"regulate" meaning in English

See regulate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈɹɛɡjəleɪt/ Audio: en-us-regulate.ogg [US] Forms: regulates [present, singular, third-person], regulating [participle, present], regulated [participle, past], regulated [past]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin regulatus, past participle of regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”), from regula (“rule”), from regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”). Compare regle, rail. Displaced native Old English metegian. Equivalent to regular + -ate. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|regulatus}} Latin regulatus, {{m|la|regulō||to direct, rule, regulate}} regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”), {{m|la|regula||rule}} regula (“rule”), {{m|la|regō||to keep straight, direct, govern, rule}} regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”), {{m|en|regle}} regle, {{m|en|rail}} rail, {{ncog|ang|metegian}} Old English metegian, {{suf|en|regular|ate}} regular + -ate Head templates: {{en-verb}} regulate (third-person singular simple present regulates, present participle regulating, simple past and past participle regulated)
  1. To dictate policy.
    Sense id: en-regulate-en-verb-OzIckhU~
  2. To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.
    Sense id: en-regulate-en-verb-1pq0K-zH
  3. To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning. Translations (adjust): κανονίζω (kanonízō) (Ancient Greek), ضَبَطَ (ḍabaṭa) (Arabic), регулирам (reguliram) (Bulgarian), 調節 (Chinese Mandarin), 调节 (tiáojié) (Chinese Mandarin), regulovat (Czech), regelen (Dutch), säätää (Finnish), régler (French), regeln (German), regulieren (German), irányít (Hungarian), szabályoz (Hungarian), regolare (Italian), registrare (Italian), tarare (Italian), 調節する (chōsetsu suru) (alt: ちょうせつする) (Japanese), 규정하다 (gyujeong-hada) (Korean), regulowaś [imperfective] (Lower Sorbian), regulěrowaś [imperfective] (Lower Sorbian), metegian (Old English), regular (Portuguese), regula (Romanian), регули́ровать (regulírovatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), отрегули́ровать (otregulírovatʹ) [perfective] (Russian), regular (Spanish), reglera (Swedish), regüle etmek (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-regulate-en-verb-MG6rEo86 Disambiguation of 'adjust': 3 2 90 5
  4. To put or maintain in order.
    Sense id: en-regulate-en-verb-7g7ZrQ48 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ate Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 12 15 41 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate: 24 11 16 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: deregulate, downregulate, self-regulate, upregulate Related terms: rule, ruler, regular, regulation, regulator

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for regulate meaning in English (7.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "deregulate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "downregulate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "self-regulate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "upregulate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "regulatus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin regulatus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regulō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to direct, rule, regulate"
      },
      "expansion": "regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regula",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rule"
      },
      "expansion": "regula (“rule”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to keep straight, direct, govern, rule"
      },
      "expansion": "regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "regle"
      },
      "expansion": "regle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rail"
      },
      "expansion": "rail",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "metegian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English metegian",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "regular",
        "3": "ate"
      },
      "expansion": "regular + -ate",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin regulatus, past participle of regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”), from regula (“rule”), from regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”). Compare regle, rail. Displaced native Old English metegian. Equivalent to regular + -ate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "regulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "regulate (third-person singular simple present regulates, present participle regulating, simple past and past participle regulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧gu‧late"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ruler"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "regular"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "regulation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "regulator"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To dictate policy."
      ],
      "id": "en-regulate-en-verb-OzIckhU~",
      "links": [
        [
          "dictate",
          "dictate"
        ],
        [
          "policy",
          "policy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 16, Cecilia Kang, “OpenAI’s Sam Altman Urges A.I. Regulation in Senate Hearing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "But on Tuesday, Sam Altman[…] testified before members of a Senate subcommittee and largely agreed with them on the need to regulate the increasingly powerful A.I. technology being created inside his company and others like Google and Microsoft.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law."
      ],
      "id": "en-regulate-en-verb-1pq0K-zH",
      "links": [
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "principle",
          "principle"
        ],
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to regulate a watch, i.e. adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately standard time",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning."
