See sophisticate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sophisticated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophisticated falsificationism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophisticatedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophisticatedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "sophisticating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "sophisticative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophisticator"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sophisticaten",
"t": "to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "sophisticātus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin sophisticātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sophisticus",
"t": "pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical"
},
"expansion": "Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σοφιστικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sophistiquer"
},
"expansion": "French sophistiquer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sofisticare"
},
"expansion": "Italian sofisticare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sofisticar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sofisticar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”), from Medieval Latin sophisticātus, the past participle of sophisticāre (“to disguise; to tamper with; to trick using words”) + -ātus (suffix denoting the possession of features or things). Sophisticāre is derived from Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”) (from Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós), from σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “master of a craft; prudent or wise person; philosopher; teacher, tutor; (derogatory) one who profits from false wisdom, cheat, swindler”), from σοφός (sophós, “able, skilful; clever, intelligent, prudent, wise; cunning”), further etymology unknown) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitives of verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* French sophistiquer\n* Italian sofisticare\n* Spanish sofisticar",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sophisticates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sophisticate (third-person singular simple present sophisticates, present participle sophisticating, simple past and past participle sophisticated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"so‧phis‧tic‧ate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sophister"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophistical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophistically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophistication"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sophistress"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sophistry"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 17 4 28 4 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1796, [Frances Burney], “The Rooms”, in Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Payne, […]; and T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, book VI, pages 269–270:",
"text": "The party to which Mrs. Berlinton was the loadſtone, was far more attractive to the diſciples of nature, though leſs ſedulouſly ſought by thoſe whom the manners and maxims of the common world had ſophiſticated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, William Hazlitt, “Lecture I. Introductory.”, in Lectures Chiefly on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. […], London: Stodart and Steuart, […]; Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "[T]hey were not the spoiled children of affectation and refinement, but a bold, vigorous, independent race of thinkers, with prodigious strength and energy, with none but natural grace, and heartfelt unobtrusive delicacy. They were not at all sophisticated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1879], [Mary Elizabeth Braddon], “La Chicot”, in The Cloven Foot […], volume I, London: John and Robert Maxwell […], →OCLC, page 71:",
"text": "She was no scion of the English houses of Brown, Jones, or Robinson, born and bred in a London back slum, and christened plain Sarah or Mary, to be sophisticated later into Celestine or Mariette.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, R[ichard] S[tanley] Peters, “Motives and Motivation”, in R. F. Holland, editor, The Concept of Motivation (Studies in Philosophical Psychology), 2nd edition, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; New York, N.Y.: Humanities Press, published 1965, →OCLC, page 38:",
"text": "Psychologists have developed quasi-causal theories to explain the directedness of behaviour, to answer the question ‘Why are certain sorts of reasons operative?’ and these theories may well have insinuated themselves into ordinary language as part of the meaning of “motive”. It might well be, therefore, that people who are slightly sophisticated by psychological theories assume some such necessary connexion [between giving the motive for an action and making any assertions of a causal kind about a man’s emotional state].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) less innocent or natural; to artificialize."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-he4LhX3D",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"innocent",
"innocent#Adjective"
],
[
"natural",
"natural#Adjective"
],
[
"artificialize",
"artificialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (something) less innocent or natural; to artificialize."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”); to develop, to refine."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-9ikf05lp",
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"complex",
"complex#Adjective"
],
[
"developed",
"developed#Adjective"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"refine",
