"rhotacism" meaning in English

See rhotacism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɹoʊtəsɪzəm/ Forms: rhotacisms [plural]
Etymology: From New Latin rhōtacismus, from Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós), from ῥωτακίζω (rhōtakízō, “to incorrectly use rho”), from ῥῶ (rhô, “rho (the Greek equivalent of r)”) in analogy with ἰωτακίζω (iōtakízō, “to incorrectly use iota”); this in turn from ἰῶτα (iôta) in analogy with ἀττικίζω (attikízō, “talk like an Athenian”). By surface analysis rho + -tacism. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|NL.|rhōtacismus}} New Latin rhōtacismus, {{der|en|grc||*ῥωτακισμός}} Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós), {{suffix|en|rho|tacism}} rho + -tacism Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} rhotacism (countable and uncountable, plural rhotacisms)
  1. An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R): rotacismus (Czech), ráčkování (Czech), ráčkovanie (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-rhotacism-en-noun-MRCzm1uw Disambiguation of 'An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R': 74 7 19
  2. (countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Phonology Translations (A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R): rotacizm [masculine] (Albanian), ռոտացիզմ (ṙotacʻizm) (Armenian), րեականություն (reakanutʻyun) (Armenian), errotazismo (Basque), rotacisme [masculine] (Catalan), rotacismus [masculine] (Czech), rotacizmus [masculine] (Czech), rotacisme [masculine] (Dutch), rotaismo (Esperanto), äänteenmuutos R:ksi (Finnish), rotasismi (Finnish), rhotacisme [masculine] (French), როტაციზმი (roṭacizmi) (Georgian), Rhotazismus [masculine] (German), ρωτακισμός (rotakismós) [masculine] (Greek), rotacizmus (Hungarian), rotacismo [masculine] (Italian), rotacyzm [masculine] (Polish), ротаци́зм (rotacízm) [masculine] (Russian), rotacizmus [masculine] (Slovak), rotacizm [masculine] (Slovene), rotacismo (Spanish), rotatsizm (Uzbek)
    Sense id: en-rhotacism-en-noun-rnKQOBVp Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ism, English terms suffixed with -tacism, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Uzbek translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 67 30 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 9 62 29 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -tacism: 9 62 29 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 8 65 27 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 67 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 70 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 7 65 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 7 63 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 8 65 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 8 65 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 6 70 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 9 66 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 6 68 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 8 65 28 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 8 67 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 7 63 30 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 9 67 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 8 69 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 7 68 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 69 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 9 63 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 6 69 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 7 65 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 7 65 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 73 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Uzbek translations: 7 65 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 8 67 25 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonology, sciences Disambiguation of 'A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R': 9 78 12
  3. Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization): ráčkování [neuter] (Czech), ärrävika (Finnish), erre moscia [feminine] (Italian), rotacismo [masculine] (Italian), грасси́рование (grassírovanije) [neuter] (Russian), карта́вость (kartávostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), rotacismo (Spanish), tafod tew [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-rhotacism-en-noun-w0OtlqtA Disambiguation of 'Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization': 15 9 76
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: nonrhotic, non-rhotic, rhotic, rhoticity Coordinate_terms: zetacism, lambdacism, sigmatism

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "zetacism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lambdacism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sigmatism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "NL.",
        "3": "rhōtacismus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin rhōtacismus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ῥωτακισμός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rho",
        "3": "tacism"
      },
      "expansion": "rho + -tacism",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From New Latin rhōtacismus, from Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós), from ῥωτακίζω (rhōtakízō, “to incorrectly use rho”), from ῥῶ (rhô, “rho (the Greek equivalent of r)”) in analogy with ἰωτακίζω (iōtakízō, “to incorrectly use iota”); this in turn from ἰῶτα (iôta) in analogy with ἀττικίζω (attikízō, “talk like an Athenian”). By surface analysis rho + -tacism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rhotacisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "rhotacism (countable and uncountable, plural rhotacisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "nonrhotic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "non-rhotic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rhotic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rhoticity"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R."
      ],
      "id": "en-rhotacism-en-noun-MRCzm1uw",
      "links": [
        [
          "exaggerated",
          "exaggerated"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ],
        [
          "R",
          "R"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "74 7 19",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
          "word": "rotacismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 7 19",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
          "word": "ráčkování"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 7 19",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
          "word": "ráčkovanie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonology",
          "orig": "en:Phonology",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 67 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 62 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 62 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -tacism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 65 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 67 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 70 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 65 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 63 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 65 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Basque translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 65 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 70 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 66 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 68 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 65 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 67 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 63 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 67 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 69 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 68 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 69 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 63 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 69 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 65 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 65 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 73 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 65 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 67 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization."
