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "yüzeysel"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyfik",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "אויבנאויפֿיק"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "existing or located on the surface",
"word": "sereyran"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "淺層"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiǎncéng",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "浅层"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "淺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiǎn",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "浅"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "pinta-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "äußerlich"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "ākahu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "kirimoko"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "on or immediately beneath the skin",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearing to be true",
"word": "näennäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent",
"word": "pintapuolinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saṭḥiyy",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "سَطْحِيّ"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "udaśin",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "উদাসীন"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "膚淺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fūqiǎn",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "肤浅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "povrchní"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "oppervlakkig"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "supraĵa"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "malprofunda"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "pinnapealne"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "pinnallinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficiel"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zedaṗiruli",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ზედაპირული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "oberflächlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "richós",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ρηχός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "avathís",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "αβαθής"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epipólaios",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ἐπιπόλαιος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sathī",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "सतही"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "felszínes"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "felületes"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "yfirborðskenndur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficiale"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of understanding",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "mōhio ngutu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "overfladisk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "powierzchowny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neglubókij",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "неглубо́кий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostnyj",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "пове́рхностный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "faoin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "ytlig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "yüzeysel"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "üstünkörü"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oybnoyfik",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "אויבנאויפֿיק"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "lacking understanding or substance",
"word": "payaser"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "two-dimensional, drawn on a flat surface",
"word": "kaksiulotteinen"
}
],
"word": "superficial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/4 syllables",
"en:Personality",
"en:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "superficiālis",
"4": "",
"5": "of or belonging to the surface"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "superficiēs",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix",
"t1": "top, surface",
"t2": "-al"
},
"expansion": "superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "superficials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "superficial (plural superficials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "superfice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He always concentrates on the superficials and fails to see the real issue.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surface detail."
],
"links": [
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) A surface detail."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-superficial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg/En-us-superficial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-superficial.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "superficial"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.