"refine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”); to develop, to refine."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usložnjavam",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "усложнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "tehdä hienostuneeksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "tehdä hienostuneemmaksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "sivistää"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "jalostaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 43 31 4 1 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "sofisticar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 4 4 24 7 2 21 2 1 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 4 4 4 26 6 2 20 1 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 7 7 19 7 4 15 5 2 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 17 4 28 4 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 5 3 3 27 4 3 22 2 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 2 2 29 7 1 23 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 9 9 20 8 6 10 7 5 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”); to cosmopolitanize."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-PETe-HUL",
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced#Adjective"
],
[
"ways",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"world",
"world#Noun"
],
[
"cosmopolitan",
"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
"worldly-wise",
"worldly-wise"
],
[
"cosmopolitanize",
"cosmopolitanize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(also reflexive) To make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”); to cosmopolitanize."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 15 64 3 2 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”) — see also cosmopolitanize",
"word": "sivistää"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1523, John Skelton, “A Ryght Delectable Tratyse vpon a Goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, […]”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 366, lines 109–110:",
"text": "How be it, it were harde to construe this lecture;\n Sophisticatid craftely is many a confecture; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1594, Richard Hooker, “To the Most Reverend Father in God My Very Good Lord, the Lord Archbishop of Canterburie His Grace [John Whitgift], Primate and Metropolitane of All England”, in J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 3rd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book IV, page [174]:",
"text": "For there are diuers motiues, drawing men to fauour mightily thoſe opinions wherein their perſwaſions are but weakely ſetled: and if the paſſions of the minde be ſtrong, they eaſily ſophiſticate the vnderſtanding, they make it apt to beeleeue vpon very ſclender warrant and to imagine infallible truth where ſcarce any probable ſhew appeareth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act I, scene iii:",
"text": "This is my friend, Abel, an honeſt fellow,\n He let me haue good Tobacco, and he do's not\n Sophiſticate it, with Sack-lees, or Oyle, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1621 February 24 (Gregorian calendar), Lancelot Andrewes, “A Sermon Preached before King James, at Whitehall, on the Fourteenth of February, A.D. MDCXXI. Being Ash-Wednesday”, in J[ohn] P[osthumous] W[ilson], editor, Ninety-six Sermons […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, published 1841, →OCLC, page 376:",
"text": "It is the manner of the world, and so it is of the \"prince of the world,\" to sophisticate ever the best things with hypocrisy, with superstition, with a thousand devices more.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1639, James Howell, “To my Lord Clifford, from Edenburgh”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume (please specify the page), London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC:",
"text": "to mingle or sophisticate any Wine here",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1678, [John] Dryden, “Epilogue”, in Nat[haniel] Lee, Mithridates King of Pontus, a Tragedy: […], London: […] R[obert] E[veringham] for James Magnes and Rich[ard] Bentley, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Yet the rich Cullies may their boaſting ſpare;\n They purchaſe but ſophiſticated VVare.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1700, [William] Congreve, The Way of the World, a Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act IV, scene i, page 58:",
"text": "VVhy have you not been Naught? Have you not been Sophiſticated?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, Robert Southey, “Colloquy XI. Infidelity.—Church Establishment.”, in Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, pages 117–118:",
"text": "His professional library is neither filled with extravagant and impious fictions, […] nor of books of casuistry, which sophisticate the understanding and defile the heart; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873, Matthew Arnold, “The New Testament Record”, in Literature & Dogma: An Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. […], →OCLC, section 4, page 172:",
"text": "Plato sophisticates somewhat the genuine Socrates; but it is very doubtful whether the culture and mental energy of Plato did not give him a more adequate vision of the true Socrates than Xenophon had.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter and make impure (something) by mixing it with some foreign or inferior substance, especially with an intention to deceive; to adulterate; (generally) to corrupt or deceive (someone, their thinking, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-lsKPtpC4",
"links": [
[
"alter",
"alter#Verb"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"mixing",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign#Adjective"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"adulterate",
"adulterate#Verb"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Verb"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(also figuratively) To alter and make impure (something) by mixing it with some foreign or inferior substance, especially with an intention to deceive; to adulterate; (generally) to corrupt or deceive (someone, their thinking, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second VVeeke, […]. Noah. […].] The Arke. The I. Part of the II. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "The heavy hand of the high Thunderer\n Shall light on thee; and thou I doubt ſhalt be\n His Furies object, and ſhalt teſtifie\n By thine infamous lifes accurſed ſtate,\n VVhat now thy ſhame-leſs lips ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1803 April 9, Thomas Jefferson, “John Adams to Thomas Jefferson. Quincy, July 16, 1813 [quoting Jefferson’s letter to Dr. Joseph Priestley]”, in The Writings of Thomas Jefferson; […], volume VI, New York, N.Y.: Riker, Thorne & Co.; Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Maury, published 1854, →OCLC, page 169:",
