"serum" meaning in English

See serum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈsɪəɹəm/ [UK], /ˈsiːɹəm/ [UK], /ˈsɪɹəm/ [US], /ˈsiɹəm/ [Canada] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serum.wav [Southern-England] Forms: serums [plural], sera [plural]
Rhymes: (UK) -ɪəɹəm, (US) -ɪɹəm Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ser- Proto-Indo-European *sér-o-der. Proto-Italic *serom Latin serumder. English serum From Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:der|la:serum|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ser- Proto-Indo-European *sér-o-der. Proto-Italic *serom Latin serumder. English serum [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*sér-o-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "flow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ser-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*serom", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "serum", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "serum", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="serum">, {{der|en|la|serum||whey}} Latin serum (“whey”), {{cog|fr|sérum}} French sérum, {{cog|es|suero}} Spanish suero, {{cog|it|siere}} Italian siere, {{cog|pt|soro}} Portuguese soro, {{doublet|en|suero}} Doublet of suero Head templates: {{en-noun|~|s|sera}} serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)
  1. Ellipsis of blood serum. Tags: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable Alternative form of: blood serum
    Sense id: en-serum-en-noun-en:blood_serum Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations, Physiology Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 28 33 15 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 26 15 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 24 26 13 6 17 1 1 6 5 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 14 13 7 3 10 7 9 7 10 9 3 1 0 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 12 7 4 10 7 9 7 10 9 3 0 0 3 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 26 31 16 9 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 23 28 18 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 24 29 17 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 22 27 22 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 28 28 16 8 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 27 30 15 7 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 28 30 16 9 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 26 20 10 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 28 30 16 8 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 24 26 20 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 27 27 18 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 24 30 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 25 27 17 10 21 Disambiguation of Physiology: 39 30 13 8 10
  2. Blood serum used as a blood product, in the practice of medicine: blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals (human or nonhuman), containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual (human or nonhuman). Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: antiserum
    Sense id: en-serum-en-noun-en:blood_serum_used_as_a_blood_product__in_medicine Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Navajo translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 28 33 15 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 27 33 14 7 19 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 26 15 8 20 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 22 30 19 6 23 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 24 26 13 6 17 1 1 6 5 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 14 13 7 3 10 7 9 7 10 9 3 1 0 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 12 7 4 10 7 9 7 10 9 3 0 0 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 24 31 14 6 15 6 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 21 31 12 6 15 5 1 0 6 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 26 31 16 9 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 22 29 18 11 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 23 28 18 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 23 32 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 22 33 16 9 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 20 35 16 6 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 24 29 17 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 22 27 22 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 28 28 16 8 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 27 30 15 7 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 28 30 16 9 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Navajo translations: 24 30 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 26 20 10 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 21 32 16 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 28 30 16 8 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 24 26 20 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 27 27 18 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 24 30 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 25 27 17 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 22 28 19 9 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 23 31 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 23 31 17 10 20
  3. A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (watery fluid from animal tissue): kudosneste (Finnish), serum (Indonesian)
    Sense id: en-serum-en-noun-en:serous_fluid_from_serous_membranes Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 28 33 15 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 26 15 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 24 26 13 6 17 1 1 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 26 31 16 9 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 23 28 18 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 24 29 17 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 22 27 22 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 28 28 16 8 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 27 30 15 7 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 28 30 16 9 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 26 20 10 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 28 30 16 8 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 24 26 20 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 27 27 18 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 24 30 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 25 27 17 10 21 Disambiguation of 'watery fluid from animal tissue': 6 10 50 32 2
  4. The watery portion of certain other animal fluids, such as milk; whey. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (watery portion of certain animal fluids): суроватка (surovatka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), hera (Finnish), savó (Hungarian), serum (Indonesian)
    Sense id: en-serum-en-noun-en:watery_portion_of_animal_fluids;_whey Categories (other): Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 26 20 10 22 Disambiguation of 'watery portion of certain animal fluids': 4 4 24 64 3
  5. (skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (skincare product): 精華液 /精华液 (jīnghuáyè) (Chinese Mandarin), seerumi (Finnish), serum (Indonesian), serum [neuter] (Polish), sérum [masculine] (Portuguese), sérum [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-serum-en-noun-en:any_of_certain_types_of_skincare_product;_an_instance_thereof Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 28 33 15 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 26 15 8 20 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 24 26 13 6 17 1 1 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 26 31 16 9 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 23 28 18 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 24 29 17 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 22 27 22 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 24 27 18 10 21 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 23 26 17 10 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 28 28 16 8 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 27 30 15 7 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 25 27 18 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 23 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 28 30 16 9 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 24 29 17 10 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 22 26 20 10 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 28 30 16 8 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 24 26 20 9 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 27 27 18 7 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 24 30 17 9 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 25 27 17 10 21 Disambiguation of 'skincare product': 13 25 8 3 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: sero-, antidote, antitoxin, antivenom Translations (yellowish fluid obtained from blood): ὀρός (orós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), مَصْل دَم (maṣl dam) [masculine] (Arabic), مَصْل (maṣl) [masculine] (Arabic), շիճուկ (šičuk) (Armenian), сыро́ватка (syróvatka) [feminine] (Belarusian), се́рум (sérum) [masculine] (Bulgarian), sèrum (Catalan), 血清 (xuèqīng, xiěqīng) (Chinese Mandarin), sérum [neuter] (Czech), syrovatčina [feminine] (Czech), serum [neuter] (Danish), serum [neuter] (Dutch), serumo (Esperanto), seerumi (Finnish), veriseerumi (Finnish), verihera (Finnish), sérum [masculine] (French), soro [masculine] (Galician), Serum [masculine] (German), ορός (orós) [masculine] (Greek), נסיוב (nasyúv) [masculine] (Hebrew), szérum (Hungarian), vérsavó (Hungarian), serum (Indonesian), siero (Italian), 血清 (kessei) (alt: けっせい) (Japanese), 혈청 (hyeolcheong) (alt: 血淸) (Korean), серум (serum) [masculine] (Macedonian), serum (Malay), dił bitooʼ (Navajo), خونابه (xunâbe) (Persian), سرم (serom) (Persian), surowica [feminine] (Polish), soro (Portuguese), ser (Romanian), сы́воротка (sývorotka) [feminine] (Russian), се́рум [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), sérum [Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), sérum [neuter] (Slovak), serum [masculine] (Slovene), suero [masculine] (Spanish), ซีรัม (Thai), น้ำเหลืองของเลือด (Thai), serum (Turkish), сиро́ватка (syróvatka) [feminine] (Ukrainian), huyết thanh (alt: 血清) (Vietnamese)
