See specialization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for specialization meaning in English (9.9kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "act of specializing",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"word": "generalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "specialize",
"3": "ation"
},
"expansion": "specialize + -ation",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "specialize + -ation",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specializations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "specialization (countable and uncountable, plural specializations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spe‧cial‧i‧za‧tion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "speciation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 28 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, Robert A. Heinlein, Time Enough For Love",
"text": "A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of specializing."
],
"id": "en-specialization-en-noun-KBOS5FJ9",
"links": [
[
"specializing",
"specialize"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "68 18 8 6",
"sense": "act of specializing",
"word": "particularization"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialització"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specializace"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"word": "erikoistuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spécialisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialización"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spezialisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "eidikótita",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ειδικότητα"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specializzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especializacion"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uszczegółowienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specjalizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialização"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialización"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "specialisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fördjupning"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"word": "satangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спеціаліза́ція"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 28 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Glenn M. Wong, The Comprehensive Guide to Careers in Sports, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, page 35",
"text": "Many MBA programs now allow students to obtain a specialization in sport management. This differs from the joint degree programs in that only one degree, an MBA, is awarded (i.e., a separate master's degree in sport management is not awarded). The MBA with a sport management specialization should be considered as a second option in lieu of the joint degree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The area in which someone specializes."
],
"id": "en-specialization-en-noun-9um-~bLP",
"links": [
[
"area",
"area"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 78 5 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specialnost",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специалност"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 78 5 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialització"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 78 5 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "specialitet"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 23 35 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 38 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, O. A. Jones, Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs V2: Biology 1, Elsevier, page 248",
"text": "Specialization is frequently divided into two categories largely based on methods of study: food specialization and specialization with respect to microhabitat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The adaptation of an organism to a specific environment, or adaptation of an organ to a particular function."
],
"id": "en-specialization-en-noun-22ZUNAaQ",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"adaptation",
"adaptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) The adaptation of an organism to a specific environment, or adaptation of an organ to a particular function."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "spetsialiseerumine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "erikoistuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spécialisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spezialisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "specializācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "specialisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "adaption"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 91 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "satangi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A triangle is a specialization of a polygon to one with exactly three sides."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proof, axiom, problem, or definition whose cases are completely covered by another, broader concept."
],
"id": "en-specialization-en-noun-7VqUylqn",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proof, axiom, problem, or definition whose cases are completely covered by another, broader concept."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌspɛʃəlɪˈzeɪʃn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "non-Oxford British spelling",
"word": "specialisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "concretization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "individualization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "singularization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "specialization"
}
],
"word": "specialization"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "act of specializing",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"word": "generalization"
}
],
"categories": [
"American English forms",
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ation",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "specialize",
"3": "ation"
},
"expansion": "specialize + -ation",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "specialize + -ation",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specializations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "specialization (countable and uncountable, plural specializations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spe‧cial‧i‧za‧tion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "speciation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, Robert A. Heinlein, Time Enough For Love",
"text": "A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act or process of specializing."
],
"links": [
[
"specializing",
"specialize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Glenn M. Wong, The Comprehensive Guide to Careers in Sports, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, page 35",
"text": "Many MBA programs now allow students to obtain a specialization in sport management. This differs from the joint degree programs in that only one degree, an MBA, is awarded (i.e., a separate master's degree in sport management is not awarded). The MBA with a sport management specialization should be considered as a second option in lieu of the joint degree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The area in which someone specializes."
],
"links": [
[
"area",
"area"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, O. A. Jones, Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs V2: Biology 1, Elsevier, page 248",
"text": "Specialization is frequently divided into two categories largely based on methods of study: food specialization and specialization with respect to microhabitat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The adaptation of an organism to a specific environment, or adaptation of an organ to a particular function."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"adaptation",
"adaptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) The adaptation of an organism to a specific environment, or adaptation of an organ to a particular function."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A triangle is a specialization of a polygon to one with exactly three sides."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A proof, axiom, problem, or definition whose cases are completely covered by another, broader concept."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) A proof, axiom, problem, or definition whose cases are completely covered by another, broader concept."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌspɛʃəlɪˈzeɪʃn̩/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "act of specializing",
"word": "particularization"
},
{
"english": "non-Oxford British spelling",
"word": "specialisation"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "concretization"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "individualization"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "singularization"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:specialization",
"word": "specialization"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialització"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specializace"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"word": "erikoistuminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spécialisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spezialisierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "eidikótita",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ειδικότητα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specializzazione"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especializacion"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "uszczegółowienie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specjalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "specialisering"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fördjupning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"word": "satangi"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "act or process of specializing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "спеціаліза́ція"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specialnost",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специалност"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "especialització"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "area in which one specializes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "specialitet"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "spetsialiseerumine"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "erikoistuminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spécialisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spezialisierung"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "specializācija"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializácija",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "специализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "specialisering"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "adaption"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "biology: adaptation",
"word": "satangi"
}
],
"word": "specialization"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.