"text": "His character and doctrines have received still greater injury from those who pretend to be his special disciples, and who have disfigured and sophisticated his actions and precepts from views of personal interest, so as to induce the unthinking part of mankind to throw off the whole system in disgust, and to pass sentence, as an impostor on the most innocent, the most benevolent, the most eloquent and sublime character that has ever been exhibited to man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-DN-uwg3~",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change#Verb"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#Noun"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 3 88 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way",
"word": "käyttää harhaanjohtavassa merkityksessä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, page [263], lines 1–5:",
"text": "[T]hey ſit in ſome ſun-ſhining place in a chamber or ſome other ſecret roome, where hauing a looking-glaſſe before them they ſophiſticate and dye their haire with the foreſaid drugs, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply an artificial technique to (something)."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-hemP3ZFa",
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply#Verb"
],
[
"artificial",
"artificial"
],
[
"technique",
"technique"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To apply an artificial technique to (something)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 1 1 93 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply an artificial technique to (something)",
"word": "soveltaa keinotekoista tekniikkaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, [Ann Radcliffe], chapter X, in The Romance of the Forest: […], volume II, London: […] T[homas] Hookham and J. Carpenter, […], →OCLC, page 103:",
"text": "The benevolence of her heart taught her, in this inſtance, to ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876 March, Matthew Arnold, “Bishop Butler and the Zeit-Geist. II.”, in The Contemporary Review, volume XXVII, London: Strahan & Co. […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 574:",
"text": "Yet [Joseph] Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate, not to refine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To practise sophistry (“the (deliberate) making of arguments that seem plausible but are fallacious or misleading”)."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-verb-vtfKxbay",
"links": [
[
"practise",
"practise#Verb"
],
[
"sophistry",
"sophistry#English"
],
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate#Adjective"
],
[
"making",
"making#Noun"
],
[
"arguments",
"argument#Noun"
],
[
"seem",
"seem"
],
[
"plausible",
"plausible"
],
[
"fallacious",
"fallacious"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To practise sophistry (“the (deliberate) making of arguments that seem plausible but are fallacious or misleading”)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 13 17 6 2 3 56",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvǎrtam",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "извъртам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 13 17 6 2 3 56",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "olla sofistinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 13 17 6 2 3 56",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "sofismar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav",
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},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/səˈfɪstɪkət/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sophisticate-adj.wav",
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}
],
"word": "sophisticate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "verb",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "sophisticaten",
"t": "to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "sophisticātus"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
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"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "sophisticus",
"t": "pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical"
},
"expansion": "Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σοφιστικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sophistiquer"
},
"expansion": "French sophistiquer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sofisticare"
},
"expansion": "Italian sofisticare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sofisticar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sofisticar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”), from Medieval Latin sophisticātus, the past participle of sophisticāre (“to disguise; to tamper with; to trick using words”) + -ātus (suffix denoting the possession of features or things). Sophisticāre is derived from Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”) (from Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós), from σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “master of a craft; prudent or wise person; philosopher; teacher, tutor; (derogatory) one who profits from false wisdom, cheat, swindler”), from σοφός (sophós, “able, skilful; clever, intelligent, prudent, wise; cunning”), further etymology unknown) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitives of verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* French sophistiquer\n* Italian sofisticare\n* Spanish sofisticar",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
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},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 2 2 2 29 7 1 23 1 1 1 2",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 12 4 20 6 4 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 9 9 20 8 6 10 7 5 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991 December 1, Rudy Grillo, “Who's The Top?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 20, page 8:",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 September 21, Walt Dohrn, Paul Tibbitt, Merriwether Williams, “Sailor Mouth”, in SpongeBob SquarePants, season 2, episode 18a:",
"text": "Patrick Star: Because classy sophisticates like us should not stain our lips with cursing.\n SpongeBob SquarePants: Yea verily!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-noun-hBl9cTc2",
