See sludge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "activated sludge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biliary sludge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oil sludge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "primordial sludge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sludge acid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sludgecore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sludge hole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sludge metal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sludge out"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "slugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English slugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sliche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sliche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "slitch"
},
"expansion": "English slitch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">slitch</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sliċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sliċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sliki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sliki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*slikiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slikiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schlick"
},
"expansion": "German Schlick",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English slugge, sluche (“mud, mire”), probably an alteration of Middle English sliche, slicche (\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch), from Old English *sliċ, from Proto-West Germanic *sliki, *slīk, from Proto-Germanic *slikiz, *slīką (“mud, slush”). Cognate with Dutch slijk, German Schlick. Compare also slush.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sludges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slutch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sludge (countable and uncountable, plural sludges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
196,
202
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:",
"text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solids separated from suspension in a liquid."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-Lzm7PhrH",
"links": [
[
"Solids",
"solid"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 5 12 10 17 5",
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "mire"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 12 10 17 5",
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "mud"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 12 10 17 5",
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "ooze"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 12 10 17 5",
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "slush"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-rViLE1F9",
"links": [
[
"residual",
"residual"
],
[
"material",
"material"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ḥamaʔ",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "حَمَأ"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَمأَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "liete"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abwasserschlamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dríodar"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "kene"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szlam"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muł"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osádok",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "оса́док"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fango"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "atık"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "çamur"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 59 3 2 5 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "tortu"
}
]
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"glosses": [
"A sediment of accumulated minerals in a steam boiler."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-VOlYzjQr",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 1 69 6 11 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "rusāba",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رُسَابَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 69 6 11 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "nakip",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "накип"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 69 6 11 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"word": "kattilakivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 69 6 11 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 69 6 11 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lodo"
}
]
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"A mass of small pieces of ice on the surface of a water body."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-wgvGJhY7",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 84 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plavašt led",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плаващ лед"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 84 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "suppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 84 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "hyhmä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 84 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "sohjo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 84 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sludge metal"
}
],
"categories": [
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
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],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of sludge metal."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-IxNzcw3b",
"links": [
[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, music) Ellipsis of sludge metal."
],
"tags": [
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"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
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"music"
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 26 13 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 23 13 22 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 25 14 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
271,
277
]
],
"ref": "[2025 June 29, Chris Colin, “That Dropped Call With Customer Service? It Was on Purpose.”, in The Atlantic, retrieved 29 Jun 2025, Ideas:",
"text": "In the 2008 best seller Nudge, the legal scholar Cass R. Sunstein and the economist Richard H. Thaler marshaled behavioral-science research to show how small tweaks could help us make better choices. An updated version of the book includes a section on what they called “sludge”—tortuous administrative demands, endless wait times, and excessive procedural fuss that impede us in our lives.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Institutional policies that introduce tedium and inefficiency in processes."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-noun-SiZ~3eC2",
"qualifier": "behavioral science",
"raw_glosses": [
"(behavioral science) Institutional policies that introduce tedium and inefficiency in processes."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sludge.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wūní",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "污泥"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "ŝlimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "liete"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "lieju"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "muta"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lie"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Matsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dríodar"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"alt": "どろ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "doro",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "泥"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"alt": "でいど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "deido",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "泥土"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jinheuk",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "진흙"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jinchang",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "진창"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "kene"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Moarauss"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "il",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ил"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fango"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 3 17 15 27 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "mul",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мул"
}
],
"word": "sludge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "slugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English slugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sliche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sliche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "slitch"
},
"expansion": "English slitch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">slitch</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "*sliċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sliċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sliki"
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sliki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*slikiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slikiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schlick"
},
"expansion": "German Schlick",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English slugge, sluche (“mud, mire”), probably an alteration of Middle English sliche, slicche (\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch), from Old English *sliċ, from Proto-West Germanic *sliki, *slīk, from Proto-Germanic *slikiz, *slīką (“mud, slush”). Cognate with Dutch slijk, German Schlick. Compare also slush.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sludges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sludging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sludged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sludged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "slutch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To slump or slouch."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-verb-YCT8heOl",
"links": [
[
"slump",
"slump"
],
[
"slouch",
"slouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) To slump or slouch."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To slop or drip slowly."
