"stoichiometry" meaning in English

See stoichiometry in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stoichiometry.wav Forms: stoichiometries [plural]
Etymology: Coined as German Stöchiometrie by Jeremias Benjamin Richter in 1792. From Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|de|Stöchiometrie}} German Stöchiometrie, {{af|en|στοιχεῖον|-metry|lang1=grc|t1=element}} Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} stoichiometry (countable and uncountable, plural stoichiometries)
  1. (uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations). Wikidata QID: Q213185 Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Chemistry Translations (the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions): stoigiometrie (Afrikaans), ստեխիոմետրիա (stexiometria) (Armenian), estequiometría [feminine] (Asturian), estekiometria (Basque), стэхіяме́трыя (stexijamjétryja) [feminine] (Belarusian), стехиометрия (stehiometrija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), estequiometria [feminine] (Catalan), 化學計量學 (Chinese Mandarin), 化学计量学 (huàxué jìliàngxué) (Chinese Mandarin), stechiometrie [feminine] (Czech), støkiometri [common-gender] (Danish), stoichiometrie [feminine] (Dutch), stekiometrio (Esperanto), stökiometria (Finnish), stoikiometria (Finnish), stœchiométrie [feminine] (French), Stöchiometrie [feminine] (German), στοιχειομετρία (stoicheiometría) [feminine] (Greek), estekyometri (Haitian Creole), סטויכיומטריה (stoykhiometriya) [feminine] (Hebrew), sztöchiometria (Hungarian), stokiometrio (Ido), stoikiometri (Indonesian), stócaiméadracht [feminine] (Irish), stechiometria [feminine] (Italian), 化学量論 (kagakuryōron) (alt: かがくりょうろん) (Japanese), стехиометрия (stexiometriä) (Kazakh), стехиометрия (stehiometriya) (Kyrgyz), stehiometrija [feminine] (Latvian), stöchjemaetkónde [feminine] (Limburgish), സ്റ്റോയ്ക്യോമെട്രി (sṟṟōykyōmeṭri) (Malayalam), стехиометр (stexiometr) (Mongolian), støkiometri [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), støkiometri [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), عنصرسنجی (Persian), قیاسسنجی (Persian), stechiometria [feminine] (Polish), estequiometria [feminine] (Portuguese), stoechiometrie [feminine] (Romanian), стехиометри́я (stexiometríja) [feminine] (Russian), стехиомѐтрија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), stehiomètrija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), stehiometrija [feminine] (Slovene), estequiometría [feminine] (Spanish), stökiometri [common-gender] (Swedish), விகிதவியல் (vikitaviyal) (Tamil), ปริมาณสารสัมพันธ์ (bpà-rí-maan-sǎan-sǎm-pan) (Thai), stokiyometri (Turkish), стехіоме́трія (stexiométrija) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-stoichiometry-en-noun-en:Q213185 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -metry, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Asturian translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Haitian Creole translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Kyrgyz translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Limburgish translations, Terms with Malayalam translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tamil translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 72 28 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -metry: 69 31 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 74 26 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 72 28 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Afrikaans translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Asturian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 69 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 77 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Haitian Creole translations: 68 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Kazakh translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Kyrgyz translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Limburgish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Malayalam translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 77 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 65 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Tamil translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 71 29 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences Disambiguation of 'the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions': 79 21
  2. (countable, chemistry) The quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-stoichiometry-en-noun--TLYCBDd Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: stœchiometry [archaic], stoicheiometry [British] Derived forms: nonstoichiometry, stoichiometric, substoichiometry

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nonstoichiometry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stoichiometric"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "substoichiometry"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Stöchiometrie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Stöchiometrie",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "στοιχεῖον",
        "3": "-metry",
        "lang1": "grc",
        "t1": "element"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined as German Stöchiometrie by Jeremias Benjamin Richter in 1792. From Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stoichiometries",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "stoichiometry (countable and uncountable, plural stoichiometries)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -metry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Basque translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Limburgish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Thai translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations)."