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[
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"sophisticated#English"
],
[
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"experienced#Adjective"
],
[
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"way#Noun"
],
[
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"world#Noun"
],
[
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"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
"worldly-wise",
"worldly-wise"
],
[
"tastes",
"taste#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who is sophisticated, or who has sophisticated tastes",
"word": "hienostunut"
}
]
}
],
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}
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},
{
"args": {
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"forms": [
{
"form": "more sophisticate",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
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],
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"links": [
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"sophisticated#English"
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[
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],
[
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"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
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"worldly-wise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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"Of art or other things: appealing to the tastes of an intellectual or sophisticated (sense 1.1) person; cerebral; also, cultured, elegant, refined."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-adj-uXKQz16U",
"links": [
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"sophisticated#English"
],
[
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],
[
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"thing"
],
[
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"appealing#Adjective"
],
[
"tastes",
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],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual#Adjective"
],
[
"cerebral",
"cerebral"
],
[
"cultured",
"cultured#Adjective"
],
[
"elegant",
"elegant"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1663, John Dryden, “Epistle the Second. To My Honored Friend Dr. [Walter] Charleton, on His Learned and Useful Works; but More Particularly His Treatise of Stone-henge, by Him Restor’d to the True Founder.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 154:",
"text": "So truth, while only one ſupply'd the ſtate,\n Grew ſcarce, and dear, and yet ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Mixed with a foreign or inferior substance; not genuine or pure; adulterated, impure."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-adj-DxuMt4yO",
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"Mixed",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign#Adjective"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"pure",
"pure#Adjective"
],
[
"adulterated",
"adulterated#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"(obsolete) Mixed with a foreign or inferior substance; not genuine or pure; adulterated, impure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Of a thing: having its meaning changed in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"id": "en-sophisticate-en-adj-NKTyw4wH",
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#Noun"
],
[
"changed",
"change#Verb"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"(obsolete) Of a thing: having its meaning changed in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [],
"word": "sophisticate"
}
{
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sophisticated"
},
{
"word": "sophisticated falsificationism"
},
{
"word": "sophisticatedly"
},
{
"word": "sophisticatedness"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "sophisticating"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "sophisticative"
},
{
"word": "sophisticator"
}
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "it",
"2": "sofisticare"
},
"expansion": "Italian sofisticare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sofisticar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sofisticar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”), from Medieval Latin sophisticātus, the past participle of sophisticāre (“to disguise; to tamper with; to trick using words”) + -ātus (suffix denoting the possession of features or things). Sophisticāre is derived from Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”) (from Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós), from σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “master of a craft; prudent or wise person; philosopher; teacher, tutor; (derogatory) one who profits from false wisdom, cheat, swindler”), from σοφός (sophós, “able, skilful; clever, intelligent, prudent, wise; cunning”), further etymology unknown) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitives of verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* French sophistiquer\n* Italian sofisticare\n* Spanish sofisticar",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sophisticates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticating",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sophisticated",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "sophism"
},
{
"word": "sophist"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sophister"
},
{
"word": "sophistic"
},
{
"word": "sophistical"
},
{
"word": "sophistically"
},
{
"word": "sophistication"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sophistress"
},
{
"word": "sophistry"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1796, [Frances Burney], “The Rooms”, in Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Payne, […]; and T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, book VI, pages 269–270:",
"text": "The party to which Mrs. Berlinton was the loadſtone, was far more attractive to the diſciples of nature, though leſs ſedulouſly ſought by thoſe whom the manners and maxims of the common world had ſophiſticated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, William Hazlitt, “Lecture I. Introductory.”, in Lectures Chiefly on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth. […], London: Stodart and Steuart, […]; Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, →OCLC, page 2:",