],
"id": "en-sludge-en-verb-R4Fa42E1",
"links": [
[
"slop",
"slop"
],
[
"drip",
"drip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To slop or drip slowly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sludge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav.mp3",
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"word": "sludge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "activated sludge"
},
{
"word": "biliary sludge"
},
{
"word": "oil sludge"
},
{
"word": "primordial sludge"
},
{
"word": "sludge acid"
},
{
"word": "sludgecore"
},
{
"word": "sludge hole"
},
{
"word": "sludge metal"
},
{
"word": "sludge out"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "slugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English slugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sliche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sliche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "slitch"
},
"expansion": "English slitch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">slitch</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sliċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sliċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sliki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sliki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*slikiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slikiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schlick"
},
"expansion": "German Schlick",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English slugge, sluche (“mud, mire”), probably an alteration of Middle English sliche, slicche (\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch), from Old English *sliċ, from Proto-West Germanic *sliki, *slīk, from Proto-Germanic *slikiz, *slīką (“mud, slush”). Cognate with Dutch slijk, German Schlick. Compare also slush.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sludges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slutch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sludge (countable and uncountable, plural sludges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
196,
202
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:",
"text": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[…]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solids separated from suspension in a liquid."
],
"links": [
[
"Solids",
"solid"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes."
],
"links": [
[
"residual",
"residual"
],
[
"material",
"material"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sediment of accumulated minerals in a steam boiler."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A mass of small pieces of ice on the surface of a water body."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sludge metal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Musical genres"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of sludge metal."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"sludge metal",
"sludge metal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, music) Ellipsis of sludge metal."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
271,
277
]
],
"ref": "[2025 June 29, Chris Colin, “That Dropped Call With Customer Service? It Was on Purpose.”, in The Atlantic, retrieved 29 Jun 2025, Ideas:",
"text": "In the 2008 best seller Nudge, the legal scholar Cass R. Sunstein and the economist Richard H. Thaler marshaled behavioral-science research to show how small tweaks could help us make better choices. An updated version of the book includes a section on what they called “sludge”—tortuous administrative demands, endless wait times, and excessive procedural fuss that impede us in our lives.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Institutional policies that introduce tedium and inefficiency in processes."
],
"qualifier": "behavioral science",
"raw_glosses": [
"(behavioral science) Institutional policies that introduce tedium and inefficiency in processes."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "mire"
},
{
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "mud"
},
{
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "ooze"
},
{
"sense": "separated solids",
"word": "slush"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wūní",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "污泥"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "ŝlimo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "liete"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "lieju"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "muta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Matsch"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dríodar"
},
{
"alt": "どろ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "doro",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "泥"
},
{
"alt": "でいど",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "deido",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "泥土"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jinheuk",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "진흙"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jinchang",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "진창"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"word": "kene"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Moarauss"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedimento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "il",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ил"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lodo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedimento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puaj"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fango"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "mul",
"sense": "generic term for separated solids",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мул"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ḥamaʔ",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "حَمَأ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَمأَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "liete"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abwasserschlamm"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dríodar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "kene"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szlam"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muł"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osádok",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "оса́док"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fango"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "atık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "çamur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "residual material from a process",
"word": "tortu"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "rusāba",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رُسَابَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "nakip",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "накип"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"word": "kattilakivi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šlam",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлам"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sediment of minerals in a steam boiler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lodo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plavašt led",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плаващ лед"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "suppo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "hyhmä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"word": "sohjo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "small pieces of ice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
}
],
"word": "sludge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "slugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English slugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sliche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sliche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "slitch"
},
"expansion": "English slitch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">slitch</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sliċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sliċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sliki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sliki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*slikiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *slikiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schlick"
},
"expansion": "German Schlick",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English slugge, sluche (“mud, mire”), probably an alteration of Middle English sliche, slicche (\"mud, slush, tar\"; whence Modern English slitch), from Old English *sliċ, from Proto-West Germanic *sliki, *slīk, from Proto-Germanic *slikiz, *slīką (“mud, slush”). Cognate with Dutch slijk, German Schlick. Compare also slush.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sludges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sludging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sludged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sludged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "slutch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sludge (third-person singular simple present sludges, present participle sludging, simple past and past participle sludged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To slump or slouch."
],
"links": [
[
"slump",
"slump"
],
[
"slouch",
"slouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) To slump or slouch."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To slop or drip slowly."
],
"links": [
[
"slop",
"slop"
],
[
"drip",
"drip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To slop or drip slowly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slʌd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sludge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sludge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-sludge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-sludge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-sludge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-sludge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒ"
}
],
"word": "sludge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sludge meaning in English (17.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"sludge"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "sludge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.