"spoliation" meaning in English

See spoliation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌspəʊliˈeɪʃən/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav Forms: spoliations [plural]
Etymology: From Latin spoliātiō, from spoliāre + -tiō, from spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|spoliātiō}} Latin spoliātiō, {{suf|la|spoliāre|tiō|nocat=1}} spoliāre + -tiō, {{af|la|spolium|-āre|nocat=1|t1=skin, hide, fell}} spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} spoliation (countable and uncountable, plural spoliations)
  1. (archaic) The act of plundering or spoiling; robbery Tags: archaic, countable, uncountable Synonyms: deprivation, despoliation Translations (plundering): ограбване (ograbvane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), plundering (Dutch), صویغون (soygun) (Ottoman Turkish), espoliação [feminine] (Portuguese), despojo [masculine] (Spanish), expoliación (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-spoliation-en-noun-WtmiF2cZ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 46 25 28 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 54 22 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 49 30 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 54 22 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 49 29 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 56 22 22 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 55 22 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 46 32 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 50 27 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 60 19 21 Disambiguation of 'plundering': 56 40 4
  2. Robbery or plunder in times of war; especially, the authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (authorized plundering): плячкосване (pljačkosvane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), vrijbuiterij (Dutch)
    Sense id: en-spoliation-en-noun-O65e41ET Disambiguation of 'authorized plundering': 38 56 6
  3. (law) The intentional destruction of or tampering with (a document) in such way as to impair evidentiary effect. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Law Translations (destruction of evidence): bewijsvernietiging (Dutch), Beweisvereitelung [feminine] (German)
    Sense id: en-spoliation-en-noun-ey0zLvk~ Topics: law Disambiguation of 'destruction of evidence': 8 6 86
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: writ of spoliation Related terms: despoil, despoliation, spoil, spoliate, spoliative, spoliator, spoliatory, spolium

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "writ of spoliation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "spoliātiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spoliātiō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spoliāre",
        "3": "tiō",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "spoliāre + -tiō",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spolium",
        "3": "-āre",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "skin, hide, fell"
      },
      "expansion": "spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin spoliātiō, from spoliāre + -tiō, from spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spoliations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "spoliation (countable and uncountable, plural spoliations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "despoil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "despoliation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoliate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoliative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoliator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spoliatory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spolium"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 25 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 22 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 30 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 22 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 29 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 22 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 32 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 27 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Knife, page 121:",
          "text": "The shop bore even more evident signs of spoliation—that reckless wastefulness which seems the constant companion of cruelty; but little of the grocery appeared to have been touched, excepting the sweet things.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:",
          "text": "In trickery, evasion, procrastination, spoliation, botheration, under false pretences of all sorts, there are influences that can never come to good.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of plundering or spoiling; robbery"
      ],
      "id": "en-spoliation-en-noun-WtmiF2cZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "plunder",
          "plunder"
        ],
        [
          "spoil",
          "spoil"
        ],
        [
          "robbery",
          "robbery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) The act of plundering or spoiling; robbery"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "deprivation"
        },
        {
          "word": "despoliation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ograbvane",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ограбване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "word": "plundering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "soygun",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "word": "صویغون"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "espoliação"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "despojo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 40 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "plundering",
          "word": "expoliación"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Robbery or plunder in times of war; especially, the authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea."
      ],
      "id": "en-spoliation-en-noun-O65e41ET",
      "links": [
        [
          "war",
          "war"
        ],
        [
          "authorize",
          "authorize"
        ],
        [
          "neutral",
          "neutral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "38 56 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pljačkosvane",
          "sense": "authorized plundering",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "плячкосване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 56 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "authorized plundering",
          "word": "vrijbuiterij"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The intentional destruction of or tampering with (a document) in such way as to impair evidentiary effect."
      ],
      "id": "en-spoliation-en-noun-ey0zLvk~",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "intentional",
          "intentional"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "tamper",
          "tamper"
        ],
        [
          "impair",
          "impair"
        ],
        [
          "evidentiary",
          "evidentiary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) The intentional destruction of or tampering with (a document) in such way as to impair evidentiary effect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 6 86",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "destruction of evidence",
          "word": "bewijsvernietiging"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 6 86",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "destruction of evidence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Beweisvereitelung"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌspəʊliˈeɪʃən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spoliation"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "writ of spoliation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "spoliātiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spoliātiō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spoliāre",
        "3": "tiō",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "spoliāre + -tiō",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spolium",
        "3": "-āre",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "skin, hide, fell"
      },
      "expansion": "spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin spoliātiō, from spoliāre + -tiō, from spolium (“skin, hide, fell”) + -āre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spoliations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "spoliation (countable and uncountable, plural spoliations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "despoil"
    },
    {
      "word": "despoliation"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoil"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoliate"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoliative"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoliator"
    },
    {
      "word": "spoliatory"
    },
    {
      "word": "spolium"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Knife, page 121:",
          "text": "The shop bore even more evident signs of spoliation—that reckless wastefulness which seems the constant companion of cruelty; but little of the grocery appeared to have been touched, excepting the sweet things.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:",
          "text": "In trickery, evasion, procrastination, spoliation, botheration, under false pretences of all sorts, there are influences that can never come to good.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of plundering or spoiling; robbery"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plunder",
          "plunder"
        ],
        [
          "spoil",
          "spoil"
        ],
        [
          "robbery",
          "robbery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) The act of plundering or spoiling; robbery"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "deprivation"
        },
        {
          "word": "despoliation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Robbery or plunder in times of war; especially, the authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "war",
          "war"
        ],
        [
          "authorize",
          "authorize"
        ],
        [
          "neutral",
          "neutral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The intentional destruction of or tampering with (a document) in such way as to impair evidentiary effect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "intentional",
          "intentional"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "tamper",
          "tamper"
        ],
        [
          "impair",
          "impair"
        ],
        [
          "evidentiary",
          "evidentiary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) The intentional destruction of or tampering with (a document) in such way as to impair evidentiary effect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌspəʊliˈeɪʃən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spoliation.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ograbvane",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ограбване"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "word": "plundering"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "soygun",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "word": "صویغون"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "espoliação"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "despojo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "plundering",
      "word": "expoliación"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pljačkosvane",
      "sense": "authorized plundering",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "плячкосване"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "authorized plundering",
      "word": "vrijbuiterij"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "destruction of evidence",
      "word": "bewijsvernietiging"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "destruction of evidence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Beweisvereitelung"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spoliation"
}

Download raw JSONL data for spoliation meaning in English (4.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (eaa6b66 and a709d4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.