"text": "[T]hey were not the spoiled children of affectation and refinement, but a bold, vigorous, independent race of thinkers, with prodigious strength and energy, with none but natural grace, and heartfelt unobtrusive delicacy. They were not at all sophisticated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1879], [Mary Elizabeth Braddon], “La Chicot”, in The Cloven Foot […], volume I, London: John and Robert Maxwell […], →OCLC, page 71:",
"text": "She was no scion of the English houses of Brown, Jones, or Robinson, born and bred in a London back slum, and christened plain Sarah or Mary, to be sophisticated later into Celestine or Mariette.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, R[ichard] S[tanley] Peters, “Motives and Motivation”, in R. F. Holland, editor, The Concept of Motivation (Studies in Philosophical Psychology), 2nd edition, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; New York, N.Y.: Humanities Press, published 1965, →OCLC, page 38:",
"text": "Psychologists have developed quasi-causal theories to explain the directedness of behaviour, to answer the question ‘Why are certain sorts of reasons operative?’ and these theories may well have insinuated themselves into ordinary language as part of the meaning of “motive”. It might well be, therefore, that people who are slightly sophisticated by psychological theories assume some such necessary connexion [between giving the motive for an action and making any assertions of a causal kind about a man’s emotional state].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) less innocent or natural; to artificialize."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"innocent",
"innocent#Adjective"
],
[
"natural",
"natural#Adjective"
],
[
"artificialize",
"artificialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (something) less innocent or natural; to artificialize."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”); to develop, to refine."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"complex",
"complex#Adjective"
],
[
"developed",
"developed#Adjective"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"refine",
"refine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”); to develop, to refine."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English reflexive verbs",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”); to cosmopolitanize."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced#Adjective"
],
[
"ways",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"world",
"world#Noun"
],
[
"cosmopolitan",
"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
"worldly-wise",
"worldly-wise"
],
[
"cosmopolitanize",
"cosmopolitanize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(also reflexive) To make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”); to cosmopolitanize."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1523, John Skelton, “A Ryght Delectable Tratyse vpon a Goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, […]”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 366, lines 109–110:",
"text": "How be it, it were harde to construe this lecture;\n Sophisticatid craftely is many a confecture; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1594, Richard Hooker, “To the Most Reverend Father in God My Very Good Lord, the Lord Archbishop of Canterburie His Grace [John Whitgift], Primate and Metropolitane of All England”, in J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 3rd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book IV, page [174]:",
"text": "For there are diuers motiues, drawing men to fauour mightily thoſe opinions wherein their perſwaſions are but weakely ſetled: and if the paſſions of the minde be ſtrong, they eaſily ſophiſticate the vnderſtanding, they make it apt to beeleeue vpon very ſclender warrant and to imagine infallible truth where ſcarce any probable ſhew appeareth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act I, scene iii:",
"text": "This is my friend, Abel, an honeſt fellow,\n He let me haue good Tobacco, and he do's not\n Sophiſticate it, with Sack-lees, or Oyle, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1621 February 24 (Gregorian calendar), Lancelot Andrewes, “A Sermon Preached before King James, at Whitehall, on the Fourteenth of February, A.D. MDCXXI. Being Ash-Wednesday”, in J[ohn] P[osthumous] W[ilson], editor, Ninety-six Sermons […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, published 1841, →OCLC, page 376:",
"text": "It is the manner of the world, and so it is of the \"prince of the world,\" to sophisticate ever the best things with hypocrisy, with superstition, with a thousand devices more.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1639, James Howell, “To my Lord Clifford, from Edenburgh”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume (please specify the page), London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC:",
"text": "to mingle or sophisticate any Wine here",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1678, [John] Dryden, “Epilogue”, in Nat[haniel] Lee, Mithridates King of Pontus, a Tragedy: […], London: […] R[obert] E[veringham] for James Magnes and Rich[ard] Bentley, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Yet the rich Cullies may their boaſting ſpare;\n They purchaſe but ſophiſticated VVare.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1700, [William] Congreve, The Way of the World, a Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act IV, scene i, page 58:",
"text": "VVhy have you not been Naught? Have you not been Sophiſticated?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, Robert Southey, “Colloquy XI. Infidelity.—Church Establishment.”, in Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, pages 117–118:",
"text": "His professional library is neither filled with extravagant and impious fictions, […] nor of books of casuistry, which sophisticate the understanding and defile the heart; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1873, Matthew Arnold, “The New Testament Record”, in Literature & Dogma: An Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. […], →OCLC, section 4, page 172:",