      ],
      "id": "en-regulate-en-verb-MG6rEo86",
      "links": [
        [
          "adjust",
          "adjust"
        ],
        [
          "mechanism",
          "mechanism"
        ],
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍabaṭa",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "ضَبَطَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "reguliram",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "регулирам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "調節"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tiáojié",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "调节"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regulovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regelen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "säätää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "régler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regulieren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "kanonízō",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "κανονίζω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "irányít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "szabályoz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regolare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "registrare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "tarare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "alt": "ちょうせつする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chōsetsu suru",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "調節する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gyujeong-hada",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "규정하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "metegian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "regulírovatʹ",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "регули́ровать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otregulírovatʹ",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "отрегули́ровать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "regulowaś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "regulěrowaś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "reglera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 90 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "adjust",
          "word": "regüle etmek"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 12 15 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 11 16 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "to regulate one's eating habits",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put or maintain in order."
      ],
      "id": "en-regulate-en-verb-7g7ZrQ48",
      "links": [
        [
          "put",
          "put"
        ],
        [
          "maintain",
          "maintain"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɛɡjəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-regulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/En-us-regulate.ogg/En-us-regulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/En-us-regulate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "regulate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "deregulate"
    },
    {
      "word": "downregulate"
    },
    {
      "word": "self-regulate"
    },
    {
      "word": "upregulate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "regulatus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin regulatus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regulō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to direct, rule, regulate"
      },
      "expansion": "regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regula",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rule"
      },
      "expansion": "regula (“rule”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "regō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to keep straight, direct, govern, rule"
      },
      "expansion": "regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "regle"
      },
      "expansion": "regle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rail"
      },
      "expansion": "rail",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "metegian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English metegian",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "regular",
        "3": "ate"
      },
      "expansion": "regular + -ate",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin regulatus, past participle of regulō (“to direct, rule, regulate”), from regula (“rule”), from regō (“to keep straight, direct, govern, rule”). Compare regle, rail. Displaced native Old English metegian. Equivalent to regular + -ate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "regulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "regulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "regulate (third-person singular simple present regulates, present participle regulating, simple past and past participle regulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧gu‧late"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rule"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruler"
    },
    {
      "word": "regular"
    },
    {
      "word": "regulation"
    },
    {
      "word": "regulator"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To dictate policy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dictate",
          "dictate"
        ],
        [
          "policy",
          "policy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 16, Cecilia Kang, “OpenAI’s Sam Altman Urges A.I. Regulation in Senate Hearing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "But on Tuesday, Sam Altman[…] testified before members of a Senate subcommittee and largely agreed with them on the need to regulate the increasingly powerful A.I. technology being created inside his company and others like Google and Microsoft.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "principle",
          "principle"
        ],
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to regulate a watch, i.e. adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately standard time",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adjust",
          "adjust"
        ],
        [
          "mechanism",
          "mechanism"
        ],
        [
          "proper",
          "proper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to regulate the disordered state of a nation or its finances",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "to regulate one's eating habits",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put or maintain in order."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "put",
          "put"
        ],
        [
          "maintain",
          "maintain"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɛɡjəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-regulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/En-us-regulate.ogg/En-us-regulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/En-us-regulate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍabaṭa",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "ضَبَطَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "reguliram",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "регулирам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "調節"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tiáojié",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "调节"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regulovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regelen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "säätää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "régler"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regulieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "kanonízō",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "κανονίζω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "irányít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "szabályoz"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regolare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "registrare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "tarare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちょうせつする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chōsetsu suru",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "調節する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gyujeong-hada",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "규정하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "metegian"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regular"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regula"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "regulírovatʹ",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "регули́ровать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otregulírovatʹ",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отрегули́ровать"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "regulowaś"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "regulěrowaś"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regular"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "reglera"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "adjust",
      "word": "regüle etmek"
    }
  ],
  "word": "regulate"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.