Derived forms: antiserum, autoserum, blood serum, convalescent serum, immune serum, immunoserum, nonserum, serous, serumal, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serumless, serum sickness, serumuria, truth serum Disambiguation of 'yellowish fluid obtained from blood': 25 31 24 9 11

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "antiserum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "autoserum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "immune serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "immunoserum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nonserum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serumal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serumless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serum sickness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "serumuria"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "truth serum"
    }
  ],
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    [
      "*ser-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-#Proto-Indo-European:_flow"
    ],
    [
      "*serom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/serom"
    ],
    [
      "serum",
      "serum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "serum",
      "serum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "sérum",
      "sérum#French"
    ],
    [
      "suero",
      "suero#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "siere",
      "siere#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "siero",
      "siero#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "soro",
      "soro#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "suero",
      "suero#English"
    ]
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "serum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "whey"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin serum (“whey”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sérum"
      },
      "expansion": "French sérum",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "suero"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish suero",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "siere"
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      "expansion": "Italian siere",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
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        "2": "soro"
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      "expansion": "Portuguese soro",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suero"
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      "expansion": "Doublet of suero",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ser-\nProto-Indo-European *sér-o-der.\nProto-Italic *serom\nLatin serumder.\nEnglish serum\nFrom Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "serums",
      "tags": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sera",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "expansion": "serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sero-"
    },
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "antitoxin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "antivenom"
    }
  ],
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        {
          "_dis": "23 26 17 10 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 16 8 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 17 10 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 30 15 7 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 29 17 10 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 18 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 18 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 17 10 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 29 17 10 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 30 16 9 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 29 17 10 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 26 20 10 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 30 16 8 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 26 20 9 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 18 7 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 30 17 9 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Thai translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 17 10 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing."
      ],
      "id": "en-serum-en-noun-en:any_of_certain_types_of_skincare_product;_an_instance_thereof",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:any of certain types of skincare product; an instance thereof"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "cmn",
          "roman": "jīnghuáyè",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "word": "精華液 /精华液"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "word": "seerumi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "lang_code": "id",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "word": "serum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "serum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sérum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 25 8 3 50",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "skincare product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sérum"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɪəɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsiːɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɪɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsiɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -ɪəɹəm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪɹəm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "maṣl dam",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مَصْل دَم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "maṣl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مَصْل"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "roman": "šičuk",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "շիճուկ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "roman": "syróvatka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сыро́ватка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "sérum",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "се́рум"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "sèrum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "xuèqīng, xiěqīng",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "血清"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "syrovatčina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serumo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "seerumi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "veriseerumi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "verihera"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "soro"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "orós",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ορός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "roman": "orós",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ὀρός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "nasyúv",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "נסיוב"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "szérum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "vérsavó"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "siero"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "alt": "けっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "kessei",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "血清"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "alt": "血淸",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "hyeolcheong",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "혈청"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "roman": "serum",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "серум"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "nv",
      "lang": "Navajo",
      "lang_code": "nv",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "dił bitooʼ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "xunâbe",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "خونابه"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "serom",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "سرم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "surowica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "soro"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "ser"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "sývorotka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сы́воротка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "се́рум"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "suero"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "ซีรัม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "น้ำเหลืองของเลือด"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "lang_code": "bo",
      "note": "ཆུ་སེར (chu ser, literally “yellow water”)",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "syróvatka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сиро́ватка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 31 24 9 11",
      "alt": "血清",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "huyết thanh"
    }
  ],
  "word": "serum"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (flow)",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪəɹəm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪəɹəm/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪɹəm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪɹəm/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Navajo translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Tibetan translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "en:Physiology"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "antiserum"
    },
    {
      "word": "autoserum"
    },
    {
      "word": "blood serum"
    },
    {
      "word": "convalescent serum"
    },
    {
      "word": "immune serum"
    },
    {
      "word": "immunoserum"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonserum"
    },
    {
      "word": "serous"
    },
    {
      "word": "serumal"
    },
    {
      "word": "serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase"
    },
    {
      "word": "serumless"
    },
    {