"text": "Plato sophisticates somewhat the genuine Socrates; but it is very doubtful whether the culture and mental energy of Plato did not give him a more adequate vision of the true Socrates than Xenophon had.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter and make impure (something) by mixing it with some foreign or inferior substance, especially with an intention to deceive; to adulterate; (generally) to corrupt or deceive (someone, their thinking, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"alter",
"alter#Verb"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"mixing",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign#Adjective"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
],
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"adulterate",
"adulterate#Verb"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Verb"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(also figuratively) To alter and make impure (something) by mixing it with some foreign or inferior substance, especially with an intention to deceive; to adulterate; (generally) to corrupt or deceive (someone, their thinking, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second VVeeke, […]. Noah. […].] The Arke. The I. Part of the II. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "The heavy hand of the high Thunderer\n Shall light on thee; and thou I doubt ſhalt be\n His Furies object, and ſhalt teſtifie\n By thine infamous lifes accurſed ſtate,\n VVhat now thy ſhame-leſs lips ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1803 April 9, Thomas Jefferson, “John Adams to Thomas Jefferson. Quincy, July 16, 1813 [quoting Jefferson’s letter to Dr. Joseph Priestley]”, in The Writings of Thomas Jefferson; […], volume VI, New York, N.Y.: Riker, Thorne & Co.; Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Maury, published 1854, →OCLC, page 169:",
"text": "His character and doctrines have received still greater injury from those who pretend to be his special disciples, and who have disfigured and sophisticated his actions and precepts from views of personal interest, so as to induce the unthinking part of mankind to throw off the whole system in disgust, and to pass sentence, as an impostor on the most innocent, the most benevolent, the most eloquent and sublime character that has ever been exhibited to man.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change#Verb"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#Noun"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, page [263], lines 1–5:",
"text": "[T]hey ſit in ſome ſun-ſhining place in a chamber or ſome other ſecret roome, where hauing a looking-glaſſe before them they ſophiſticate and dye their haire with the foreſaid drugs, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply an artificial technique to (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply#Verb"
],
[
"artificial",
"artificial"
],
[
"technique",
"technique"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(archaic) To apply an artificial technique to (something)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, [Ann Radcliffe], chapter X, in The Romance of the Forest: […], volume II, London: […] T[homas] Hookham and J. Carpenter, […], →OCLC, page 103:",
"text": "The benevolence of her heart taught her, in this inſtance, to ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876 March, Matthew Arnold, “Bishop Butler and the Zeit-Geist. II.”, in The Contemporary Review, volume XXVII, London: Strahan & Co. […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 574:",
"text": "Yet [Joseph] Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate, not to refine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To practise sophistry (“the (deliberate) making of arguments that seem plausible but are fallacious or misleading”)."
],
"links": [
[
"practise",
"practise#Verb"
],
[
"sophistry",
"sophistry#English"
],
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate#Adjective"
],
[
"making",
"making#Noun"
],
[
"arguments",
"argument#Noun"
],
[
"seem",
"seem"
],
[
"plausible",
"plausible"
],
[
"fallacious",
"fallacious"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To practise sophistry (“the (deliberate) making of arguments that seem plausible but are fallacious or misleading”)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophisticate-verb.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-sophisticate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-sophisticate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-sophisticate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-sophisticate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-sophisticate.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈfɪstɪkət/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sophisticate-adj.wav",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usložnjavam",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "усложнявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "tehdä hienostuneeksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "tehdä hienostuneemmaksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "sivistää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "jalostaa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make (something) more sophisticated (“complex, developed, or refined”) — see also develop, refine",
"word": "sofisticar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (oneself or someone) more sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”) — see also cosmopolitanize",
"word": "sivistää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change the meaning of (something) in a deceptive or misleading way",
"word": "käyttää harhaanjohtavassa merkityksessä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply an artificial technique to (something)",
"word": "soveltaa keinotekoista tekniikkaa"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvǎrtam",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "извъртам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "olla sofistinen"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to practice sophistry",
"word": "sofismar"
}
],
"word": "sophisticate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sophisticaten",
"t": "to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "sophisticātus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin sophisticātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sophisticus",