      ],
      "id": "en-stoichiometry-en-noun-en:Q213185",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "calculation",
          "calculation"
        ],
        [
          "quantitative",
          "quantitative"
        ],
        [
          "relationships",
          "relationships"
        ],
        [
          "reactant",
          "reactant"
        ],
        [
          "products",
          "products"
        ],
        [
          "chemical",
          "chemical"
        ],
        [
          "reactions",
          "reactions"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q213185"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stoigiometrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "stexiometria",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "ստեխիոմետրիա"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estequiometría"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "estekiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "stexijamjétryja",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стэхіяме́трыя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "stehiometrija",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стехиометрия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estequiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "化學計量學"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "huàxué jìliàngxué",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "化学计量学"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stechiometrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "støkiometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stoichiometrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stekiometrio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stökiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stoikiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stœchiométrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Stöchiometrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "stoicheiometría",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "στοιχειομετρία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ht",
          "lang": "Haitian Creole",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "estekyometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "stoykhiometriya",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "סטויכיומטריה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "sztöchiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stokiometrio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stoikiometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stócaiméadracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stechiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "alt": "かがくりょうろん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kagakuryōron",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "化学量論"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "stexiometriä",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "стехиометрия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "stehiometriya",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "стехиометрия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stehiometrija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "li",
          "lang": "Limburgish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stöchjemaetkónde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "sṟṟōykyōmeṭri",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "സ്റ്റോയ്ക്യോമെട്രി"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "stexiometr",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "стехиометр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "støkiometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "støkiometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "عنصرسنجی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "قیاسسنجی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stechiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estequiometria"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stoechiometrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stexiometríja",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стехиометри́я"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стехиомѐтрија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stehiomètrija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stehiometrija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estequiometría"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stökiometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "vikitaviyal",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "விகிதவியல்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "bpà-rí-maan-sǎan-sǎm-pan",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "ปริมาณสารสัมพันธ์"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "word": "stokiyometri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "79 21",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "stexiométrija",
          "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стехіоме́трія"
        }
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q213185"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation."
      ],
      "id": "en-stoichiometry-en-noun--TLYCBDd",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) The quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stoichiometry.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "stœchiometry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "British"
      ],
      "word": "stoicheiometry"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jeremias Benjamin Richter",
    "stoichiometry"
  ],
  "word": "stoichiometry"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from German",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms suffixed with -metry",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Limburgish translations",
    "Terms with Malayalam translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tamil translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nonstoichiometry"
    },
    {
      "word": "stoichiometric"
    },
    {
      "word": "substoichiometry"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Stöchiometrie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Stöchiometrie",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "στοιχεῖον",
        "3": "-metry",
        "lang1": "grc",
        "t1": "element"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined as German Stöchiometrie by Jeremias Benjamin Richter in 1792. From Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon, “element”) + -metry.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stoichiometries",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "stoichiometry (countable and uncountable, plural stoichiometries)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "calculation",
          "calculation"
        ],
        [
          "quantitative",
          "quantitative"
        ],
        [
          "relationships",
          "relationships"
        ],
        [
          "reactant",
          "reactant"
        ],
        [
          "products",
          "products"
        ],
        [
          "chemical",
          "chemical"
        ],
        [
          "reactions",
          "reactions"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q213185"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q213185"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) The quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stoichiometry.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-stoichiometry.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "stœchiometry"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "British"
      ],
      "word": "stoicheiometry"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stoigiometrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "stexiometria",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "ստեխիոմետրիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estequiometría"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "estekiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "stexijamjétryja",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стэхіяме́трыя"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "stehiometrija",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стехиометрия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estequiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "化學計量學"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "huàxué jìliàngxué",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "化学计量学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stechiometrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "støkiometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stoichiometrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stekiometrio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stökiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stoikiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stœchiométrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Stöchiometrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "stoicheiometría",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "στοιχειομετρία"
    },
    {
      "code": "ht",
      "lang": "Haitian Creole",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "estekyometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "stoykhiometriya",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "סטויכיומטריה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "sztöchiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stokiometrio"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stoikiometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stócaiméadracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stechiometria"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かがくりょうろん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kagakuryōron",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "化学量論"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "stexiometriä",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "стехиометрия"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "stehiometriya",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "стехиометрия"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stehiometrija"
    },
    {
      "code": "li",
      "lang": "Limburgish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stöchjemaetkónde"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "sṟṟōykyōmeṭri",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "സ്റ്റോയ്ക്യോമെട്രി"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "stexiometr",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "стехиометр"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "støkiometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "støkiometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "عنصرسنجی"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "قیاسسنجی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stechiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estequiometria"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stoechiometrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stexiometríja",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стехиометри́я"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стехиомѐтрија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stehiomètrija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stehiometrija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estequiometría"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stökiometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "vikitaviyal",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "விகிதவியல்"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "bpà-rí-maan-sǎan-sǎm-pan",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "ปริมาณสารสัมพันธ์"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "word": "stokiyometri"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "stexiométrija",
      "sense": "the study of the relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стехіоме́трія"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jeremias Benjamin Richter",
    "stoichiometry"
  ],
  "word": "stoichiometry"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stoichiometry meaning in English (13.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.