See proto-language in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for proto-language meaning in English (9.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "proto",
"3": "language"
},
"expansion": "proto- + language",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "proto- + language",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proto-languages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "proto-language (countable and uncountable, plural proto-languages)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reconstructed language"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
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"name": "English terms prefixed with proto-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known."
],
"id": "en-proto-language-en-noun-DV8M9vR2",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"reconstruct",
"reconstruct"
],
[
"similarities",
"similarity"
],
[
"existing",
"existing"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"deduce",
"deduce"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxalezu",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "նախալեզու"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protollingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pramóva",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прамо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "praezík",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праези́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protollengua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zou² jyu⁵",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖语"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǔyǔ",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖语"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "原始語"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yuánshǐyǔ",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "原始语"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ursprog"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "vooroudertaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "pralingvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "algkeel"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "kantakieli"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolangue"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "puʒeena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ფუძეენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inare ena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "წინარე ენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭo-ena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "პროტო-ენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ursprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protoglóssa",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "πρωτογλώσσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "alapnyelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ősnyelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "protonyelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "frummál"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"alt": "そご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sogo",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "atatıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ататіл"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tektıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "тектіл"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tüptıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "түптіл"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peuroto'eo",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "프로토어"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prokalbė"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prajazik",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прајазик"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "urspråk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajęzyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolíngua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolimbă"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prajazýk",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праязы́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prutulingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protojazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolengua"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "urspråk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "proto dil"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ön dil"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ögbe dıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "өгбе дыл"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pramóva",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прамо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ngôn ngữ nguyên thủy"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ngôn ngữ tổ tiên chung"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The early utterances produced by an infant before it acquires a true language."
],
"id": "en-proto-language-en-noun-wFxNWNjD",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
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],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"infant",
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],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The early utterances produced by an infant before it acquires a true language."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
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],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
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]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ur-language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Ursprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "protolanguage"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"proto-language"
],
"word": "proto-language"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
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],
"etymology_text": "proto- + language",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "proto-language (countable and uncountable, plural proto-languages)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "reconstructed language"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
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],
[
"language",
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],
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"reconstruct",
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],
[
"existing",
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],
[
"in order to",
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],
[
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[
"form",
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],
[
"aspect",
"aspect"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"The early utterances produced by an infant before it acquires a true language."
],
"links": [
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],
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"utterance",
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"infant",
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[
"acquire",
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[
"language",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The early utterances produced by an infant before it acquires a true language."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ur-language"
},
{
"word": "Ursprache"
},
{
"word": "protolanguage"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxalezu",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "նախալեզու"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protollingua"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pramóva",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прамо́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "praezík",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праези́к"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protollengua"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zou² jyu⁵",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǔyǔ",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "原始語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yuánshǐyǔ",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "原始语"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajazyk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ursprog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "vooroudertaal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "pralingvo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "algkeel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "kantakieli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolangue"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolingua"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "puʒeena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ფუძეენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inare ena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "წინარე ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭo-ena",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "პროტო-ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ursprache"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protoglóssa",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "πρωτογλώσσα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "alapnyelv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ősnyelv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "protonyelv"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "frummál"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolingua"
},
{
"alt": "そご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sogo",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "祖語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "atatıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ататіл"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tektıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "тектіл"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tüptıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "түптіл"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peuroto'eo",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "프로토어"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prokalbė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prajazik",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прајазик"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "urspråk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajęzyk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolíngua"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolimbă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prajazýk",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праязы́к"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prutulingua"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prajazyk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protojazyk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "protolengua"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "urspråk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "proto dil"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ön dil"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "ögbe dıl",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "өгбе дыл"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pramóva",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прамо́ва"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ngôn ngữ nguyên thủy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "common ancestor language",
"word": "ngôn ngữ tổ tiên chung"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"proto-language"
],
"word": "proto-language"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.