      "word": "serum sickness"
    },
    {
      "word": "serumuria"
    },
    {
      "word": "truth serum"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*ser-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-#Proto-Indo-European:_flow"
    ],
    [
      "*serom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/serom"
    ],
    [
      "serum",
      "serum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "serum",
      "serum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "sérum",
      "sérum#French"
    ],
    [
      "suero",
      "suero#Spanish"
    ],
    [
      "siere",
      "siere#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "siero",
      "siero#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "soro",
      "soro#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "suero",
      "suero#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "la:serum",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ser-\nProto-Indo-European *sér-o-der.\nProto-Italic *serom\nLatin serumder.\nEnglish serum\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sér-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ser-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*serom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"serum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"serum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"serum\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "serum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "whey"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin serum (“whey”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sérum"
      },
      "expansion": "French sérum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "suero"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish suero",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "siere"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian siere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "soro"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese soro",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suero"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of suero",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ser-\nProto-Indo-European *sér-o-der.\nProto-Italic *serom\nLatin serumder.\nEnglish serum\nFrom Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "serums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sera",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "sera"
      },
      "expansion": "serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sero-"
    },
    {
      "word": "antidote"
    },
    {
      "word": "antitoxin"
    },
    {
      "word": "antivenom"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "blood serum"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English ellipses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ellipsis of blood serum."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blood serum",
          "blood serum#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:blood serum"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "countable",
        "ellipsis",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: antiserum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Blood serum used as a blood product, in the practice of medicine: blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals (human or nonhuman), containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual (human or nonhuman)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Blood serum",
          "blood serum"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "immunize",
          "immunize"
        ],
        [
          "antibodies",
          "antibody"
        ],
        [
          "immunity",
          "immunity"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:blood serum used as a blood product, in medicine"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "antiserum"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tissue",
          "tissue"
        ],
        [
          "moisten",
          "moisten"
        ],
        [
          "serous",
          "serous"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "exude",
          "exude"
        ],
        [
          "inflame",
          "inflame"
        ],
        [
          "edema",
          "edema"
        ],
        [
          "blister",
          "blister"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:serous fluid from serous membranes"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The watery portion of certain other animal fluids, such as milk; whey."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watery",
          "watery"
        ],
        [
          "whey",
          "whey"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:watery portion of animal fluids; whey"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:any of certain types of skincare product; an instance thereof"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɪəɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsiːɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɪɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsiɹəm/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -ɪəɹəm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪɹəm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "maṣl dam",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مَصْل دَم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "maṣl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مَصْل"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "roman": "šičuk",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "շիճուկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "roman": "syróvatka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сыро́ватка"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "sérum",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "се́рум"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "sèrum"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "xuèqīng, xiěqīng",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "血清"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "syrovatčina"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "seerumi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "veriseerumi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "verihera"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "soro"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "orós",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ορός"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "roman": "orós",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ὀρός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "nasyúv",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "נסיוב"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "szérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "vérsavó"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "siero"
    },
    {
      "alt": "けっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "kessei",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "血清"
    },
    {
      "alt": "血淸",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "hyeolcheong",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "혈청"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "roman": "serum",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "серум"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "nv",
      "lang": "Navajo",
      "lang_code": "nv",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "dił bitooʼ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "xunâbe",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "خونابه"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "serom",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "سرم"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "surowica"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "soro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "ser"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "sývorotka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сы́воротка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "се́рум"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "suero"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "ซีรัม"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "น้ำเหลืองของเลือด"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "lang_code": "bo",
      "note": "ཆུ་སེར (chu ser, literally “yellow water”)",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "syróvatka",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сиро́ватка"
    },
    {
      "alt": "血清",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "yellowish fluid obtained from blood",
      "word": "huyết thanh"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "watery fluid from animal tissue",
      "word": "kudosneste"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "watery fluid from animal tissue",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "surovatka",
      "sense": "watery portion of certain animal fluids",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "суроватка"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "watery portion of certain animal fluids",
      "word": "hera"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "watery portion of certain animal fluids",
      "word": "savó"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "watery portion of certain animal fluids",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "jīnghuáyè",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "word": "精華液 /精华液"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "word": "seerumi"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serum"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "skincare product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sérum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "serum"
}

Download raw JSONL data for serum meaning in English (16.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: skincare",
  "path": [
    "serum"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "serum",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: skincare",
  "path": [
    "serum"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "serum",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.