      ],
      "id": "en-rhotacism-en-noun-rnKQOBVp",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "consonant",
          "consonant"
        ],
        [
          "flos",
          "flos"
        ],
        [
          "florem",
          "florem"
        ],
        [
          "rhotacization",
          "rhotacization"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacizm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ṙotacʻizm",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "ռոտացիզմ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "reakanutʻyun",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "րեականություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "errotazismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacizmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "rotaismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "äänteenmuutos R:ksi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "rotasismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rhotacisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "roṭacizmi",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "როტაციზმი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Rhotazismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "rotakismós",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ρωτακισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "rotacizmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacyzm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rotacízm",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ротаци́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacizmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacizm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "rotacismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 78 12",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
          "word": "rotatsizm"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1970, Leland E. Hinsie, Robert Jean Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, Oxford University Press, page 711:",
          "text": "For example: r’s may become burrs or guttural grunts or w’s or l’s (rhotacism); […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1976: Deafness, Speech, and Hearing Publications, Inc., of Gallaudet College & the American Speech and Hearing Association, DSH Abstracts, volumes 16–17 (1976–1977), page 289 (Deafness Speech and Hearing Publications)",
          "text": "From the analysis of Kana writings, hypothesizes that the inability to establish a stable… […] The correction of rhotacism by means of an electric vibrator."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005: Bernard Fogel, PhD, CCC-SLP, Exercising the Rhotacism in Absence of Pathology (ADVANCE)",
          "text": "It is universally accepted that the rhotacism, a defective utterance of the /r/ sounds, is usually the last and most difficult American English consonant to correct functionally.\nI use two methods to help correct the rhotacism."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization."
      ],
      "id": "en-rhotacism-en-noun-w0OtlqtA",
      "links": [
        [
          "Inability",
          "inability"
        ],
        [
          "pronounce",
          "pronounce"
        ],
        [
          "derhotacization",
          "derhotacization"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ráčkování"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "word": "ärrävika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "erre moscia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rotacismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "grassírovanije",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "грасси́рование"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kartávostʹ",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "карта́вость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "word": "rotacismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 9 76",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tafod tew"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹoʊtəsɪzəm/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "rhotacism"
  ],
  "word": "rhotacism"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English contranyms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from New Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English terms suffixed with -tacism",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Uzbek translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "zetacism"
    },
    {
      "word": "lambdacism"
    },
    {
      "word": "sigmatism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "NL.",
        "3": "rhōtacismus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin rhōtacismus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ῥωτακισμός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rho",
        "3": "tacism"
      },
      "expansion": "rho + -tacism",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From New Latin rhōtacismus, from Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós), from ῥωτακίζω (rhōtakízō, “to incorrectly use rho”), from ῥῶ (rhô, “rho (the Greek equivalent of r)”) in analogy with ἰωτακίζω (iōtakízō, “to incorrectly use iota”); this in turn from ἰῶτα (iôta) in analogy with ἀττικίζω (attikízō, “talk like an Athenian”). By surface analysis rho + -tacism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rhotacisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "rhotacism (countable and uncountable, plural rhotacisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "nonrhotic"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-rhotic"
    },
    {
      "word": "rhotic"
    },
    {
      "word": "rhoticity"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exaggerated",
          "exaggerated"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ],
        [
          "R",
          "R"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Phonology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "consonant",
          "consonant"
        ],
        [
          "flos",
          "flos"
        ],
        [
          "florem",
          "florem"
        ],
        [
          "rhotacization",
          "rhotacization"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1970, Leland E. Hinsie, Robert Jean Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, Oxford University Press, page 711:",
          "text": "For example: r’s may become burrs or guttural grunts or w’s or l’s (rhotacism); […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1976: Deafness, Speech, and Hearing Publications, Inc., of Gallaudet College & the American Speech and Hearing Association, DSH Abstracts, volumes 16–17 (1976–1977), page 289 (Deafness Speech and Hearing Publications)",
          "text": "From the analysis of Kana writings, hypothesizes that the inability to establish a stable… […] The correction of rhotacism by means of an electric vibrator."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005: Bernard Fogel, PhD, CCC-SLP, Exercising the Rhotacism in Absence of Pathology (ADVANCE)",
          "text": "It is universally accepted that the rhotacism, a defective utterance of the /r/ sounds, is usually the last and most difficult American English consonant to correct functionally.\nI use two methods to help correct the rhotacism."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Inability",
          "inability"
        ],
        [
          "pronounce",
          "pronounce"
        ],
        [
          "derhotacization",
          "derhotacization"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹoʊtəsɪzəm/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
      "word": "rotacismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
      "word": "ráčkování"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "An exaggerated use of the sound of the letter R",
      "word": "ráčkovanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ṙotacʻizm",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "ռոտացիզմ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "reakanutʻyun",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "րեականություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "errotazismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "rotaismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "äänteenmuutos R:ksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "rotasismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rhotacisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "roṭacizmi",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "როტაციზმი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Rhotazismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "rotakismós",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ρωτακισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "rotacizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacyzm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rotacízm",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ротаци́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "rotacismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R",
      "word": "rotatsizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ráčkování"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "word": "ärrävika"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "erre moscia"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rotacismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "grassírovanije",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "грасси́рование"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kartávostʹ",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "карта́вость"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "word": "rotacismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Inability to pronounce the letter R; derhotacization",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tafod tew"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "rhotacism"
  ],
  "word": "rhotacism"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rhotacism meaning in English (9.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.