"t": "pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical"
},
"expansion": "Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σοφιστικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sophistiquer"
},
"expansion": "French sophistiquer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sofisticare"
},
"expansion": "Italian sofisticare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sofisticar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sofisticar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English sophisticaten (“to mix (something) with a foreign or inferior substance, adulterate”), from Medieval Latin sophisticātus, the past participle of sophisticāre (“to disguise; to tamper with; to trick using words”) + -ātus (suffix denoting the possession of features or things). Sophisticāre is derived from Latin sophisticus (“pertaining to the ancient Sophists, sophistic; pertaining to sophistry, sophistic, sophistical”) (from Ancient Greek σοφιστικός (sophistikós), from σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “master of a craft; prudent or wise person; philosopher; teacher, tutor; (derogatory) one who profits from false wisdom, cheat, swindler”), from σοφός (sophós, “able, skilful; clever, intelligent, prudent, wise; cunning”), further etymology unknown) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitives of verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* French sophistiquer\n* Italian sofisticare\n* Spanish sofisticar",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sophisticates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sophisticate (plural sophisticates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"so‧phis‧tic‧ate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991 December 1, Rudy Grillo, “Who's The Top?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 20, page 8:",
"text": "[…] the soporific details of Porter's socially correct marriage of convenience to wealthy and somewhat enigmatic Linda, \"a professional beauty.\" They evidently shared a taste for high social status and the elegant luxuries, high life and freedoms afforded by wealth. Linda and Cole are portrayed as the ultimate sophisticates but the viewer is never told the cause for their separation or why they married.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 September 21, Walt Dohrn, Paul Tibbitt, Merriwether Williams, “Sailor Mouth”, in SpongeBob SquarePants, season 2, episode 18a:",
"text": "Patrick Star: Because classy sophisticates like us should not stain our lips with cursing.\n SpongeBob SquarePants: Yea verily!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is sophisticated (“experienced in the ways of the world, that is, cosmopolitan or worldly-wise”), or who has sophisticated tastes."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced#Adjective"
],
[
"ways",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"world",
"world#Noun"
],
[
"cosmopolitan",
"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
"worldly-wise",
"worldly-wise"
],
[
"tastes",
"taste#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who is sophisticated, or who has sophisticated tastes",
"word": "hienostunut"
}
],
"word": "sophisticate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ate",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sophisticat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sophisticat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sophisticat, sophisticate (“adulterated; not genuine, counterfeit”), an adjective use of the past participle of sophisticaten (verb): see etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more sophisticate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most sophisticate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sophisticate (comparative more sophisticate, superlative most sophisticate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"so‧phis‧tic‧ate"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Of a person: experienced in the ways of the world; cosmopolitan, worldly-wise."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced#Adjective"
],
[
"ways",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"world",
"world#Noun"
],
[
"cosmopolitan",
"cosmopolitan#Adjective"
],
[
"worldly-wise",
"worldly-wise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Of art or other things: appealing to the tastes of an intellectual or sophisticated (sense 1.1) person; cerebral; also, cultured, elegant, refined."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"appealing",
"appealing#Adjective"
],
[
"tastes",
"taste#Noun"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual#Adjective"
],
[
"cerebral",
"cerebral"
],
[
"cultured",
"cultured#Adjective"
],
[
"elegant",
"elegant"
],
[
"refined",
"refined#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1663, John Dryden, “Epistle the Second. To My Honored Friend Dr. [Walter] Charleton, on His Learned and Useful Works; but More Particularly His Treatise of Stone-henge, by Him Restor’d to the True Founder.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 154:",
"text": "So truth, while only one ſupply'd the ſtate,\n Grew ſcarce, and dear, and yet ſophiſticate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Mixed with a foreign or inferior substance; not genuine or pure; adulterated, impure."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"Mixed",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign#Adjective"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"pure",
"pure#Adjective"
],
[
"adulterated",
"adulterated#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"(obsolete) Mixed with a foreign or inferior substance; not genuine or pure; adulterated, impure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"Of a thing: having its meaning changed in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticated",
"sophisticated#English"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#Noun"
],
[
"changed",
"change#Verb"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Synonym of sophisticated (adjective)",
"(obsolete) Of a thing: having its meaning changed in a deceptive or misleading way."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [],
"word": "sophisticate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sophisticate meaning in English (29.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.